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Usman

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Usman Khawaja

Soil erosion has significant on-site and off-site impacts. On-site, it causes (1) losses of water, fertilizers, and pesticides for farmers, reducing immediate production by 2-50% and long-term productivity over time; (2) loss of arable land at rates up to 10 million hectares per year globally. Off-site, soil erosion (1) deteriorates water quality through pollution, silting, and higher drinking water costs, (2) causes flooding through mud flows and damaged infrastructure, and (3) increases peak river flows that can destroy bridges and structures.

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Usman
On-site & Off site impact of soil erosion by Muhammad Usman BAGF14E256
On-site losses in eroded areas:  Affecting farmers: 1. Losses of water, fertilizers and pesticides 2. Immediate production loss - in regional terms: 2 to 10%: compensation possible through inputs - in local terms: 2 to 50% individual disaster = loss of profit margin Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
Cont.. 3. Loss of arable land - in world terms: 7 to 10 million ha per year - in regional terms: 2 to 5% - in individual farm terms: as much as 20 to 100% - It would take 200 years to destroy all arable land Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
Cont.. 4. Long-term productivity loss = SOIL MEMORY - Reduced depth of topsoil - Reduced water and nutrient storage - Reduced effectiveness of rain and inputs - Reduced economic viability = soil depletion Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
Off-site impacts:  Affecting townspeople: 1. Deterioration in water quality: pollution of rivers, death of fish, silting up of reservoirs 2. Increase in suspended load (SL) higher costs for drinking water Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
Cont.. 3. Flooding of inhabited areas: mud flows, sanded up ditches 4. Rise in peak flows of rivers: destruction of structural works, bridges, etc. 5. Eutrofication Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
Cont…..  Water erosion’s main off-site effect is the movement of sediments and agriculture pollutants into watercourses. This can lead to the silting-up of dams, disruption of the ecosystems of lakes, and contamination of drinking water . In some cases increase downstream flooding may also occur due to the reduce capacity of eroded soil to absorb water. Food and Agriculture organization of united nation

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Usman

  • 2. On-site & Off site impact of soil erosion by Muhammad Usman BAGF14E256
  • 3. On-site losses in eroded areas:  Affecting farmers: 1. Losses of water, fertilizers and pesticides 2. Immediate production loss - in regional terms: 2 to 10%: compensation possible through inputs - in local terms: 2 to 50% individual disaster = loss of profit margin Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
  • 4. Cont.. 3. Loss of arable land - in world terms: 7 to 10 million ha per year - in regional terms: 2 to 5% - in individual farm terms: as much as 20 to 100% - It would take 200 years to destroy all arable land Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
  • 5. Cont.. 4. Long-term productivity loss = SOIL MEMORY - Reduced depth of topsoil - Reduced water and nutrient storage - Reduced effectiveness of rain and inputs - Reduced economic viability = soil depletion Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
  • 6. Off-site impacts:  Affecting townspeople: 1. Deterioration in water quality: pollution of rivers, death of fish, silting up of reservoirs 2. Increase in suspended load (SL) higher costs for drinking water Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
  • 7. Cont.. 3. Flooding of inhabited areas: mud flows, sanded up ditches 4. Rise in peak flows of rivers: destruction of structural works, bridges, etc. 5. Eutrofication Food and Agriculture organization of united nation
  • 8. Cont…..  Water erosion’s main off-site effect is the movement of sediments and agriculture pollutants into watercourses. This can lead to the silting-up of dams, disruption of the ecosystems of lakes, and contamination of drinking water . In some cases increase downstream flooding may also occur due to the reduce capacity of eroded soil to absorb water. Food and Agriculture organization of united nation