Welding defects
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Radiographic interpretation
This document provides definitions for various defects that may appear on radiographic images of welds, including:
- Excessive root penetration appears as a light irregular band within the weld image.
- Root concavity appears as dark areas along the weld center varying in density by imperfection depth.
- Incomplete filled groove appears as a dark area at the weld center with diffuse edges.
- Cracks appear as dark, fine lines that are usually diffuse or discontinuous.
Welding defects
This document provides a classification and overview of common welding defects. It divides defects into three main categories: planar defects, linear volumetric defects, and non-planar defects. Examples of each type of defect are given. The document also describes specific defect types such as cracks, inclusions, lack of fusion, porosity, overlap, undercut and provides potential causes of each.
Welding Defects
I used this to train QA/QC Engineers in Asia, what defects are and the possible effects they can have on the finished products.
Welding Inspection
The Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) plays an important role during any welded construction activities ensuring the required specifications and standards are followed. Due to the numerous materials and processes associated with metal joining (welding) THIS PRESENTATION SHALL SHOW ONLY THE BASIC WELDING PROCESSES AND EXAMINATION METHODS (NDE). National and International Codes and Specifications along with measuring devices are the Inspector’s tools. Hopefully the following presentation shall give an insight into basic welding inspection.
Welding defects
This document discusses various welding defects such as slag inclusion, undercut, porosity, incomplete fusion, overlap, underfill, spatter, excessive convexity, incomplete penetration, and excessive penetration. It provides the causes and ways to prevent or repair each defect. Nondestructive and destructive testing methods for inspecting welds are also summarized, including visual inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and mechanical tests.
Welding defects
Geometric imperfections and inclusions are two main categories of welding defects. Geometric imperfections include misalignment, overlap, undercutting, concave and convex welds, and cracking. Inclusions refer to slag, tungsten, sulfide and oxide materials becoming part of the weld. Other defects discussed include porosity, incomplete fusion, spatter, unacceptable weld profiles, lamellar tearing, and crater. The document emphasizes that welding defects can significantly impact weld performance and longevity, so detection techniques are important and defects detrimental to structural integrity should be repaired.
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This document discusses welding consumables used in various welding processes. It describes the types of consumables which may include filler wires, covered electrodes, shielding gases, and fluxes. For each consumable type, details are provided on their composition, characteristics, functions of constituents, and relevant standards. Proper handling and storage of consumables is emphasized as critical. Specific consumables for processes like MMAW, GMAW, GTAW, and SAW are examined in more depth.
Welding flaws
- Lamellar tearing is commonly observed discontinuity in fusion welding that occurs near the heat-affected zone in flange plates of T-butt joints. It is caused by factors like dilution and heat input during welding.
- Dilution is affected by the melted parent metal, melted filler metal, and weld width to depth ratio. Too low or too high heat input can both be detrimental.
- Solidification cracks can form due to the bead factor, which is the ratio of weld width to depth. A ratio greater than 1 or less than 1 can both result in cracks.
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Radiographic interpretation
This document provides definitions for various defects that may appear on radiographic images of welds, including:
- Excessive root penetration appears as a light irregular band within the weld image.
- Root concavity appears as dark areas along the weld center varying in density by imperfection depth.
- Incomplete filled groove appears as a dark area at the weld center with diffuse edges.
- Cracks appear as dark, fine lines that are usually diffuse or discontinuous.
Welding defects
This document provides a classification and overview of common welding defects. It divides defects into three main categories: planar defects, linear volumetric defects, and non-planar defects. Examples of each type of defect are given. The document also describes specific defect types such as cracks, inclusions, lack of fusion, porosity, overlap, undercut and provides potential causes of each.
Welding Defects
I used this to train QA/QC Engineers in Asia, what defects are and the possible effects they can have on the finished products.
Welding Inspection
The Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) plays an important role during any welded construction activities ensuring the required specifications and standards are followed. Due to the numerous materials and processes associated with metal joining (welding) THIS PRESENTATION SHALL SHOW ONLY THE BASIC WELDING PROCESSES AND EXAMINATION METHODS (NDE). National and International Codes and Specifications along with measuring devices are the Inspector’s tools. Hopefully the following presentation shall give an insight into basic welding inspection.
Welding defects
This document discusses various welding defects such as slag inclusion, undercut, porosity, incomplete fusion, overlap, underfill, spatter, excessive convexity, incomplete penetration, and excessive penetration. It provides the causes and ways to prevent or repair each defect. Nondestructive and destructive testing methods for inspecting welds are also summarized, including visual inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and mechanical tests.
