Umicore is a global materials technology and recycling company that has a unique battery recycling process. It introduced its recycling process and business at the EV Battery Recycling Conference. Umicore has over 125 years of experience recycling complex waste streams containing precious and other valuable metals. It currently operates the world's largest battery recycling facility and can recycle 7,000 metric tons of lithium-ion batteries per year. Umicore's proprietary pyrometallurgical recycling process allows it to recover key battery metals like nickel, cobalt, and lithium from spent batteries with high yields over 95% and produce battery-grade materials to close the loop in the battery supply chain.
LIB MATERIAL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY AS A SUSTAINABLE AND SCALABLE SOLUTION
Report
Share
1 of 33
More Related Content
UMICORE’S BATTERY RECYCLING PROCESS: AN UPDATE ON WHAT'S DONE AND THE FUTURE OUTLOOK
1. Mark Caffarey, Umicore USA
EV Battery Recycling Conference March 2022
Umicore’s battery recycling process
2. Who we are
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
A global materials technology and recycling group
A leading supplier of key
materials for rechargeable
batteries used in electrified
transportation and portable
electronics
The world’s leading recycler
of complex waste streams
containing precious and other
valuable metals
A global leader in
automotive catalysts for
internal combustion
engines, hybrids and fuel
cell powered vehicles.
3. Built on sound foundations
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
Supportive
megatrends
Industry leader in
sustainability
recycling
Unique business
model
A longstanding leader in sustainability
more
stringent
emission
control
resource
scarcity
electromobility
3
Net Zero GHG. Zero regrets.
Endless possibilities.
4. Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
Emissioncontrol
catalysts
Internal
Combustion Engine
Battery cathode
materials
Full Electric
Vehicle
Electro-catalyst and
battery cathode materials
Fuel Cells
Vehicle
Battery cathode materials
and emissioncontrol catalysts
Plug-inHybrid
Electric Vehicle
Unique position
in clean mobility materials
5. A global leader in recycling
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
Recovering over 20 metals, offering the highest metal yields
Our world-class
eco-efficient and
unique technologies
treat residues from
over 200 complex
waste streams
5
6. Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
Ore
Smelters
& Refiners Non-Ferrous
Metals
Technology
Materials
Applications
End-user
Applications
EOL
Materials
RECYCLING
The Umicore
Way
Closing the loop
With a unique integration in the value chain
6
7. Our mission
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
Materials for a better life
Setting new industry benchmarks through our
technology and innovation
Over 20 years of sustainability leadership
7
Safeguarding our planet’s precious resources by
reducing the use of primary materials
Delivering solutions to tackle pressing societal challenges
in clean mobility and circular economy
8. Our strategic approach
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
is supported by
Clear leadership in
clean mobility materials
and recycling
Setting new industry
standards in
sustainability
Early strategic
positioning
in the markets
we serve
Strong
commitment
to innovation
Solid financial
structure
Unique
business model &
complementarity
of activities
8
9. Net Zero
GHG emissions by 2035
Zero
inequality
Zero
harm
We continue to be a leader in sustainability
Broader, bolder, faster, better
Net Zero GHG. Zero regrets.
Endless possibilities.
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use 9
11. Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
Our ambitious commitment:
net zero GHG scope 1 & 2 emissions by 2035
2025
-20%
-50%
-100%
2030 2035
Net Zero
GHG
2019
Baseline
11
12. Global presence
Figures exclude associated companies (December 2020)
235
people
Africa
1
production site
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
1
R&D technical center
North America
692
people
10
production sites
South America
607
people
5
production sites
1
R&D technical center
Asia / Pacific
13
production sites
3,223
people
6
R&D technical centers
Europe
6,102
people
18
production sites
7
R&D technical centers
PEOPLE
10,859
PRODUCTION SITES
47
R&D | TECHNICAL CENTERS
15
13. Key figures 2020
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
Revenues
€ 3.2 bn
Adjusted EBIT
€ 536 m
Adjusted EPS
€ 1.34/share
R&D spend
€ 223 m
45%
11%
4%
36%
4%
36%
64%
Europe Asia-Pacific
North America Africa
South America
Primary materials
Secondary &
end of life materials
23%
77%
Revenues by
geography
Input materials
Revenues
by
Clean mobility &
recycling
Other solutions
15. 15
Technical know-how
at industrial pilot scale (7,000 mt/year)
Experience of upscaling
from industrial pilot scale to large industrial
scale from precious metal recycling
(>1,000 mt/day)
Reliable technology with economies
of scale (>100,000 mt/yr)
Umicore Battery Recycling
Mass electrification will require clean, dense and integrated supply chains.
