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Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery

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Arne Backlund

The document discusses rethinking resource recovery from wastewater by focusing on human urine as a valuable nutrient source. It provides examples of projects that recover nutrients from urine through processes like struvite precipitation and treatment with willow plants. These approaches can help close nutrient loops and reduce costs compared to conventional wastewater treatment. The document advocates for viewing human excreta as a resource rather than a waste and designing sanitation systems accordingly.

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Trinity College Dublin 2016 Rethinking Resource Recovery From Wastewater An Appetizer Arne Backlund Backlund ApS www.backlund.dk www.facebook.com/backlund.aps www.researchgate.net/profile/Arne_Backlund www.linkedin.com/in/arnebacklund
http://www.iwa-network.org/downloads/1440858039- web%20State%20of%20the%20Art%20Compendium%20Report%20on%20Resource%20Recovery %20from%20Water%202105%20.pdf
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
- RECOVERY OF RESOURCES FROM WATER STATE OF THE ART - INTRODUCTION - DEMAND, REGULATION AND POLICY AND SOCIAL ASPECTS - INNOVATION, ADOPTION AND GOOD EXAMPLES - CONCLUSIONS, FUTURE TRENDS AND THE ROLE OF THE IWA CLUSTER
Ancient Rome versus Ancient China & Japan
Arne Backlund
Present Human Organized Metabolism - Open-Flow System - Premised on Nature as Indefinite - Exhausting its Sources of Nourishment - Without Paying its Bills Could Human Beings in Politics Reorganize Humanity in Nature & Nature in Humanity?
Main Objectives of Sustainable Sanitation •To Reduce Health Risks related to Sanitation,Contaminated Water and Waste •To Prevent Pollution of Surface and Ground Water •To Prevent Degradation of Soil Fertility •To Optimise Closing the Loop of Human Excreted Nutrients, Organic Material and The Water Cycle Considering Energy & CO2 Balances •Economically and Ecologically Sustainable and Culturally Acceptable Systems
Experienced Problems From Rural Area Work In Eastern Germany 1989 - 1993 •High Subsidies Building CWWTP •Very High Subsidies Establishing Sewers - Up To 95 % •Costs - Up to Euro 50000 to Connect one House •”HOAI” 10 % of Total Cost •Mastering the Art of Tendering •PPP ”Betreibermodelle” & ”Kooperationsmodelle” •Not Supporting Innovation & Visions about Ecological & Economical Sustainable Sanitation
My Way - Innovative Production and Waste Reducing Handling Systems in Garnment Industri
Tentative Holistic Reflection •We Can´t Solve Problems by Using More of the Same Kind of Thinking (Paradigm) we Used Creating Them! •Conventional Waste Water Solution – with Mixing & Dilution – Best Solution to Polution? •Why do Human Beings with Two Outlets Design and Use Toilets with Only One Inlet? •When the Solution is Simple, God is Answering!
Flow or Stream of Material •Human urine contributes to about 80 % of the load of N and 50 % of the P load of conventional domestic wastewater •Human Urine treated conventional requires large amounts of energy producing problematic sludge
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Flow or Stream of Materials •We Excrete most of the Nutrients we Consume •Human Urine contributes with only 1 % of the Volume of Household Wastewater but contains 80 % of N, 55 % of P and 60 % of K and less than 0.6 % of Cadmium and 0.06 % of Lead
Phosphorus •One Person Excrete 1 KG P/year. •0.7 KG in Urine and 0.3 KG in Faeces. •Human Phosphorus Returned to Soil Would Cover 80 % of P Demand •In Agriculture Short of Phosphorus Human Excreta could be a Golden Opportunity. •In 100 years Phosphorus Could Be Gone.