Welding defects
Geometric imperfections and inclusions are two main categories of welding defects. Geometric imperfections include misalignment, overlap, undercutting, concave and convex welds, and cracking. Inclusions refer to slag, tungsten, sulfide and oxide materials becoming part of the weld. Other defects discussed include porosity, incomplete fusion, spatter, unacceptable weld profiles, lamellar tearing, and crater. The document emphasizes that welding defects can significantly impact weld performance and longevity, so detection techniques are important and defects detrimental to structural integrity should be repaired.
Wis5 welding consumables 18
This document discusses welding consumables used in various welding processes. It describes the types of consumables which may include filler wires, covered electrodes, shielding gases, and fluxes. For each consumable type, details are provided on their composition, characteristics, functions of constituents, and relevant standards. Proper handling and storage of consumables is emphasized as critical. Specific consumables for processes like MMAW, GMAW, GTAW, and SAW are examined in more depth.
Welding flaws
- Lamellar tearing is commonly observed discontinuity in fusion welding that occurs near the heat-affected zone in flange plates of T-butt joints. It is caused by factors like dilution and heat input during welding.
- Dilution is affected by the melted parent metal, melted filler metal, and weld width to depth ratio. Too low or too high heat input can both be detrimental.
- Solidification cracks can form due to the bead factor, which is the ratio of weld width to depth. A ratio greater than 1 or less than 1 can both result in cracks.
Welding of Similar & dissimilar - Metal filler chart
Welding technology
This chart shows Specification of filler wire while welding Similar & Dissimilar metals
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This document provides an introduction to ASME Section IX, which establishes general guidelines for welding procedure and welder performance qualifications. It discusses the requirements for qualifying welding procedures using procedure qualification records (PQRs) and welding procedure specifications (WPSs). The key points covered include:
- ASME Section IX covers the qualification of welding and brazing procedures.
- Welding procedure qualifications demonstrate that a set of welding variables can reliably produce sound welds.
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It also summarizes the classification of base metals using 'P' numbers,
Welding defects
Welding Defects
Eurotech Now inteducing Welding Defects. Welding Defect is any type of flaw in the object which requires welding. Seven type of Welding Defect
Seven type of Common weld defects include:
1. Lack of fusion
2. Lack of penetration or excess penetration
3. Porosity
4. Inclusions
5. Cracking
6. Undercut
7. Lamellar tearing
Any of these defects are potentially disastrous as they can all give rise to high stress intensities which may result in sudden unexpected failure below the design load or in the case of cyclic loading, failure after fewer load cycles than predicted.
Welding defects
This document discusses welding defects and welding processes. It describes various types of welding including arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, thermit welding, solid state welding, and newer welding techniques. It then discusses common welding defects such as slag inclusion, undercut, porosity, incomplete fusion, overlap, underfill, spatter, excessive convexity/concavity, excessive weld reinforcement, incomplete penetration, and excessive penetration. For each defect it provides the potential causes and recommendations for prevention and repair.
Welding Defects (1).ppt
This document defines and describes various defects and discontinuities that can occur in welded joints, including cracks, inclusions, lack of penetration, and improper weld geometry. It explains the causes and prevention methods for each type of defect, as well as repair procedures where possible. The document provides detailed information on defect identification and characterization to help ensure the quality of welded structures.
Weld defects 1
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The document discusses key terminology and concepts related to welding inspection. Some key points:
- It defines different types of welds (e.g. butt weld, fillet weld), joints (e.g. butt, tee, lap), and weld zones (e.g. weld metal, heat affected zone).
- It discusses joint preparation details like bevel angles, root faces, gaps for different joint types (e.g. single V, single J).
- It covers features of fillet welds like leg length, throat thickness, and how they relate. Leg length and throat thickness determine weld strength.
- It also discusses duties of a welding inspector like observing welding, recording
Cswip welding inspection notes and questions
The document discusses the duties of a welding inspector, including visual inspection of welds to identify defects and ensure they meet acceptance criteria. It describes tools that can aid inspection like magnification lenses. It outlines a code of practice for an inspection department, including checking documents, materials, equipment and welder qualifications before welding, monitoring the welding process and variables during welding, and inspecting the final weld for defects, dimensions and heat treatment after welding. Repairs should follow an authorized procedure and be re-inspected upon completion.
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The document discusses various common weld discontinuities and defects such as gas pores, slag inclusions, incomplete penetration, lack of fusion, cracks, and undercut. It describes the causes of these defects which can include trapped gas during solidification, contaminated base metal, improper welding parameters, and faulty joint preparation. Remedies suggested to avoid defects are ensuring adequate shielding from wind, using clean electrodes, maintaining the proper arc length, travel speed, and current level.
Wis5 welding defects 02
The document discusses various welding defects that can be visually detected, including cracks, lack of solid metal, lack of fusion, lack of smoothly blended surfaces, and miscellaneous defects. It provides details on different types of each defect, their causes, and methods for prevention. It also discusses welding repairs, noting that repairs require authorization and testing to ensure defects have been fully removed before performing the repair weld.