Introducing Umicore 2021
16. Umicore Battery Recycling
16
Leaning on 125 years of complex waste streams recycling
Development of a unique &
ecofriendly battery recycling
process as a result of a
process development track
since 2004
Fully operational since 2011,
recycling production wastes,
portable, automotive and ESS
batteries.
Strong focus on
EHS, robustness
and metal yields.
125 years of recycling
complex waste
streams as solid base
Introducing Umicore 2021
17. Umicore Battery Recycling
Dismantling of xEV Batteries
Hanau, Germany
Pack Material
Local Certified Recyclers
Electronic Components
Umicore Precious Metal Refining
Battery Modules/Cells
Umicore Battery Recycling Solutions,
Hoboken, Belgium
Introducing Umicore Battery Recycling
18. Battery recycling pioneer
18
Unique technology
Umicore has a unique and
proprietary recycling technology
enabling the recycling of battery
waste and recovery of Nickel,
Cobalt and Lithium in a closed loop
thanks to its industrial experience,
know-how and IP
Introducing Umicore 2021
19. 19
Today
Umicore offers a closed
loop solution for batteries,
including a dismantling
service in Hanau, Germany
Current capacity to recycle 7,000 mT of Li-ion batteries per year
First industrial pilot plant for battery recycling
2010
Building of a
new rechargeable
battery recycling
plant in Hoboken
Introducing Umicore 2021
20. Open loop recycling
20
We embrace the circular
economy and a future
proof business model in
which we recycle and
produce cathode
materials.
Chemistry
Material Science
Metallurgy
Minerals
Smelting &
Refining
Closed loop recycling
Metals
Transformation
Material
solutions
Metals
Material
solutions
Recycling
Introducing Umicore 2021
21. Unique Flexible Scalable Low environmental
footprint
Cost
advantages
EHS sound
solution
Advantages
that come with
pyrometallurgy
21
Introducing Umicore 2021
22. 22
Umicore
Active throughout the value chain
Ni
Mn Li
Co Refining
&
Transformation
Precursor &
Cathodes
Battery
1
3
4
5
1
2
Refining and transformation
Cathode Active Materials
Portable
Electronics
Power
Tools
(P)HEV
/ EV
E-Bikes
Stationary
Power
Raw
Materials
Metal
Compounds
Cathode Active
Materials
Cells &
modules
End Use
2
3
4
Production scrap
& intermediaries Recycler
EOL Battery Recycler
5 End application Recycler
Introducing Umicore 2021
23. Challenges
Main Speed Bumps
Battery safety...
Requires supply
chain wide
commitment
Economies of
scale…
Requires mass
EOL market
Closed loop…
Requires qualified
products
Geographic
differences…
Means, no silver
bullet for go-to-
market
Introducing Umicore 2021
24. Umicore way forward
1) Demand for electrified vehicles (xEVs) grows exponentially across the world.
2) Investing to grow our battery recycling business and established ‘Battery
Recycling Solutions’ (BRS) as a new business unit in 2021, after two years of
intensive business incubation in NBI.
3) The creation of a dedicated organization underlines our commitment to make
battery recycling and our closed loop offering an essential part of our contribution to
the sustainable electrification of the automotive industry.
4) Significant step-up in recycling performance, with increased extraction efficiency
of cobalt, nickel and copper to reach over 95% yield for a wide variety of battery
chemistries. This includes the capability to recover most of the lithium in EV
batteries, solving a key constraint in existing recycling capacity.
5) The recovered metals will be delivered in battery-grade quality at the end of
Umicore’s recycling process, allowing them to be re-introduced in the production of
new lithium-ion batteries.
24
Battery Recycling
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use
25. Working our way to Go for Zero in 2035
o Umicore has signed two separate long-term power purchase
agreements with ENGIE Belgium and Axpo Group.
o The Renewable energy sourced from offshore and onshore wind
turbines will power two of our largest sites worldwide, located in
Belgium (Hoboken and Olen)
o We are going for zero GHG emissions by 2035.