To Make Gold out of Human Urine
Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3• Mg/kg DM • Mg/kg DM
• Mg/kg P • Mg/kg N
1) The first urine product is urine stabilized by nitrification and destillated resulting in amonium nitrate + P + S with a final water content of 4 %. 2) The second urine product is struvite (MgNH4PO4*6H2O), which precipitates when magnesium oxide is added to human urine. Struvite is mainly a phosphorus fertilizer 3) The third urine product is ammonium sulphate, where ammonia is stripped using sulphuric acid Present research condensing human urine-derived nutrients
Value from Urine - project details • Title: Bio-electrochemically-assisted recovery of valuable resources from urine • Project Acronym: ValuefromUrine • Total Cost: 3.85 million € • EC Contribution: 2.91 million € • Duration: 48 months • Start Date: 01-09-2012 • End date: 31-08-2016 • Consortium: 7 partners from 5 countries
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Cadmium in Irish & Swedish Soils Ireland Median values 0.33 mg/kg DM 5 % > 1.65 mg/kg DM 25% > 0.64 mg/kg DM 15% > EU Treshold limit = 0.8 mg/kg DM Sludge Prohibited on soil > 1 mg/kg DM Sweden Median values 0.19 mg/kg DM 5 % > 0.45 mg/kg DM Soil Quality Limit Value 0.5 mg/kg DM Sludge Prohibited on soil > 0.45 mg/kg DM
Cd in Human Bodies, Soil & Willow WTI based on Kidney tollerance 2.5 microgram Cd/kg BW/W Average Cd intake in Sweden 1 - 1.45 microgram Cd/kg BW/W Swedish average agricultural soil 600 g Cd/ha Cd in Willow steams 0.9 – 2.4 mg/kg DM Cd removal 7.2 - 20 g/ha/year
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Self-Experienced
A Way Out
http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/2003/87-7972-734-4/pdf/87-7972- 735-2.pdf Manure and sludge allowed in Danish Gardens
http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/2003/87-7972-734-4/pdf/87- 7972-735-2.pdf Human Urine from Diverting ToiletsNot Allowed As Fertilizer in Danish Gardens A Way Out
BeerCycling ROSKILDE FROM PISS TO PILSNER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_j6oo1tq30
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_rAakt1tWo BeerCycling 54000 litres of Pee into 100000 litres of Pilsner 300000 botles
BeerCycling ROSKILDE FESTIVAL FROM PISS TO PILSNER
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= j_j6oo1tq30 https://www.google.dk/webhp?sourceid =chrome- instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF- 8#q=fra%20tis%20til%20pilsner%20un dervisningsmateriale Great secondary school educational materials separate for teachers and pupils
http://www.tv2lorry.dk/nyheder/26-08- 2016/1930/fra-tis-til-ol?autoplay=1#player BeerCycling Harvesting malt barley fertilized with human urine. Beer ready in 2017. http://www.tv2lorry.dk/nyheder/26-08-2016/1930/fra-tis-til-ol?autoplay=1#player
BeerCycling ROSKILDE FROM PISS TO PILSNER BeerCycling ROSKILDE FESTIVAL FROM PISS TO PILSNER
BeerCycling ROSKILDE FROM PISS TO PILSNER BeerCycling ROSKILDE FESTIVAL FROM PISS TO PILSNER
76 m² 2Rooms 86 m² 3Rooms 98 m² 4 Rooms 112 m² 5 Rooms 126 m² 6 Rooms 90 Rowhouses Permatopia, Karise Denmark
Permatopia, Karise Denmark
Permatopia, Karise Denmark
Permatopia, Karise Denmark
PERMATOPIA 90 Rowhouses
Please sit down and pee
Permatopia, Karise Denmark
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/10-families- have-donated-160000-litres-high-quality-liquid- backlund?trk=mp-author-card Hyldespjældet, DK 10 EcoFlush + 5 x 3 m3 WW Containers Copenhagen Universi Testing Field Plots
Munksøgård, Roskilde, DK 100 apartments, 100 EcoFlush + in common houses 5 x 35 m3 WW containers
Møn Farming Museum
5 EcoFlush + 1 Waterless Urinal- Møns Museum Denmark http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publikationer/2 002/87-7972-355-1/pdf/87-7972-357-8.pdf