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The document discusses weld defects, their causes, and remedies. It identifies eight main types of structural weld defects: crater cracks, longitudinal cracks, cross-sectional cracks, undercutting, slag inclusion, porosity, poor penetration, and incomplete fusion. Each defect is described along with its potential causes, such as improper welding technique, incorrect electrode or current usage, or poor joint preparation. The objective is to help identify different weld defects, understand what causes them, and take appropriate measures to remedy issues.
Welders visual inspection_handbook-2013_web
This document provides a handbook for visual inspection of welds. It includes sections on visual inspection responsibilities and techniques, definitions and images of common weld defects such as cracks, underfill, burn through, incomplete fusion, roughness, overlap, undersized fillets, incomplete penetration, undercut, corner melt, and end melt. Preventive and corrective actions are provided for each defect. The handbook also includes sections on measuring fillet weld size, types of weld joints, parts of a weld, welding symbols and joint numbering systems. It is intended to provide basic information for visual inspection of welds and is not a replacement for work procedures or other technical documents.
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The document discusses welding processes and their importance, types of welds and weld defects, including causes and methods of detection. It examines the microstructure of welds and defines features like the fusion zone, heat affected zone, and unaffected base metal zone. Various weld defects are described such as cracks, cavities, inclusions, lack of fusion/penetration, imperfect shape, and miscellaneous faults.
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This document discusses various weld defects including geometric defects like misalignment and metallurgical defects like cracks, porosity, and embrittlement reactions. It explains the causes and remedies for different types of defects such as angular distortion, longitudinal distortion, incomplete fusion, cracks, and porosity. The document also covers residual stresses during welding, gas dissolution and solid solution hardening, hydrogen effects including hydrogen embrittlement and cracking, and common weld testing methods like tension tests, bend tests, hardness tests, and non-destructive tests including visual inspection, liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, x-ray and ultrasonic testing.
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The document discusses the duties of a welding inspector, including visual inspection of welds to identify defects and ensure they meet acceptance criteria. It describes tools that can aid inspection like magnification lenses. It outlines a code of practice for an inspection department, including checking documents, materials, equipment and welder qualifications before welding, monitoring the welding process and variables during welding, and inspecting the final weld for defects, dimensions and heat treatment after welding. Repairs should follow an authorized procedure and be re-inspected upon completion.
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The document discusses various metal joining processes including welding, soldering, brazing and adhesive bonding. It covers gas welding and electric arc welding processes in detail. For gas welding, it describes oxy-acetylene welding equipment and process parameters. For electric arc welding, it explains different power sources for DC and AC, electrode types, and safety equipment used. It also discusses welding positions, joint designs, and factors affecting weld quality.
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The document discusses visual inspection of welds, including terminology for different types of welds and weld features. It provides checklists for welding procedures before, during, and after welding. Common welding defects such as lack of fusion, undercut, and porosity are described along with their potential causes. Visual inspection procedures and features to examine in butt and fillet welds are also outlined.
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The document provides information on weld repair, including the types of defects that can occur during manufacturing, the steps involved in deciding when repairs are needed, and how to execute welding repairs. It discusses inherent, processing, and service defects and their causes. The key steps in repair decision making are evaluating operating conditions, inspection history, reasons for failure, defect location using visual and NDT methods, and re-evaluating the need for repairs based on design calculations. When repairs are needed, the document outlines preparing the repair procedure, executing the welding according to qualified procedures while monitoring parameters, and inspecting the completed repair.Welding ppt
Welding is a process that joins materials by heating them to melt or soften them and allowing them to cool, forming a permanent bond. It is commonly used to join metal parts in manufacturing. Some key types of welding include arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, and solid state welding. Welding is used in many industries such as automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding, and construction.
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This chart shows Specification of filler wire while welding Similar & Dissimilar metals
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This document provides an introduction to ASME Section IX, which establishes general guidelines for welding procedure and welder performance qualifications. It discusses the requirements for qualifying welding procedures using procedure qualification records (PQRs) and welding procedure specifications (WPSs). The key points covered include:
- ASME Section IX covers the qualification of welding and brazing procedures.
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1. Lack of fusion
2. Lack of penetration or excess penetration
3. Porosity
4. Inclusions
5. Cracking
6. Undercut
7. Lamellar tearing
Any of these defects are potentially disastrous as they can all give rise to high stress intensities which may result in sudden unexpected failure below the design load or in the case of cyclic loading, failure after fewer load cycles than predicted.
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This document discusses welding defects and welding processes. It describes various types of welding including arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, thermit welding, solid state welding, and newer welding techniques. It then discusses common welding defects such as slag inclusion, undercut, porosity, incomplete fusion, overlap, underfill, spatter, excessive convexity/concavity, excessive weld reinforcement, incomplete penetration, and excessive penetration. For each defect it provides the potential causes and recommendations for prevention and repair.
