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Unit 4: Feudalism

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Feudalism emerged in Europe in the 9th century after the fall of the Carolingian Empire. Kings granted lands and authority to nobles in exchange for military support. This led to the rise of a feudal system where society was divided into estates. Nobles received fiefs divided into demesne and holdings. Peasants lived on these lands and paid rents and taxes. Feudal relationships were based on oaths of loyalty between lords and vassals. Feudalism shaped politics, society, and the arts during the Middle Ages in Europe.

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Unit 4:Feudalism
1) Draw a concept map of the unit.
Feudalism is a political, economic and social system that appeared in Europe after the death of Charlemagne in the 9th century (IX century) 2) What and when? (What is it and when did it appear?) 3) Why did it appear? It appeared because of: The internal fights that took place in the Carolingian empire. The attacks of the Vikings (from the north) The attacks of the Magyars (from Asia and Central Europe) The attacks of the Barbary pirates (from the south)
Unit 4: Feudalism
Unit 4: Feudalism
Batalla Meseburgo o de Riade (933). La caballería del rey Enrique derrota a los magiares: 1 jefe magiar; 2 jinete germano; 3 jinete lotaroingio; 4 jinete provenzal; 5 jinete bábaro. Autor Wayne Reynolds
Barbary pirates (piratas berberiscos)
Vicious circle of feudalism Weak monarchs Monarchs asked for help to nobles and their private armies Nobles received in exchange fiefdoms (land and power) Creation of feudalism Nobles became more powerful The origin of Feudalis m
Kings asked for military help to the local nobles who in exchange received lands and power. As a consequence, nobles became more powerful and kings weaker. 4) In what consisted feudalism? 5) What was a fiefdom? The fiefdom was a large territory that was given by the King to the Lords. The Lords were the main authority, they collected taxes and imparted justice. (Extra Inf: the fiefdoms were the centre of the economic activity).
The two parts were: The demesne: this was the land owned directly by the lord. It was near the castle. It usually had farmlands and a forest. Serfs worked here. The holdings: they were lands that the lord rented out to peasants. Free peasants worked these lands in exchange of part of the harvest and personal labour. 6) In what two parts was the fiefdom divided?
• The lord received taxes from renting the lands. It usually was a part of the harvest. • He also received personal labour as part of that rent. • He also received taxes for using the mill, the oven, the bridges, the forest, the prairies, the press … Extra inf: what taxes and rents did the Lord collect from the fiefdom?
 Extra activity: Draw a map of a fiefdom.  It must include the main elements, (castle, demesne, holding, forest, prairies, farmland, village, church, mill, oven, press, bridge…)
Feudal Society
Feudal society was divided in estates. An estate (estamento) was a social group that was determined by birth, except for the clergy (clero). There were three social groups that were: • Nobility: who fought and defended the feudal society. • Clergy: who prayed for the salvation of humanity. • Commoners or third estate or villains: who worked for maintaining the other two estates. 7) Explain the main characteristics of the feudal society.
The privileged groups were the nobility and clergy. They owned the land, they didn’t pay taxes and they had access to certain political positions. 8) Who were the privileged groups and what were their privileges?
Nobility
Tournament or Joust
It is a relationship between a King (or a lord) and a vassal (only nobles). This relationship is confirmed through a ceremony called homage ceremony. 9) Explain the king-vassal relationship Nobility Extra inf: • The vassal promised to give the King (or lord) military help. • The King (or the lord) gave to the vassal a fiefdom (that will provide sustenance)
