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VE 10 Q2 Topic 2 We Consider the Possible Outcomes of Our Actions (Determinants)_.pdf

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Redgz Tapalla-Molidor
Redgz Tapalla-Molidor

This document discusses the determinants of human acts, which are the object, circumstances, and purpose of an act that determine whether it is morally good or evil. The object refers to what the act is, such as helping someone. The circumstances include details like who is involved, when it happened, and where. The purpose is the intention or reason for the act. Acts are judged based on all three determinants - an act could be good based on its object but made evil by a bad circumstance or purpose. Examples are provided to illustrate how analyzing these determinants can show the potential positive or negative outcomes of different actions.

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We Consider the Possible Outcomes of Our Actions
Determinants of Human Acts
Ms. Redgz Molidor South Lakes Integrated School Second Quarter, SY 2022-2023 Prepared by
● Explain the object, purpose, and circumstances (determinants) of human acts ● Examine the pros and cons of your decisions or actions in a situation based on the determinants of human acts ● Prove that the determinants of human acts determine the positive or negative outcome of your actions ● Determine the positive and negative outcome of your decision or action in a situation OBJECTIVES
The decisions that we make and the steps that we take could have a positive or a negative effect, not only on ourselves but also on other people. Because effect is inevitable, it is imperative that we examine our decisions and actions and try to evaluate them, preferably before they are executed. Doing so minimizes the chances of causing negative effects and maximizes the chances of causing positive ones, determining the moral quality of a human act.
Moral quality of human acts refers to the goodness or the wickedness of an act. It is based on norms inherent in the acts, or it can be based on observations made due to an individual or social conventional acceptance.
Example A poor student running for Latin honors was offered by his classmates a large amount of money in exchange of him making a cheat sheet for their final examination. What should the student do? Should he accept the offer because he is in need? Or stand for what he know is morally right?
How else can we determine the moral quality of a human act? What can help us determine the positive and negative effects of our actions?
Cause and Effect Everything that happens in our world has a cause and an effect. No matter how big or small our actions are, there will always be an equal response to them, and the things that are happening around us surely have explanations waiting to be discovered.
1. I was late for school because... 2. I picked up the baby because... 3. I did not follow the recipe correctly, so... 4. School was cancelled, so... 5. I took drum lessons from a professional drummer, so... 6. I never brush my teeth, so... 7. I almost crashed into a tree while biking because... 8. I had to mop the floor because... 9. I made a rude comment, so... 10. The light came on because... Complete the following statements below by providing either the cause or the effect. Identify which ones are the cause and the effect in the statements.
When the majority thinks a certain way, we tend to go along with their way of thinking to avoid attracting unnecessary attention to ourselves or to avoid backlash. Therefore, it takes a lot of courage to speak out and express ourselves, especially when we have a different view from the rest.
VE 10 Q2 Topic 2 We Consider the Possible Outcomes of Our Actions (Determinants)_.pdf
These were just examples of the numerous kind gestures done by people. Random acts of kindness are proof that human beings are capable of showing compassion to those who are in need of help. Their actions were done voluntarily, with full knowledge, and free will.
Human Acts which are voluntary and are brought about by the collaboration between the intellect and the will, can either be morally good or evil. Moral theologians came up with ways of determining the goodness and wickedness of our actions. These methods can also determine the positive and negative consequences of our actions. There are three determinants of the moral quality of our actions – object, circumstances, and purpose.
The human act must be based on REASON which is composed of two powers: Cognitive Power Intellect which permits humans to know and understand Appetitive Power Will which is the native desire for the understood good
Hence, a human act is an act that is done freely and with full knowledge. A human act responds to what is good, since, the goal of a human act is happiness. In this context, happiness is understood in terms of perfection and well-being.
DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN ACTS Object of an Act Refers to the act humans choose to do as commanded by their will 01 Circumstances of an Act Include the person involved, the time when the act was done, and the place where the act was done 02 03 In order for a human act to be justified as good or evil, it has to be subjected to three essential determinants. Actions are said to be morally good if all three dimensions are right. However, if any of the determinants is wrong, the action will then be considered as evil. Purpose of an Act (Intention) Refers to the reason why humans do certain actions
OBJECT OF AN ACT 01
Helping an old person cross the street, telling the truth, and defending the rights of a person The object of an act refers to the act humans choose to do as commanded by their will. For an act to be morally good, its object must also be good and pleasing to God. It must conform to the laws and commandments of God.
The object of an act has two components: material and formal. Material Component refers to the physical reality of an act Formal Component refers to the goodness that reason sees in the act
EXAMPLE 1: Blood Transfusion the act of ”transfusing" as determined by the object "blood” Reason sees this as a way of saving a person’s life. Based on the object of the act, blood transfusion is morally good, and as a consequence, it can save lives.
EXAMPLE 2: Scholarship the act of giving financial aid to help students Reason sees this as a way of doing good to others. And based on the object of the act, it is also morally good and as a consequence, can benefit others.
CIRCUMSTANCES OF AN ACT 02
The circumstances of an act include the person involved, the time when the act was done, and the place where the act was done. These circumstances can greatly affect the moral quality of an act. They can make a good action into an evil one or vice-versa.
The circumstances surrounding the human act cannot make the human act moral or immoral, but they may increase or decrease its degree of goodness or badness. It is important to consider the “gravity” or seriousness of an act before we can evaluate if it is right or wrong.
EXAMPLE A security guard deliberately goes to sleep despite being on duty. The person involved is a security guard. His job is to make sure that the place he is guarding is safe from burglars or other criminals. He decided to sleep during the time he is supposed to be working. He decided to sleep at his workplace. All of the circumstances say that the act done by the security guard is morally evil, and it can result to a number of negative consequences.
“The end DOES NOT justify the means.” The Machiavellian idea that “the end justifies the means” is NOT CORRECT. 1. Parents forcing their unmarried pregnant daughter to undergo an abortion so she can still have a “better future” is morally wrong. Abortion is murder of an innocent’s life, hence, intrinsically evil. 2. Cheating in order to pass an exam and to graduate from high school instead of repeating another year is wrong.
“The end DOES NOT justify the means.” Therefore, one cannot do an evil act because there is something supposedly good that will come from it.
PURPOSE OF AN ACT 03
The purpose or end of an act refers to the reason why humans do certain actions. Any human act – big or small – is done for a reason. For an act to be considered morally good, the doer of the action must have a good intention. There are actions that are evil because the motive behind doing them is also evil.
EXAMPLE 1: Acts like corruption and blasphemy
EXAMPLE 2: Drinking alcohol is not morally bad, but drinking to intoxicate oneself is.
EXAMPLE 2: Actions that are morally indifferent like walking and talking can become good or bad, depending on the intention of the doer. Taking a walk every morning to stalk and harass someone is morally evil. The consequences of these acts all depend on whether they are morally good or evil.
God gifted man with the world. Man should realize how blessed he is and think of ways on how he can take care of the world and his fellow human beings. This is why man is also gifted with intellect and free will, in order for his actions to be based on knowledge and freedom. Hence, to fully live, man must have the right motivation to act in such a way that it will benefit not only himself but also other people as well. Uplifting Realizations
PRUDENCE The ability to exercise caution and good judgment in making decisions and doing actions Value Focus
False Prudence refers to the vices of excess such as having excessive thought and concern about attaining power, wealth, position, beauty, or fame and using improper means to obtain them. Prudence is the relative mean between this and imprudence, which pertains to the vices of defeat, such as impetuosity, thoughtlessness inconstancy, and negligence.
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik. Thanks! Do you have any questions?