Introducing Umicore 2021 - Public use 25
Renewable energy
26. Environmental footprint of the battery value chain
o LCA is a valuable tool to identify environmental hotspots within the battery life
cycle but is a complex exercise and can be challenging to compare and
communicate the results.
o The lack of quality process data and lack of standards specific to the battery
industry contribute to the challenges of bringing LCA to the battery value
chain.
o The LCA for cathode material production reveals that one of the main
contributing factors to global warming potential are the impacts related to
electricity generation.
o Umicore is serious about implementing LCA into its business and thus uses
results from its LCA efforts to set newly minted climate targets and will apply
those to our Battery Recycling Solutions activities.
Introducing Umicore 2020 26
Life cycle assessment (LCA) as a measurement tool
27. o Umicore is a materials technology company which manufactures cathode
chemistries for rechargeable battery materials.
o As a participant in the pilot PEF, Umicore helped define an auditable,
enforceable, environmental evaluation metric that could be applied generally
to battery products sold in the EU. Since global warming due to CO2
emissions has been identified as an important impact category, the abatement
of the CO2 is the primary focus. One of the largest contributors to CO2
emissions for cathode material manufacturing stems from the need for
intensive energy use; thus, the electricity grid mix is a big factor in determining
the environmental footprint of cathode materials. Based on this
understanding, Umicore has decided to use 100% green electricity to power
its cathode materials production plant in Europe
LCA in practice for the cathode industry
Umicore Rechargeable Battery Materials
27
28. o Umicore focuses on building a sustainable, closed-loop approach to cathode
material production by heavily emphasizing activities such as recycling,
responsible sourcing of raw materials, leveraging block chain technologies, as
well as conducting environmental assessments. Therefore, Umicore has set
newly minted climate targets and will go for net zero greenhouse gas
emissions in scope 1 and 2 by 2035. LCA will be a valuable tool to help
measure how close we are to that target when also scope 3 emissions, that is,
those related to activities outside the company boundaries, are included.
o The process of assessing environmental impacts requires sophisticated
political, technical, and industrial alignment. Moreover, LCA must contain
harmonized rules and methodologies for the calculation of claimed low carbon
solutions. As there is a need for the battery industry to develop a reference
point of sustainability, the implications of performing proper LCAs for the EV
supply chain are rife with challenges but not taking the time to perform proper
assessments is also not an option.
Summary
Umicore’s closed loop approach and new sustainability targets
28
30. Addendum 1
What is LCA and why does it matter?
Introducing Umicore 2020 30
Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and electric
vehicles (EV’s) are routinely evaluated in terms of
environmental performance. Many journalists have
speculated that EV’s may not be as environmentally
friendly as initially perceived. This begs a host of questions:
on what grounds? Says who? Validated by whom
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a standardized, science-
based tool used to demonstrate the environmental
friendliness of a given system or product. LCA takes into
account all phases of the product’s life cycle, including
direct and indirect emissions, looks at inputs and outputs
for each phase, and converts them into an environmental
impact. LCA was first employed in 1969 and has been used
by various industry associations since, thereby providing
LCA practitioners with some reliable environmental impact
data. Thus, LCA and at the very least — greenhouse gas
accounting — is not something new to industry in general
In the 1890s, Rudolph Diesel’s namesake engine was
hailed as a technological marvel and praised for its
claims of reduced CO2 emissions. Today, these diesel
engines are being phased out due to their hazardous
NOx emissions and particulate matter. Had there been
a comprehensive environmental assessment, these
risks could have been identified earlier, eliminating
misguided transitions.
In the development of new technologies, there has
historically been an inclination to prioritize technical
and short-term economic considerations over the
environment. Clearly, the lack of proper assessments
might have contributed to disastrous effects on our
planet. Therefore, it is important to conduct LCAs to
understand the environmental implications of mobility
applications throughout their life cycle. The use of LCA
in the battery value chain could provide a level-playing
field if the LCA rules are clear and transparent.
31. Addendum 2
What is LCA and why does it matter?
31
Introducing Umicore 2020
32. • There are many LCA challenges to be found in the battery industry. The quality and
comprehensiveness of the input data are critical to the final results. Many LCA
publications rely on old databases and secondary data that are aggregated or have
conflicting or incomplete system boundaries. The definition of the scope and
boundaries is very important in LCA and the results can only be compared if the same
definition is applied to each case. Moreover, the choice of the database and impact
assessment can also lead to differences in results. Thus, two LCA studies analyzing
the same product or material could sometimes be as different as comparing apples
to donuts. Conflicting results call the conclusions into question. Tracing the factors
behinds these differences is not so straightforward and more guidance is needed to
grapple with these results. Based on some of these examples, it is clear that the LCA
results can be conflicting, and that there are risks associated with using one set of
assumptions over another.