Feudal Relations LORD VASSAL economic aid counsel military protection legal defence sustenance military aid
Nobles Hierarchy • King • Duke • Marquess • Earl • Viscount • Baron • Knight
The homage ceremony was a official ceremony that was composed of two parts (homenaje e investidura):  The act of homage: the vassal knelt before the King (or lord) and he placed his hands into those of the king (or lord) and accepted to be his vassal.  The investiture: The king (or lord) gave to the vassal a symbol that represented the fiefdom that he had granted to him. Homage ceremony(extra inform.)
Unit 4: Feudalism
Don’t forget to mention the following elements: • Keep or homage tower (torre de homenaje) • Towers (torres) • Moat (foso) • Bailey (patio de armas) • Well (pozo) • Stables, blacksmith, workshops… 10) Activity: Draw the floor plan of a castle.
 Higher clergy: they were the clergymen that held higher positions, such as the Pope, the cardinals, the bishops, the abbots and abbesses (abades y abadesas).  Lower clergy: they were the lesser clergy, like priests, monks and nuns, who lived in poverty. 11) Explain the two types of clergy that existed. Clergy Extra inf: • They usually lived in monasteries following a rule, that was a document that established their vows or obligations. • The most famous rule was the Benedictines (rule of Saint Benedict)
They wore black habits and took vows of poverty, obedience and celibacy. They were governed by the principles of “ora et labora”. 12) Tell me some characteristics of the Benedictines. It was a tax that the Church received from the commoners/peasants. It consisted of the tenth part of the harvest. 13) What was the tithe (diezmo)?
Unit 4: Feudalism
Unit 4: Feudalism
 Villeins or free peasants (villanos o campesinos libres): they were peasants that were free. They could live where they wanted and even leave the fiefdom if they wanted.  Serfs (siervos): they were peasants that were not free. They were tied (attached) to the land. They were not slaves because they couldn’t be sold or killed. The lord provided (owed) protection and justice. They transmitted their condition to their children. 14) Explain the two types of peasants that existed. Peasants
The king ruled with the Curia Regis (Curia Regia). It was a council or institution where the nobles and high clergy advised the king and helped him to govern. 15) Explain how the kingdom was ruled. Politics Extra inf: The monarchy was considered a sacred institution because the kings were chosen by God.
Artistic Legacy -Romanesque
Romanesque is an artistic style. It appeared in Europe in the 11th century and lasted till the 13th century. It received that name because it was inspired in Roman art. Because of that they used cut stone and the Roman arch (arco de medio punto) 16) Explain what is Romanesque, where it appeared and why it received that name. 17) Tell me some architectural elements. Some architectural elements are: Roman arch (arco de medio punto), buttresses (contrafuertes), barrel vaults (Bóveda de cañón), pillars (pilar), columns, towers, domes (Cúpula), windows…
Buttress Barrel vault Roman arch
18) Draw the floor plan of a cathedral
Unit 4: Feudalism
 The figures were unrealistic and inexpressive.  The figures don’t express feelings and communication.  They were also rigid and static.  They used bright colours  Eyes and hands were emphasized  The paintings and sculptures had an educational and religious purpose  There is no perspective, no backgrounds, no landscape.  They used the hierarchical perspective. 19) Explain some characteristics of Romanesque painting and sculpture
Christ Pantocrator. Fresco of San Clemente de Tahull
Virgen de Ger, Cataluña, siglo XII Cristo crucificado en majestad o Majestad Batlló
Pórtico del Paraíso, Catedral de Orense. (Relief in the main façade).