Welding Defects (1).ppt
This document defines and describes various defects and discontinuities that can occur in welded joints, including cracks, inclusions, lack of penetration, and improper weld geometry. It explains the causes and prevention methods for each type of defect, as well as repair procedures where possible. The document provides detailed information on defect identification and characterization to help ensure the quality of welded structures.
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The document discusses key terminology and concepts related to welding inspection. Some key points:
- It defines different types of welds (e.g. butt weld, fillet weld), joints (e.g. butt, tee, lap), and weld zones (e.g. weld metal, heat affected zone).
- It discusses joint preparation details like bevel angles, root faces, gaps for different joint types (e.g. single V, single J).
- It covers features of fillet welds like leg length, throat thickness, and how they relate. Leg length and throat thickness determine weld strength.
- It also discusses duties of a welding inspector like observing welding, recording
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The document discusses the duties of a welding inspector, including visual inspection of welds to identify defects and ensure they meet acceptance criteria. It describes tools that can aid inspection like magnification lenses. It outlines a code of practice for an inspection department, including checking documents, materials, equipment and welder qualifications before welding, monitoring the welding process and variables during welding, and inspecting the final weld for defects, dimensions and heat treatment after welding. Repairs should follow an authorized procedure and be re-inspected upon completion.
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The document discusses various common weld discontinuities and defects such as gas pores, slag inclusions, incomplete penetration, lack of fusion, cracks, and undercut. It describes the causes of these defects which can include trapped gas during solidification, contaminated base metal, improper welding parameters, and faulty joint preparation. Remedies suggested to avoid defects are ensuring adequate shielding from wind, using clean electrodes, maintaining the proper arc length, travel speed, and current level.
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The document discusses various welding defects that can be visually detected, including cracks, lack of solid metal, lack of fusion, lack of smoothly blended surfaces, and miscellaneous defects. It provides details on different types of each defect, their causes, and methods for prevention. It also discusses welding repairs, noting that repairs require authorization and testing to ensure defects have been fully removed before performing the repair weld.
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The document discusses weld defects, their causes, and remedies. It identifies eight main types of structural weld defects: crater cracks, longitudinal cracks, cross-sectional cracks, undercutting, slag inclusion, porosity, poor penetration, and incomplete fusion. Each defect is described along with its potential causes, such as improper welding technique, incorrect electrode or current usage, or poor joint preparation. The objective is to help identify different weld defects, understand what causes them, and take appropriate measures to remedy issues.
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This document provides a handbook for visual inspection of welds. It includes sections on visual inspection responsibilities and techniques, definitions and images of common weld defects such as cracks, underfill, burn through, incomplete fusion, roughness, overlap, undersized fillets, incomplete penetration, undercut, corner melt, and end melt. Preventive and corrective actions are provided for each defect. The handbook also includes sections on measuring fillet weld size, types of weld joints, parts of a weld, welding symbols and joint numbering systems. It is intended to provide basic information for visual inspection of welds and is not a replacement for work procedures or other technical documents.
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The document discusses welding processes and their importance, types of welds and weld defects, including causes and methods of detection. It examines the microstructure of welds and defines features like the fusion zone, heat affected zone, and unaffected base metal zone. Various weld defects are described such as cracks, cavities, inclusions, lack of fusion/penetration, imperfect shape, and miscellaneous faults.
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This document discusses various weld defects including geometric defects like misalignment and metallurgical defects like cracks, porosity, and embrittlement reactions. It explains the causes and remedies for different types of defects such as angular distortion, longitudinal distortion, incomplete fusion, cracks, and porosity. The document also covers residual stresses during welding, gas dissolution and solid solution hardening, hydrogen effects including hydrogen embrittlement and cracking, and common weld testing methods like tension tests, bend tests, hardness tests, and non-destructive tests including visual inspection, liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, x-ray and ultrasonic testing.
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The document discusses the duties of a welding inspector, including visual inspection of welds to identify defects and ensure they meet acceptance criteria. It describes tools that can aid inspection like magnification lenses. It outlines a code of practice for an inspection department, including checking documents, materials, equipment and welder qualifications before welding, monitoring the welding process and variables during welding, and inspecting the final weld for defects, dimensions and heat treatment after welding. Repairs should follow an authorized procedure and be re-inspected upon completion.
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The document discusses visual inspection of welds, including terminology for different types of welds and weld features. It provides checklists for welding procedures before, during, and after welding. Common welding defects such as lack of fusion, undercut, and porosity are described along with their potential causes. Visual inspection procedures and features to examine in butt and fillet welds are also outlined.
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