● Arete 10 Cultivating Filipino Values in the 21st Century ● Christian Living in Everyday Life 10 ● https://www.nyaprs.org/e-news- bulletins/2020/3/24/random-acts- of-kindness-during-the-coronavirus- outbreak ● https://www.slideshare.net/espiritu anna/human-acts Resources

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VE 10 Q2 Topic 2 We Consider the Possible Outcomes of Our Actions (Determinants)_.pdf

  • 3. Ms. Redgz Molidor South Lakes Integrated School Second Quarter, SY 2022-2023 Prepared by
  • 4. ● Explain the object, purpose, and circumstances (determinants) of human acts ● Examine the pros and cons of your decisions or actions in a situation based on the determinants of human acts ● Prove that the determinants of human acts determine the positive or negative outcome of your actions ● Determine the positive and negative outcome of your decision or action in a situation OBJECTIVES
  • 5. The decisions that we make and the steps that we take could have a positive or a negative effect, not only on ourselves but also on other people. Because effect is inevitable, it is imperative that we examine our decisions and actions and try to evaluate them, preferably before they are executed. Doing so minimizes the chances of causing negative effects and maximizes the chances of causing positive ones, determining the moral quality of a human act.
  • 6. Moral quality of human acts refers to the goodness or the wickedness of an act. It is based on norms inherent in the acts, or it can be based on observations made due to an individual or social conventional acceptance.
  • 7. Example A poor student running for Latin honors was offered by his classmates a large amount of money in exchange of him making a cheat sheet for their final examination. What should the student do? Should he accept the offer because he is in need? Or stand for what he know is morally right?
  • 8. How else can we determine the moral quality of a human act? What can help us determine the positive and negative effects of our actions?
  • 9. Cause and Effect Everything that happens in our world has a cause and an effect. No matter how big or small our actions are, there will always be an equal response to them, and the things that are happening around us surely have explanations waiting to be discovered.
  • 10. 1. I was late for school because... 2. I picked up the baby because... 3. I did not follow the recipe correctly, so... 4. School was cancelled, so... 5. I took drum lessons from a professional drummer, so... 6. I never brush my teeth, so... 7. I almost crashed into a tree while biking because... 8. I had to mop the floor because... 9. I made a rude comment, so... 10. The light came on because... Complete the following statements below by providing either the cause or the effect. Identify which ones are the cause and the effect in the statements.
  • 11. When the majority thinks a certain way, we tend to go along with their way of thinking to avoid attracting unnecessary attention to ourselves or to avoid backlash. Therefore, it takes a lot of courage to speak out and express ourselves, especially when we have a different view from the rest.
  • 13. These were just examples of the numerous kind gestures done by people. Random acts of kindness are proof that human beings are capable of showing compassion to those who are in need of help. Their actions were done voluntarily, with full knowledge, and free will.
  • 14. Human Acts which are voluntary and are brought about by the collaboration between the intellect and the will, can either be morally good or evil. Moral theologians came up with ways of determining the goodness and wickedness of our actions. These methods can also determine the positive and negative consequences of our actions. There are three determinants of the moral quality of our actions – object, circumstances, and purpose.
  • 15. The human act must be based on REASON which is composed of two powers: Cognitive Power Intellect which permits humans to know and understand Appetitive Power Will which is the native desire for the understood good
  • 16. Hence, a human act is an act that is done freely and with full knowledge. A human act responds to what is good, since, the goal of a human act is happiness. In this context, happiness is understood in terms of perfection and well-being.
  • 17. DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN ACTS Object of an Act Refers to the act humans choose to do as commanded by their will 01 Circumstances of an Act Include the person involved, the time when the act was done, and the place where the act was done 02 03 In order for a human act to be justified as good or evil, it has to be subjected to three essential determinants. Actions are said to be morally good if all three dimensions are right. However, if any of the determinants is wrong, the action will then be considered as evil. Purpose of an Act (Intention) Refers to the reason why humans do certain actions
  • 19. Helping an old person cross the street, telling the truth, and defending the rights of a person The object of an act refers to the act humans choose to do as commanded by their will. For an act to be morally good, its object must also be good and pleasing to God. It must conform to the laws and commandments of God.