ØsterGro RoofTop Farmfarm & Restaurant ”Stedsans” Copenhagen https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/sustainable-sanitation-top-high-up-rooftop- copenhagen-arne-backlund?trk=mp-author-card
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Urine Containers & Composter
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Willow Evapotranspiration System MARJATTA Tappernøje Denmark From the first known ”unknown” system in 1991/1992 to best known practice in 2016 Recommended by Authorities in Denmark for Highest Demands Zero Discharge Sanitation https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/worlds-first-oldest-known-on-site-zero-discharge-willow- arne-backlund?trk=mp-author-card Estimated 7000 – 8000 Households connected
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Willow bed ready for planting april 2004 Sept. 2004 Willow are appr. 3 m tall February 2005 June 2005 Willows August 2005 seco growing season 4 m*38 m Bassin, 1.5 m Deep Møn, Denmark
Plant 1: 184 m2 Plant 2: 912 m2 Plant 3: 528 m2 Plant 4: 720 m2 Plant 5: 320 m2 Plant 6: 720 m2 Plant 7: 784 m2 Plant 8: 1.632 m2 Plant 9: udgår Plant 10: 240 m2 Plant 11: 240 m2 Plant 12: 336 m2 Plant 13: 212 m2 Total 6.828 m2
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Diverting WC at school in Visby Sweden
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Reduced costs using WW & Sludge application to EWSRP •Reduces Demand for Chemical Fertilizers •By far Most Important Public or Private Cost Reduction - Allocating Nutrient Removal to EWSRP •Cost kg N Conventional N-Removal Often 10 Times Higher than kg N price of Chemical Fertilizer •Primary Cost Reduction Potential related to Establishment •Multifunctional Potential related to Cd uptake
Municipality Task Set Up (Question/Demand) 50 % Reduction in N-Outlet to Enköping Stream Using Alternatives To Conventional N-removal on CWWTP. Consultant Answer/Solution •30 t N/y Removed by Fertilizing 80 ha Energy Willow Plantation at Local Farm •20 t N/y Removed by use of Stored & Hyginized Sludge from Septic & Black Water Tanks + Small WWTP on Local Energy Willow Plantations •10 t/N/y Internal Reductions on CWWTP.
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery
Enköping Municipality, Central WW Treatment Plant, Central Heating Plant and Five Farmers •System improving Closing Local Nutrient Loop from WWTP and Single Households to EWSRP •New Thinking (New Paradigm) about Interaction Between Wastewater Handling, Agriculture and Energy Production to Local CHP •Good Co-Operation with Local Farmers Recycling Nutrients from Wastewater Streams to Cultivated Soil •Environmental Advantages •Economical Advantages Distributed Between Municipality, Energy Company and Local Farmers
Small steps towards a Metabolic Shift reducing Metabolic Rift Human Urine – Liquid Gold High Quality Anthropogenic Nutrient Solution from Stream Diverting Sustainable Sanitation & Multifunctional Willow - Plant – Soil - Systems Reducing among Other Metabolic Disturbances caused by Cadmium In Soil – Plant – Food & Human Body
Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery

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Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking ressource recovery

  • 1. Trinity College Dublin 2016 Rethinking Resource Recovery From Wastewater An Appetizer Arne Backlund Backlund ApS www.backlund.dk www.facebook.com/backlund.aps www.researchgate.net/profile/Arne_Backlund www.linkedin.com/in/arnebacklund
  • 6. - RECOVERY OF RESOURCES FROM WATER STATE OF THE ART - INTRODUCTION - DEMAND, REGULATION AND POLICY AND SOCIAL ASPECTS - INNOVATION, ADOPTION AND GOOD EXAMPLES - CONCLUSIONS, FUTURE TRENDS AND THE ROLE OF THE IWA CLUSTER
  • 9. Present Human Organized Metabolism - Open-Flow System - Premised on Nature as Indefinite - Exhausting its Sources of Nourishment - Without Paying its Bills Could Human Beings in Politics Reorganize Humanity in Nature & Nature in Humanity?
