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Unit3 goan vern arch

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benazirmohamedkhan

The architecture of Goa is a blend of Indian, Islamic, and Portuguese styles. Hindu houses show little Portuguese influence and have an inward-facing design centered around a courtyard, while Catholic houses from the 18th-20th centuries are more outward facing and ornamental, featuring balcões (covered porches). Portuguese rule encouraged the adoption of European designs, but houses combined these influences with local materials and styles. Windows, balcões, and facades increasingly became more decorative over time in both Hindu and Catholic homes. The result is a unique hybrid architecture across Goa.

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• Goa is India's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. • Located on the west coast of India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. • The historic city of Margao still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early 16th century as merchants and conquered it soon thereafter. • Goa is a former Portuguese colony, the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961Renowned for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture. • Goa is visited by hundreds of thousands of international and domestic tourists each year. It also has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 2
ARCHITECTURE OF GOA • The architecture of Goa is a combination of Indian, Islamic and Portuguese styles. • Since the Portuguese ruled for four centuries, many churches and houses bear a striking element of the Portuguese style of architecture. • Goan Hindu houses do not show any Portuguese influence, though the modern temple architecture is an amalgam of original Goan temple style with Dravidian, Hemadpanthi, Islamic, and Portuguese architecture. • The original Goan temple architecture fell into disuse as the temples were demolished by the Portuguese and the Sthapati known as Thavayi in Konkani were converted to Christianity though the wooden work and the Kavi murals can still be seen. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 3
DESIGN INFLUENCES The following factors affected house design in Goa: • Protecting oneself from the fierce monsoons was the basis of architectural form. • Portuguese rule allowed Goans to travel abroad; when they returned they brought with them ideas and influences from other countries. The Goan master builders executed these ideas using local building materials, making the Goan house a mixture and adaptation of design elements and influences from all over the world. • The architectural style of Portuguese-built churches. • The European lifestyle was encouraged in an attempt to separate newly converted Goan Christians from their cultural roots. They adopted a European outlook but did not cut themselves off from their Indian roots completely. The resulting cultural fusion affected the house design. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 4
• The traditional pre-Portuguese homes were inward-looking with small windows; this reflected the secluded role of women. • The houses opened into courtyards, and rarely opened onto streets. • The Catholic houses built or refurbish between the middle of the 18th and the 20th centuries were more outward- • These balcões are bordered by looking and ornamental, with balcões ornamental columns that sometimes (covered porches) and verandas facing continued along the steps and added to the street. the stature of the house. • The large balcões had built-in seating, • This, together with the plinth, which open to the street, where men and usually indicated the status of the women could sit together and ‘see and owners. The houses of rich landlords be seen’, chat with their neighbours, or had high plinths with grand staircases just enjoy the evening breeze. leading to the front door or balcão. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 5
• The traditional pre-Portuguese homes were inward-looking with small windows; this reflected the secluded role of women. • The houses opened into courtyards, and rarely opened onto streets. • The Catholic houses built or refurbish between the middle of the 18th and the 20th centuries were more outward- • These balcões are bordered by looking and ornamental, with balcões ornamental columns that sometimes (covered porches) and verandas facing continued along the steps and added to the street. the stature of the house. • The large balcões had built-in seating, • This, together with the plinth, which open to the street, where men and usually indicated the status of the women could sit together and ‘see and owners. The houses of rich landlords be seen’, chat with their neighbours, or had high plinths with grand staircases just enjoy the evening breeze. leading to the front door or balcão. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 6
• BALCAOS are porches with seats built into the sides. • Balcaos are commonly found in Goan houses and generally understood to be dating from the time Goa came under Portuguese rule, and in the years after. Alternately, a balcao is a wide veranda running along the front of the house and occasionally along its sides and at the back; seats are built into the sides where the front entrance opens out on the street outside. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 7