  • 20. The object of an act has two components: material and formal. Material Component refers to the physical reality of an act Formal Component refers to the goodness that reason sees in the act
  • 21. EXAMPLE 1: Blood Transfusion the act of ”transfusing" as determined by the object "blood” Reason sees this as a way of saving a person’s life. Based on the object of the act, blood transfusion is morally good, and as a consequence, it can save lives.
  • 22. EXAMPLE 2: Scholarship the act of giving financial aid to help students Reason sees this as a way of doing good to others. And based on the object of the act, it is also morally good and as a consequence, can benefit others.
  • 24. The circumstances of an act include the person involved, the time when the act was done, and the place where the act was done. These circumstances can greatly affect the moral quality of an act. They can make a good action into an evil one or vice-versa.
  • 25. The circumstances surrounding the human act cannot make the human act moral or immoral, but they may increase or decrease its degree of goodness or badness. It is important to consider the “gravity” or seriousness of an act before we can evaluate if it is right or wrong.
  • 26. EXAMPLE A security guard deliberately goes to sleep despite being on duty. The person involved is a security guard. His job is to make sure that the place he is guarding is safe from burglars or other criminals. He decided to sleep during the time he is supposed to be working. He decided to sleep at his workplace. All of the circumstances say that the act done by the security guard is morally evil, and it can result to a number of negative consequences.
  • 27. “The end DOES NOT justify the means.” The Machiavellian idea that “the end justifies the means” is NOT CORRECT. 1. Parents forcing their unmarried pregnant daughter to undergo an abortion so she can still have a “better future” is morally wrong. Abortion is murder of an innocent’s life, hence, intrinsically evil. 2. Cheating in order to pass an exam and to graduate from high school instead of repeating another year is wrong.
  • 28. “The end DOES NOT justify the means.” Therefore, one cannot do an evil act because there is something supposedly good that will come from it.
  • 30. The purpose or end of an act refers to the reason why humans do certain actions. Any human act – big or small – is done for a reason. For an act to be considered morally good, the doer of the action must have a good intention. There are actions that are evil because the motive behind doing them is also evil.
  • 31. EXAMPLE 1: Acts like corruption and blasphemy
  • 32. EXAMPLE 2: Drinking alcohol is not morally bad, but drinking to intoxicate oneself is.
  • 33. EXAMPLE 2: Actions that are morally indifferent like walking and talking can become good or bad, depending on the intention of the doer. Taking a walk every morning to stalk and harass someone is morally evil. The consequences of these acts all depend on whether they are morally good or evil.
  • 34. God gifted man with the world. Man should realize how blessed he is and think of ways on how he can take care of the world and his fellow human beings. This is why man is also gifted with intellect and free will, in order for his actions to be based on knowledge and freedom. Hence, to fully live, man must have the right motivation to act in such a way that it will benefit not only himself but also other people as well. Uplifting Realizations
  • 35. PRUDENCE The ability to exercise caution and good judgment in making decisions and doing actions Value Focus
  • 36. False Prudence refers to the vices of excess such as having excessive thought and concern about attaining power, wealth, position, beauty, or fame and using improper means to obtain them. Prudence is the relative mean between this and imprudence, which pertains to the vices of defeat, such as impetuosity, thoughtlessness inconstancy, and negligence.
  • 37. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik. Thanks! Do you have any questions?
  • 38. ● Arete 10 Cultivating Filipino Values in the 21st Century ● Christian Living in Everyday Life 10 ● https://www.nyaprs.org/e-news- bulletins/2020/3/24/random-acts- of-kindness-during-the-coronavirus- outbreak ● https://www.slideshare.net/espiritu anna/human-acts Resources