  • 10. Main Objectives of Sustainable Sanitation •To Reduce Health Risks related to Sanitation,Contaminated Water and Waste •To Prevent Pollution of Surface and Ground Water •To Prevent Degradation of Soil Fertility •To Optimise Closing the Loop of Human Excreted Nutrients, Organic Material and The Water Cycle Considering Energy & CO2 Balances •Economically and Ecologically Sustainable and Culturally Acceptable Systems
  • 11. Experienced Problems From Rural Area Work In Eastern Germany 1989 - 1993 •High Subsidies Building CWWTP •Very High Subsidies Establishing Sewers - Up To 95 % •Costs - Up to Euro 50000 to Connect one House •”HOAI” 10 % of Total Cost •Mastering the Art of Tendering •PPP ”Betreibermodelle” & ”Kooperationsmodelle” •Not Supporting Innovation & Visions about Ecological & Economical Sustainable Sanitation
  • 12. My Way - Innovative Production and Waste Reducing Handling Systems in Garnment Industri
  • 13. Tentative Holistic Reflection •We Can´t Solve Problems by Using More of the Same Kind of Thinking (Paradigm) we Used Creating Them! •Conventional Waste Water Solution – with Mixing & Dilution – Best Solution to Polution? •Why do Human Beings with Two Outlets Design and Use Toilets with Only One Inlet? •When the Solution is Simple, God is Answering!
  • 14. Flow or Stream of Material •Human urine contributes to about 80 % of the load of N and 50 % of the P load of conventional domestic wastewater •Human Urine treated conventional requires large amounts of energy producing problematic sludge
  • 17. Flow or Stream of Materials •We Excrete most of the Nutrients we Consume •Human Urine contributes with only 1 % of the Volume of Household Wastewater but contains 80 % of N, 55 % of P and 60 % of K and less than 0.6 % of Cadmium and 0.06 % of Lead
  • 18. Phosphorus •One Person Excrete 1 KG P/year. •0.7 KG in Urine and 0.3 KG in Faeces. •Human Phosphorus Returned to Soil Would Cover 80 % of P Demand •In Agriculture Short of Phosphorus Human Excreta could be a Golden Opportunity. •In 100 years Phosphorus Could Be Gone.
  • 19. To Make Gold out of Human Urine
  • 20. Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3• Mg/kg DM • Mg/kg DM
  • 21. • Mg/kg P • Mg/kg N
  • 22. 1) The first urine product is urine stabilized by nitrification and destillated resulting in amonium nitrate + P + S with a final water content of 4 %. 2) The second urine product is struvite (MgNH4PO4*6H2O), which precipitates when magnesium oxide is added to human urine. Struvite is mainly a phosphorus fertilizer 3) The third urine product is ammonium sulphate, where ammonia is stripped using sulphuric acid Present research condensing human urine-derived nutrients
  • 23. Value from Urine - project details • Title: Bio-electrochemically-assisted recovery of valuable resources from urine • Project Acronym: ValuefromUrine • Total Cost: 3.85 million € • EC Contribution: 2.91 million € • Duration: 48 months • Start Date: 01-09-2012 • End date: 31-08-2016 • Consortium: 7 partners from 5 countries
  • 25. Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
  • 27. Cadmium in Irish & Swedish Soils Ireland Median values 0.33 mg/kg DM 5 % > 1.65 mg/kg DM 25% > 0.64 mg/kg DM 15% > EU Treshold limit = 0.8 mg/kg DM Sludge Prohibited on soil > 1 mg/kg DM Sweden Median values 0.19 mg/kg DM 5 % > 0.45 mg/kg DM Soil Quality Limit Value 0.5 mg/kg DM Sludge Prohibited on soil > 0.45 mg/kg DM
  • 28. Cd in Human Bodies, Soil & Willow WTI based on Kidney tollerance 2.5 microgram Cd/kg BW/W Average Cd intake in Sweden 1 - 1.45 microgram Cd/kg BW/W Swedish average agricultural soil 600 g Cd/ha Cd in Willow steams 0.9 – 2.4 mg/kg DM Cd removal 7.2 - 20 g/ha/year
  • 34. BeerCycling ROSKILDE FROM PISS TO PILSNER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_j6oo1tq30