WINDOWS • Large ornamental windows with stucco mouldings open onto verandas. • These may appear purely decorative, but have their origins in similar mouldings in the windows of Portuguese houses. • The design is therefore an import but serves a similar purpose in Goa: to help construct the identity of the home. • Windows gradually became more decorative, ornate, and expressive. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 8
• Front doors were flanked by columns or pilasters. • Railings were the most intricate embellishment in a Goan house. • Pillars, piers, and colours do not seem to be influenced by any style in particular; rather they conform to a rather mixed architectural styles. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 9
The interiors have a high ceiling Well Typical rooster motifs on rooftops The Typical courtyard Kothar - Store room Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 10
A Typical goan street abutted both sides by houses Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 11
Entrances to Goan Houses Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 12
Types of Windows in Goan Houses Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 13
Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 14
GOAN HOUSES HINDU HOUSES CHRISTIAN HOUSES • Style : Indo Portuguese Style • Porch (balcao), • Internal courtyard with rooms built • Tall European style columns around it. • Building Materials : Laterite stones, • Materials :Baked Clay tiles, Laterite Local bricks & Mangalore tiles. • Windows With Wooden Frames Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 15
• Ancestral Hindu houses in the town are plain, closed structures which conceal the illustrious tradition of the inhabitants. • The goan Hindu Architectural style is different from the Portuguese-influenced style. • Hindu houses have little colonial influence. • A step or two lead into quiet entrances, with small windows opening out on to the street. • The house reveals its beauty only indoors – rooms converge on to the courtyard with ‘Chowkis’ which is the centre of family activity; a protective and private space. • Column and their brackets are pre-Portugese features that depict the progression of the architectural style in ornateness and refinement. 'The Chowki' Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 16
TRADITIONAL HINDU HOUSE • Rectangular in plan • Single storey • Central courtyard with tulsi maadam • Central entrance has a verandah • The rooms are arranged around a central pillared courtyard A typical Hindu home is low-scaled with a low plinth, a small seating porch with short bulbous columns and a loft like upper floor with windows. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 17
Goan traditional Hindu houses have the following features: • A courtyard called as Rajangan, where a Tulsi Vrindavan is seen. • Chowki- space next to the courtyard, where family activities take place – internal verandah • Deva kood - a place for prayers and ther rituals. • A hall specially meant for celebrating Ganeshotsav. • Raanchi kood - a kitchen with a door which is • Soppo -space used for relaxing. called Magil daar • Saal - a hall • Balantin kood -A room special for pregnant and • Kothar - store room nursing mothers. • Vasri - Dining Hall • Manne - Bathrooms located next to the well. • Gotho - Goshala Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 18
Traditional Kitchen Traditional Hindu A typical Village Hindu House motifs on jalis Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 19
USE OF COLOUR CORNICES • Dramatic and startling colour— • Country tiles used as a corbel are a initially achieved with vegetable and feature peculiar to Goa. natural dyes—plays an important • The effect achieved is aesthetically role in Goan architecture. pleasing, giving the roof projection a • Colour was decorative and used solid, moulded appearance. purely to create a sensation INTERIORS • Painting on walls • Walls up to dado height finished with glazed tiles • Floral pattern below the cornice Floral painted tiles adorn the doorways to the houses Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 20
CHRISTIAN HOUSES • The Portuguese imprint on the already strong architectural identity of Goa created a unique amalgam, unmatched in edifices across the world. • The arrival of the Portuguese brought foreign influences and opportunities for Goans to travel. • The contours and colours of the houses began to change. • Goans who embraced Christianity sought new identities, and their houses were one facet of cultural expression. • Houses acquired ‘balcaos’ (sit-outs facing the street) with built-in seating at the entrance of the houses. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 21