More Related Content

Unit 4: Feudalism

  • 2. 1) Draw a concept map of the unit.
  • 3. Feudalism is a political, economic and social system that appeared in Europe after the death of Charlemagne in the 9th century (IX century) 2) What and when? (What is it and when did it appear?) 3) Why did it appear? It appeared because of: The internal fights that took place in the Carolingian empire. The attacks of the Vikings (from the north) The attacks of the Magyars (from Asia and Central Europe) The attacks of the Barbary pirates (from the south)
  • 6. Batalla Meseburgo o de Riade (933). La caballería del rey Enrique derrota a los magiares: 1 jefe magiar; 2 jinete germano; 3 jinete lotaroingio; 4 jinete provenzal; 5 jinete bábaro. Autor Wayne Reynolds
  • 8. Vicious circle of feudalism Weak monarchs Monarchs asked for help to nobles and their private armies Nobles received in exchange fiefdoms (land and power) Creation of feudalism Nobles became more powerful The origin of Feudalis m
  • 9. Kings asked for military help to the local nobles who in exchange received lands and power. As a consequence, nobles became more powerful and kings weaker. 4) In what consisted feudalism? 5) What was a fiefdom? The fiefdom was a large territory that was given by the King to the Lords. The Lords were the main authority, they collected taxes and imparted justice. (Extra Inf: the fiefdoms were the centre of the economic activity).
  • 10. The two parts were: The demesne: this was the land owned directly by the lord. It was near the castle. It usually had farmlands and a forest. Serfs worked here. The holdings: they were lands that the lord rented out to peasants. Free peasants worked these lands in exchange of part of the harvest and personal labour. 6) In what two parts was the fiefdom divided?
  • 11. • The lord received taxes from renting the lands. It usually was a part of the harvest. • He also received personal labour as part of that rent. • He also received taxes for using the mill, the oven, the bridges, the forest, the prairies, the press … Extra inf: what taxes and rents did the Lord collect from the fiefdom?
  • 12.  Extra activity: Draw a map of a fiefdom.  It must include the main elements, (castle, demesne, holding, forest, prairies, farmland, village, church, mill, oven, press, bridge…)
  • 14. Feudal society was divided in estates. An estate (estamento) was a social group that was determined by birth, except for the clergy (clero). There were three social groups that were: • Nobility: who fought and defended the feudal society. • Clergy: who prayed for the salvation of humanity. • Commoners or third estate or villains: who worked for maintaining the other two estates. 7) Explain the main characteristics of the feudal society.
  • 15. The privileged groups were the nobility and clergy. They owned the land, they didn’t pay taxes and they had access to certain political positions. 8) Who were the privileged groups and what were their privileges?
  • 18. It is a relationship between a King (or a lord) and a vassal (only nobles). This relationship is confirmed through a ceremony called homage ceremony. 9) Explain the king-vassal relationship Nobility Extra inf: • The vassal promised to give the King (or lord) military help. • The King (or the lord) gave to the vassal a fiefdom (that will provide sustenance)
  • 20. Nobles Hierarchy • King • Duke • Marquess • Earl • Viscount • Baron • Knight
  • 21. The homage ceremony was a official ceremony that was composed of two parts (homenaje e investidura):  The act of homage: the vassal knelt before the King (or lord) and he placed his hands into those of the king (or lord) and accepted to be his vassal.  The investiture: The king (or lord) gave to the vassal a symbol that represented the fiefdom that he had granted to him. Homage ceremony(extra inform.)
  • 23. Don’t forget to mention the following elements: • Keep or homage tower (torre de homenaje) • Towers (torres) • Moat (foso) • Bailey (patio de armas) • Well (pozo) • Stables, blacksmith, workshops… 10) Activity: Draw the floor plan of a castle.
  • 24.  Higher clergy: they were the clergymen that held higher positions, such as the Pope, the cardinals, the bishops, the abbots and abbesses (abades y abadesas).  Lower clergy: they were the lesser clergy, like priests, monks and nuns, who lived in poverty. 11) Explain the two types of clergy that existed. Clergy Extra inf: • They usually lived in monasteries following a rule, that was a document that established their vows or obligations. • The most famous rule was the Benedictines (rule of Saint Benedict)
  • 25. They wore black habits and took vows of poverty, obedience and celibacy. They were governed by the principles of “ora et labora”. 12) Tell me some characteristics of the Benedictines. It was a tax that the Church received from the commoners/peasants. It consisted of the tenth part of the harvest. 13) What was the tithe (diezmo)?
  • 28.  Villeins or free peasants (villanos o campesinos libres): they were peasants that were free. They could live where they wanted and even leave the fiefdom if they wanted.  Serfs (siervos): they were peasants that were not free. They were tied (attached) to the land. They were not slaves because they couldn’t be sold or killed. The lord provided (owed) protection and justice. They transmitted their condition to their children. 14) Explain the two types of peasants that existed. Peasants
  • 29. The king ruled with the Curia Regis (Curia Regia). It was a council or institution where the nobles and high clergy advised the king and helped him to govern. 15) Explain how the kingdom was ruled. Politics Extra inf: The monarchy was considered a sacred institution because the kings were chosen by God.
  • 31. Romanesque is an artistic style. It appeared in Europe in the 11th century and lasted till the 13th century. It received that name because it was inspired in Roman art. Because of that they used cut stone and the Roman arch (arco de medio punto) 16) Explain what is Romanesque, where it appeared and why it received that name. 17) Tell me some architectural elements. Some architectural elements are: Roman arch (arco de medio punto), buttresses (contrafuertes), barrel vaults (Bóveda de cañón), pillars (pilar), columns, towers, domes (Cúpula), windows…
  • 33. 18) Draw the floor plan of a cathedral
  • 35.  The figures were unrealistic and inexpressive.  The figures don’t express feelings and communication.  They were also rigid and static.  They used bright colours  Eyes and hands were emphasized  The paintings and sculptures had an educational and religious purpose  There is no perspective, no backgrounds, no landscape.  They used the hierarchical perspective. 19) Explain some characteristics of Romanesque painting and sculpture
  • 36. Christ Pantocrator. Fresco of San Clemente de Tahull
  • 37. Virgen de Ger, Cataluña, siglo XII Cristo crucificado en majestad o Majestad Batlló
  • 38. Pórtico del Paraíso, Catedral de Orense. (Relief in the main façade).

Editor's Notes

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