  • 35. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_rAakt1tWo BeerCycling 54000 litres of Pee into 100000 litres of Pilsner 300000 botles
  • 38. http://www.tv2lorry.dk/nyheder/26-08- 2016/1930/fra-tis-til-ol?autoplay=1#player BeerCycling Harvesting malt barley fertilized with human urine. Beer ready in 2017. http://www.tv2lorry.dk/nyheder/26-08-2016/1930/fra-tis-til-ol?autoplay=1#player
  • 39. BeerCycling ROSKILDE FROM PISS TO PILSNER BeerCycling ROSKILDE FESTIVAL FROM PISS TO PILSNER
  • 40. BeerCycling ROSKILDE FROM PISS TO PILSNER BeerCycling ROSKILDE FESTIVAL FROM PISS TO PILSNER
  • 41. 76 m² 2Rooms 86 m² 3Rooms 98 m² 4 Rooms 112 m² 5 Rooms 126 m² 6 Rooms 90 Rowhouses Permatopia, Karise Denmark
  • 46. Please sit down and pee
  • 49. Munksøgård, Roskilde, DK 100 apartments, 100 EcoFlush + in common houses 5 x 35 m3 WW containers
  • 51. 5 EcoFlush + 1 Waterless Urinal- Møns Museum Denmark http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publikationer/2 002/87-7972-355-1/pdf/87-7972-357-8.pdf
  • 52. ØsterGro RoofTop Farmfarm & Restaurant ”Stedsans” Copenhagen https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/sustainable-sanitation-top-high-up-rooftop- copenhagen-arne-backlund?trk=mp-author-card
  • 54. Urine Containers & Composter
  • 56. Willow Evapotranspiration System MARJATTA Tappernøje Denmark From the first known ”unknown” system in 1991/1992 to best known practice in 2016 Recommended by Authorities in Denmark for Highest Demands Zero Discharge Sanitation https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/worlds-first-oldest-known-on-site-zero-discharge-willow- arne-backlund?trk=mp-author-card Estimated 7000 – 8000 Households connected
  • 58. Willow bed ready for planting april 2004 Sept. 2004 Willow are appr. 3 m tall February 2005 June 2005 Willows August 2005 seco growing season 4 m*38 m Bassin, 1.5 m Deep Møn, Denmark
  • 59. Plant 1: 184 m2 Plant 2: 912 m2 Plant 3: 528 m2 Plant 4: 720 m2 Plant 5: 320 m2 Plant 6: 720 m2 Plant 7: 784 m2 Plant 8: 1.632 m2 Plant 9: udgår Plant 10: 240 m2 Plant 11: 240 m2 Plant 12: 336 m2 Plant 13: 212 m2 Total 6.828 m2
  • 61. Diverting WC at school in Visby Sweden
  • 63. Reduced costs using WW & Sludge application to EWSRP •Reduces Demand for Chemical Fertilizers •By far Most Important Public or Private Cost Reduction - Allocating Nutrient Removal to EWSRP •Cost kg N Conventional N-Removal Often 10 Times Higher than kg N price of Chemical Fertilizer •Primary Cost Reduction Potential related to Establishment •Multifunctional Potential related to Cd uptake
  • 64. Municipality Task Set Up (Question/Demand) 50 % Reduction in N-Outlet to Enköping Stream Using Alternatives To Conventional N-removal on CWWTP. Consultant Answer/Solution •30 t N/y Removed by Fertilizing 80 ha Energy Willow Plantation at Local Farm •20 t N/y Removed by use of Stored & Hyginized Sludge from Septic & Black Water Tanks + Small WWTP on Local Energy Willow Plantations •10 t/N/y Internal Reductions on CWWTP.
  • 66. Enköping Municipality, Central WW Treatment Plant, Central Heating Plant and Five Farmers •System improving Closing Local Nutrient Loop from WWTP and Single Households to EWSRP •New Thinking (New Paradigm) about Interaction Between Wastewater Handling, Agriculture and Energy Production to Local CHP •Good Co-Operation with Local Farmers Recycling Nutrients from Wastewater Streams to Cultivated Soil •Environmental Advantages •Economical Advantages Distributed Between Municipality, Energy Company and Local Farmers
  • 67. Small steps towards a Metabolic Shift reducing Metabolic Rift Human Urine – Liquid Gold High Quality Anthropogenic Nutrient Solution from Stream Diverting Sustainable Sanitation & Multifunctional Willow - Plant – Soil - Systems Reducing among Other Metabolic Disturbances caused by Cadmium In Soil – Plant – Food & Human Body