• Columns line the balcaos, and large, • Gateways to the houses were lofty and ornamental windows with varying elegant in the 18th century later they designs helped sailors spot their were replaced by towering gateways. houses as they sailed into port. • Railings were the most intricate • The rich tropical colours of these embellishment in a Goan house. edifices add a wealth of character to • Pillars, piers and colours do not seem to Goan architecture. be influenced by any style in particular. • Only churches and chapels were • Windows gradually become more allowed to remain white, and the law decorative, ornate and expressive. required other buildings to sport a • Almost all Goan houses have a false colour. ceiling of wood. • The houses thus were painted deep • The Kitchen in Goan house was at the ochre, sapphire and claret. fartherest end of the house. • The facade of most houses was symmetrical with the entrance door occupying the place of honour. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 22
• The broad elements of Goan houses result form a mixture of Indian and Portuguese styles. • Homes that are Portuguese in origin are usually two-storeyed and façade oriented; Whereas those of Indian origin are single-storeyed with a traditional courtyard based orientation. • Between the two also, there is wonderful mixing and marrying of ideas, resulting in nuanced, hybrid architecture that is both impressive and inspiring- for example the two- storeyed house in which the top story is functional while the ground floor is merely ornamental. • It was Portuguese custom to segregate the lower storey of the house for the household staff and retainers. • Since in the Hindu home the servant quarters were typically located at the back of the house, this bottom storey became shorter, until it reduced to an ornamental high- platform in time, adorned with decorative arches, pilasters and colonettes. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 23
• The upper class Goan aristocrats sought to emulate and even surpass the grandeur of the residences of their Portuguese counterparts. • The examples of this trend are many- The practice of building grand staircases in the entrance halls, many windowed facades; busts of classical Renaissance figures in the pediments of façade windows, grand dance halls as a focal point of the Baroque style staircase home. • Other interesting and unique aspects of the houses one will encounter in the state are the use of locally available building material such as laterite stone, which make for sturdy and durable structures. Many windowed Facades Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 24
• Additionally, in many homes, readily available mother-of-pearl is used to line window shutters. • The window shutters are particularly enchanting. • In the early days of Portuguese rule, only churches and other religious structures were permitted to use white to color their exteriors. • The domestic residential structures automatically adopted bold and sensational colors subsequently achieved with the use of vegetable and natural dyes in the past. House with a High-seat Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 25
Window shutters lined with pearlescent capiz shells & mother of pearl. Interior of the Christian House – use of arches–Portuguese influence Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 26

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Unit3 goan vern arch

  • 1. 1
  • 2. • Goa is India's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. • Located on the west coast of India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. • The historic city of Margao still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early 16th century as merchants and conquered it soon thereafter. • Goa is a former Portuguese colony, the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961Renowned for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture. • Goa is visited by hundreds of thousands of international and domestic tourists each year. It also has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 2
  • 3. ARCHITECTURE OF GOA • The architecture of Goa is a combination of Indian, Islamic and Portuguese styles. • Since the Portuguese ruled for four centuries, many churches and houses bear a striking element of the Portuguese style of architecture. • Goan Hindu houses do not show any Portuguese influence, though the modern temple architecture is an amalgam of original Goan temple style with Dravidian, Hemadpanthi, Islamic, and Portuguese architecture. • The original Goan temple architecture fell into disuse as the temples were demolished by the Portuguese and the Sthapati known as Thavayi in Konkani were converted to Christianity though the wooden work and the Kavi murals can still be seen. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 3
  • 4. DESIGN INFLUENCES The following factors affected house design in Goa: • Protecting oneself from the fierce monsoons was the basis of architectural form. • Portuguese rule allowed Goans to travel abroad; when they returned they brought with them ideas and influences from other countries. The Goan master builders executed these ideas using local building materials, making the Goan house a mixture and adaptation of design elements and influences from all over the world. • The architectural style of Portuguese-built churches. • The European lifestyle was encouraged in an attempt to separate newly converted Goan Christians from their cultural roots. They adopted a European outlook but did not cut themselves off from their Indian roots completely. The resulting cultural fusion affected the house design. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 4