Addendum 3
Challenges of LCA: Data Availability, Consistent Scope and System
Boundaries and Communication of Results
32
33. • In Europe, a project is in place to use LCA as a basis for environmental labelling for products sold on the EU
market. This project is called: Product Environmental Footprint, or PEF. The PEF rules aim to provide instructions
for conducting a proper LCA of a particular product. By entering some primary and activity data for your product,
one should be able to generate PEF compatible results.
• In October 2013, the European Commission launched the PEF/OEF pilot project (Product/Organization
Environmental Footprint) in order to define a reference methodology for environmental impact assessment, based
on the life cycle assessment approach. This was coupled with the idea to harmonize environmental labels for
products to help consumers make educated choices so that consumers could make educated choices. There
were 24 PEF pilots ranging from laundry detergents to batteries, each with PEF Category Rules on how to
measure the life cycle environmental performance of the product category. The expectation is that PEF would be
integrated in environmental policies.
• While the pilot PEF provided a basic framework for a harmonized and more transparent environmental impact
assessment of products, this methodology still requires many improvements before it can become a fully-fledged
evaluation method. For instance, PEF uses proxies and some steps are incompletely covered. For instance,
missing data are replaced by proxies that, by definition, imperfectly reflect the real data and similarly the real
impact. Missing data may relate to complex components or even entire steps in the life cycle. The primary
objective of the batteries PEF is to encourage the battery industry to bring out its measuring stick. The first step of
the PEF roll-out would be for battery or battery material producers to simply apply the methodology and record the
results. The next step would then be to set a baseline reference for each product.
Addendum 4
LCA as a policy tool
33
Editor's Notes
In this presentation we explain what makes Umicore unique for our stakeholders: our foundations, our unique position in clean mobility and recycling, our strategic ambitions, our sustainability approach, our strong commitment to innovation and our solid financial structure.
To give you an idea of the things we do and where our products and services make a difference here are three examples:
Unique business model
Our closed-loop business model is a powerful differentiator, and it will continue to be the basis on which we carry out our business and the basis on which we build our strategy. It is designed to deliver positive environmental impact in parallel with economic value creation.
Industry leader in sustainability
Our pioneering approach to sustainability is also a factor of distinction for Umicore and a true differentiator. Clearly, one of the areas in which we distinguish ourselves the most is the supply of raw materials. We are pioneers in ethical supply and were the first company in the battery value chain to offer materials which are certified by an independent third party as coming from an ethical source. In order to continue to be successful as a company and continue to be a sustainability leader in our industry, we have to raise the bar and have to be bolder and broader, we have to act faster and be better. By this we mean net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2035.
The three megatrends that support our businesses are more solid than ever:
1/ metals are becoming more and more scarce. Demand continues to increase, with metals providing the functionalities for many of the applications that are essential in the modern world. At the same time metals are becoming more difficult to extract as ore bodies are become depleted.
2/ The need for cleaner air quality is also a powerful trend. Around the world, particularly in the cities and towns, there is a demand for harmful pollutants in the air to be removed or reduced.
3/ The electrification trend: A few years ago there were some question marks about the move to electric or electrified vehicles or electrified transportation. Today, the question is not about whether it will happen, the question is about how fast it will take place.
Why are these trends particularly relevant for Umicore? Because we have competencies and technologies to address these trends and be a part of the solution to these environmental and societal problems. Providing solutions to these megatrends are the core of our strategy and form the basis of our growth ambitions.
In clean mobility materials, Umicore is unique. Umicore is the only materials technology company that provides a full offering to support the roadmap towards ever cleaner vehicles.
1/ We provide automotive catalysts to clean the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles and for all fuel types.
2/ Umicore also provides cathode materials for electric vehicles
3/ We produce the catalysts that are used in fuel cell driven vehicles.
4/ And last but not least, the combination of automotive catalysts and cathode materials power hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles….
Umicore is also the only player that has the capability of recycling all these materials and components of the drivetrain when they reach end of life in a sustainable closed loop.
We have established strong positions in all these areas over the years and we have invested massively for future
Umicore’s closed loop business model is based on our competence and uniqueness in recycling. Today, we can recover over 20 different metals, offering the highest metal yields.