  • 5. • The traditional pre-Portuguese homes were inward-looking with small windows; this reflected the secluded role of women. • The houses opened into courtyards, and rarely opened onto streets. • The Catholic houses built or refurbish between the middle of the 18th and the 20th centuries were more outward- • These balcões are bordered by looking and ornamental, with balcões ornamental columns that sometimes (covered porches) and verandas facing continued along the steps and added to the street. the stature of the house. • The large balcões had built-in seating, • This, together with the plinth, which open to the street, where men and usually indicated the status of the women could sit together and ‘see and owners. The houses of rich landlords be seen’, chat with their neighbours, or had high plinths with grand staircases just enjoy the evening breeze. leading to the front door or balcão. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 5
  • 6. • The traditional pre-Portuguese homes were inward-looking with small windows; this reflected the secluded role of women. • The houses opened into courtyards, and rarely opened onto streets. • The Catholic houses built or refurbish between the middle of the 18th and the 20th centuries were more outward- • These balcões are bordered by looking and ornamental, with balcões ornamental columns that sometimes (covered porches) and verandas facing continued along the steps and added to the street. the stature of the house. • The large balcões had built-in seating, • This, together with the plinth, which open to the street, where men and usually indicated the status of the women could sit together and ‘see and owners. The houses of rich landlords be seen’, chat with their neighbours, or had high plinths with grand staircases just enjoy the evening breeze. leading to the front door or balcão. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 6
  • 7. • BALCAOS are porches with seats built into the sides. • Balcaos are commonly found in Goan houses and generally understood to be dating from the time Goa came under Portuguese rule, and in the years after. Alternately, a balcao is a wide veranda running along the front of the house and occasionally along its sides and at the back; seats are built into the sides where the front entrance opens out on the street outside. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 7
  • 8. WINDOWS • Large ornamental windows with stucco mouldings open onto verandas. • These may appear purely decorative, but have their origins in similar mouldings in the windows of Portuguese houses. • The design is therefore an import but serves a similar purpose in Goa: to help construct the identity of the home. • Windows gradually became more decorative, ornate, and expressive. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 8
  • 9. • Front doors were flanked by columns or pilasters. • Railings were the most intricate embellishment in a Goan house. • Pillars, piers, and colours do not seem to be influenced by any style in particular; rather they conform to a rather mixed architectural styles. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 9
  • 10. The interiors have a high ceiling Well Typical rooster motifs on rooftops The Typical courtyard Kothar - Store room Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 10
  • 11. A Typical goan street abutted both sides by houses Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 11
  • 12. Entrances to Goan Houses Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 12
  • 13. Types of Windows in Goan Houses Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 13
  • 15. GOAN HOUSES HINDU HOUSES CHRISTIAN HOUSES • Style : Indo Portuguese Style • Porch (balcao), • Internal courtyard with rooms built • Tall European style columns around it. • Building Materials : Laterite stones, • Materials :Baked Clay tiles, Laterite Local bricks & Mangalore tiles. • Windows With Wooden Frames Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 15
  • 16. • Ancestral Hindu houses in the town are plain, closed structures which conceal the illustrious tradition of the inhabitants. • The goan Hindu Architectural style is different from the Portuguese-influenced style. • Hindu houses have little colonial influence. • A step or two lead into quiet entrances, with small windows opening out on to the street. • The house reveals its beauty only indoors – rooms converge on to the courtyard with ‘Chowkis’ which is the centre of family activity; a protective and private space. • Column and their brackets are pre-Portugese features that depict the progression of the architectural style in ornateness and refinement. 'The Chowki' Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 16
  • 17. TRADITIONAL HINDU HOUSE • Rectangular in plan • Single storey • Central courtyard with tulsi maadam • Central entrance has a verandah • The rooms are arranged around a central pillared courtyard A typical Hindu home is low-scaled with a low plinth, a small seating porch with short bulbous columns and a loft like upper floor with windows. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 17