We offer recycling services to customers in our product businesses: we can recycle the customers’ residues and production scrap in order to help them maximize their efficiency and we then transform the recovered materials into new products
Additionally, we also address the most complex residue streams: from industrial residues from the smelting industry to recyclables such as end-of-life electronic scrap (printed circuit boards and old mobile phones) as well as spent industrial catalysts and automotive catalysts. We also have a battery recycling pilot plant under incubation phase and looking into commercial opportunities at the end of this decade.
This business is centered in our recycling facility in Hoboken (Belgium) and recovers 17 precious and other valuable metals from over 200 complex residue streams. The metallurgy used in this plant is found nowhere else and makes Umicore the most flexible and advanced metals recycler on the planet.
We are further leveraging Umicore’s leadership in closed loop solutions for customers
Umicore has a unique value chain integration (blue sections) and we apply “The Umicore Way”, which is the cornerstone of everything we do:
- our overall commitment to the principles of sustainable development - not only for our people but also covers our relationships with all our stakeholders.
We start by ensuring sustainable sourcing or feed our process with recycled materials from our own smelters and refiners. Our innovative state-of-the art (recycling) plants with the highest environmental standards may recover high percentage yields of non-ferrous metals which are then supplied to our production processes. Through our know-how we produce best in class materials technology and product quality (e.g. battery cathode materials) which are then supplied to our customers covering different technology applications for mobility.
Once materials reach end-of-life and supplied to us, the loop starts again and again, which also applies to intermediates and production scrap created along the value chain.
Umicore’s overriding goal of sustainable value creation is based on an ambition to develop, produce and recycle materials in a way that fulfils its mission: materials for a better life.
We want to build on the progress that we’ve made in the past 20 years.
Our biggest impact on society comes from our products & services. We reduce harmful emissions, power the vehicles and technologies of the future, and give new life to used metals.
Our products have prevented hundreds of million tons of harmful pollutants from being emitted into the air. Our recycling business enables many customers to reduce the use of primary materials and address the global challenge of resource scarcity. We set new industry benchmarks through our technology and innovation to differentiate ourselves from the rest.
Overall we are well positioned with a clear leadership in clean mobility materials and recycling; and committed to reamain an industry leader in sustainabilit by setting new industry standards. This is based on our unique closed loop business model, our early leadership positions in key segments, a strong commitment to innovation and R&D as well as a solid financial structure which gives us the strength to fund our own growth plans.
ANIMATION (look in presentation mode)
In order to continue to be successful as a company and continue to be a sustainability leader in our industry, we have to raise the bar. We have to be bolder and broader, we have to act faster and be better.
We want to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2035;
We will increase diversity, be it gender, nationalities or in terms of personal background and ensure zero inequality;
We will introduce a new safety culture and increase the wellbeing to ensure zero harm. Zero harm also means caring for our neighbors and the environment around us.
We are going for zero.
Climate change requires action now and we have chosen not to leave it to the next generation to solve the issue. Therefore, we have worked out an aggressive roadmap to become carbon neutral by 2035.
With intermediate milestones of a 20% reduction to be already achieved by 2025 and a 50% reduction by 2030.
Part of our decarbonization ambitions also include working with our partners and formulating an ambitious scope 3 reduction target in 2022.
This gives you a global overview of where Umicore has its operations. The company has developed a truly global profile in the past 20 years with significant production presence close to our customers. Some of our production sites and R&D Technical centers are located on the same site but are counted as separate entities under our global presence figures.
Results in 2020:
In terms of financials Umicore generated revenues (ex. metals contained in our products) of € 3.2 billion in 2020 and achieved record earnings of € 536 million. Despite the severe disruption brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, Umicore posted its strongest financial performance ever, boosted also by an exceptional PGM price environment. This strong performance underscores the merits of Umicore’s complementary business activities.
Our R&D is fully aligned with our strategy of maintaining and expanding the scope of its open innovation strategy and continuous monitoring of technology trends. In 2020 R&D expenditures increased compared to 2019 reflecting higher R&D spend on new product and process technologies in Rechargeable Battery Materials.
In 2020 77% of the revenues came from clean mobility and recycling solutions and much of the rest (23%) came from solutions such as improving connectivity or reducing energy consumption
64% of the materials that we produce originate from end-of-life and secondary sources and our geographic footprint in terms of revenue generation mainly come from Asia-Pacific and Europe.
our battery recycling expertise and long-standing competences in hydro- and pyrometallurgy recycling processes place Umicore in a unique position to meet the needs of automotive manufacturers and the wider EV supply chain
New Business Unit
After intensive research and piloting activities, our latest generation and proprietary recycling technology is ready to come on stream.