  • 18. Goan traditional Hindu houses have the following features: • A courtyard called as Rajangan, where a Tulsi Vrindavan is seen. • Chowki- space next to the courtyard, where family activities take place – internal verandah • Deva kood - a place for prayers and ther rituals. • A hall specially meant for celebrating Ganeshotsav. • Raanchi kood - a kitchen with a door which is • Soppo -space used for relaxing. called Magil daar • Saal - a hall • Balantin kood -A room special for pregnant and • Kothar - store room nursing mothers. • Vasri - Dining Hall • Manne - Bathrooms located next to the well. • Gotho - Goshala Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 18
  • 19. Traditional Kitchen Traditional Hindu A typical Village Hindu House motifs on jalis Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 19
  • 20. USE OF COLOUR CORNICES • Dramatic and startling colour— • Country tiles used as a corbel are a initially achieved with vegetable and feature peculiar to Goa. natural dyes—plays an important • The effect achieved is aesthetically role in Goan architecture. pleasing, giving the roof projection a • Colour was decorative and used solid, moulded appearance. purely to create a sensation INTERIORS • Painting on walls • Walls up to dado height finished with glazed tiles • Floral pattern below the cornice Floral painted tiles adorn the doorways to the houses Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 20
  • 21. CHRISTIAN HOUSES • The Portuguese imprint on the already strong architectural identity of Goa created a unique amalgam, unmatched in edifices across the world. • The arrival of the Portuguese brought foreign influences and opportunities for Goans to travel. • The contours and colours of the houses began to change. • Goans who embraced Christianity sought new identities, and their houses were one facet of cultural expression. • Houses acquired ‘balcaos’ (sit-outs facing the street) with built-in seating at the entrance of the houses. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 21
  • 22. • Columns line the balcaos, and large, • Gateways to the houses were lofty and ornamental windows with varying elegant in the 18th century later they designs helped sailors spot their were replaced by towering gateways. houses as they sailed into port. • Railings were the most intricate • The rich tropical colours of these embellishment in a Goan house. edifices add a wealth of character to • Pillars, piers and colours do not seem to Goan architecture. be influenced by any style in particular. • Only churches and chapels were • Windows gradually become more allowed to remain white, and the law decorative, ornate and expressive. required other buildings to sport a • Almost all Goan houses have a false colour. ceiling of wood. • The houses thus were painted deep • The Kitchen in Goan house was at the ochre, sapphire and claret. fartherest end of the house. • The facade of most houses was symmetrical with the entrance door occupying the place of honour. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 22
  • 23. • The broad elements of Goan houses result form a mixture of Indian and Portuguese styles. • Homes that are Portuguese in origin are usually two-storeyed and façade oriented; Whereas those of Indian origin are single-storeyed with a traditional courtyard based orientation. • Between the two also, there is wonderful mixing and marrying of ideas, resulting in nuanced, hybrid architecture that is both impressive and inspiring- for example the two- storeyed house in which the top story is functional while the ground floor is merely ornamental. • It was Portuguese custom to segregate the lower storey of the house for the household staff and retainers. • Since in the Hindu home the servant quarters were typically located at the back of the house, this bottom storey became shorter, until it reduced to an ornamental high- platform in time, adorned with decorative arches, pilasters and colonettes. Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 23
  • 24. • The upper class Goan aristocrats sought to emulate and even surpass the grandeur of the residences of their Portuguese counterparts. • The examples of this trend are many- The practice of building grand staircases in the entrance halls, many windowed facades; busts of classical Renaissance figures in the pediments of façade windows, grand dance halls as a focal point of the Baroque style staircase home. • Other interesting and unique aspects of the houses one will encounter in the state are the use of locally available building material such as laterite stone, which make for sturdy and durable structures. Many windowed Facades Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 24
  • 25. • Additionally, in many homes, readily available mother-of-pearl is used to line window shutters. • The window shutters are particularly enchanting. • In the early days of Portuguese rule, only churches and other religious structures were permitted to use white to color their exteriors. • The domestic residential structures automatically adopted bold and sensational colors subsequently achieved with the use of vegetable and natural dyes in the past. House with a High-seat Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 25
  • 26. Window shutters lined with pearlescent capiz shells & mother of pearl. Interior of the Christian House – use of arches–Portuguese influence Vernacular Architecture Of Goa 26