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What is curriculum development

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This document discusses different approaches to curriculum development, specifically the traditional vs progressive approaches. The traditional approach focuses on mastery of facts and concepts through memorization and drill. Knowledge is viewed as objective and value-free. Teachers follow step-by-step manuals. The progressive approach emphasizes relevant content and student interaction with the world to find meaning. It views knowledge as more than just products to be mastered. Students establish meaning through understanding rather than just memorizing content. Curriculum involves interaction between teachers, students, and content to facilitate learning and meaning making. The document evaluates both approaches and argues that a progressive orientation linked to life situations could yield a more thoughtful curriculum planning approach for a theological institution, compared

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Subtitle WHAT IS CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT? TRADITIONALISTS vs. PROGRESSIVISTS
Subtitle SYLLABUS and CURRICULUM What do you think is the difference?
Definition of Syllabus u A general overall plan of the content that the school should offer the student by way of qualifying him for graduation or certification or for entrance into a professional or vocational field Good,1973:149
Curriculum definitions n. Curriculum is a dynamic, ever- changing series of planned learning experiences. n. Curriculum is everything learners experience in school
Definitions of CURRICULUM u Curriculum is a cultural reproduction in a structured way. It is even more: It should also value independent thinking in the context of the widest sense of social responsibility . - Smith, Stanley & Shores
Definition by Tanner & Tanner u Tanner & Tanner (2007:121) offers the following definition, derived from Dewey’s definition of education; u “That reconstruction of knowledge and experience that enables the learner to grow in exercising intelligent control of subsequent knowledge and experience” u Dewey viewed education as a generative process – that is, a process through which the learner extends and deepens the capability of exercising intelligent control over changing conditions in life
Curriculum a wider concept uCurriculum derived from Latin verb curere = to run uPortuguese: Corrida = race
Subtitle Curriculum = an academic and social learning race Who do you think forms part of the curriculum race at your institution?
TEACHING STAFF uAcademic Committee uPermanent and temporary lecturers
Management Committee uExecutive Committee uBoard members
IQEC uThe Internal Quality Evaluation Committee (IQEC)
ADMINISTRATION u Quality administration: - Curriculum information - Registration - Rules - Tests and Exam results - Evaluation forms
Subtitle Traditional way and Progressive way of Curriculum Development What do you think is the difference?
THE TRADITIONAL WAY u Schools need to return to basic education and high standards – back to the essentials. u Schools must systematically teach basic knowledge and not be afraid to stress hard work and discipline. u Knowledge consists of facts, concepts and skills that must be mastered through memorization and drill.
The Traditional way (Cont) u Knowledge is generally regarded as an objective, impersonal, many times value-free commodity to be grasped. u Outcomes are very specific. u Lecturers are the technicians whose task is solely to follow the step-by-step instructions in their manuals
THE PROGRESSIVE WAY u Emphasize on relevant curriculum content. u The progressivists see knowledge as more than a product that has to be mastered. u Students, they believe must interact with the world around them and interpret it.
Questions that progressivists ask u What should be the overall aims of education? u How can education help humanity achieve a just and compassionate society? u What is the right (moral) thing to do?
Other characteristics of Progressivists u They consider curriculum just to be a general guide. u They see human beings as important subjects rather than mere objects. u Rather than “mastering” knowledge, students establish meaning for their lives through understanding and interpretation
Interaction and meaning u Curriculum involves interaction between teachers and learners, between learners and learners, between learners and curriculum content. u The focus of teaching is more the making of meaning through learning than the transmission of concepts and skills.
Take the following into consideration u No one has all the truth u Human nature and human learning are complex u Curriculum documents are only guides. Teachers use their professional and considered judgement in determining what is best for a particular situation
Paul Freire – a progressivist u He opposes “banking education” and “narration sickness” by which teachers deposit information into the passive minds of their pupils. u Learners should not only be active participants, but in doing so should develop a critical consciousness.
Subtitle REFLECTION •What kind of curriculum orientation represents your Theological Institution? •What kind of curriculum orientation do you think your Theological Institution should follow? •How?
Evaluation The traditional way u The “basics” of the academic traditionalist orientation are not always Biblical basics. The Bible says that basic knowledge does not primarily mean knowing the facts of church history, doctrine, liturgy, missiology etc. u According to the Bible a lack of basic knowledge means not acting justly and not having mercy etc. i.e. ignoring biblical norms (Hosea 4:6; Micah 6:8) u Knowledge is in the first place an affair of the heart.
A stance in favour of a Progressive approach u If a curriculum team shares common beliefs and values, a progressive orientation with its emphasize on understanding and meaning and critical thinking linked to life situations, it will yield a more thoughtful approach to curriculum planning than all the other orientations.

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What is curriculum development

  • 3. Definition of Syllabus u A general overall plan of the content that the school should offer the student by way of qualifying him for graduation or certification or for entrance into a professional or vocational field Good,1973:149
  • 4. Curriculum definitions n. Curriculum is a dynamic, ever- changing series of planned learning experiences. n. Curriculum is everything learners experience in school
  • 5. Definitions of CURRICULUM u Curriculum is a cultural reproduction in a structured way. It is even more: It should also value independent thinking in the context of the widest sense of social responsibility . - Smith, Stanley & Shores
  • 6. Definition by Tanner & Tanner u Tanner & Tanner (2007:121) offers the following definition, derived from Dewey’s definition of education; u “That reconstruction of knowledge and experience that enables the learner to grow in exercising intelligent control of subsequent knowledge and experience” u Dewey viewed education as a generative process – that is, a process through which the learner extends and deepens the capability of exercising intelligent control over changing conditions in life
  • 7. Curriculum a wider concept uCurriculum derived from Latin verb curere = to run uPortuguese: Corrida = race
  • 8. Subtitle Curriculum = an academic and social learning race Who do you think forms part of the curriculum race at your institution?
  • 11. IQEC uThe Internal Quality Evaluation Committee (IQEC)
  • 12. ADMINISTRATION u Quality administration: - Curriculum information - Registration - Rules - Tests and Exam results - Evaluation forms
  • 13. Subtitle Traditional way and Progressive way of Curriculum Development What do you think is the difference?
  • 14. THE TRADITIONAL WAY u Schools need to return to basic education and high standards – back to the essentials. u Schools must systematically teach basic knowledge and not be afraid to stress hard work and discipline. u Knowledge consists of facts, concepts and skills that must be mastered through memorization and drill.
  • 15. The Traditional way (Cont) u Knowledge is generally regarded as an objective, impersonal, many times value-free commodity to be grasped. u Outcomes are very specific. u Lecturers are the technicians whose task is solely to follow the step-by-step instructions in their manuals
  • 16. THE PROGRESSIVE WAY u Emphasize on relevant curriculum content. u The progressivists see knowledge as more than a product that has to be mastered. u Students, they believe must interact with the world around them and interpret it.
  • 17. Questions that progressivists ask u What should be the overall aims of education? u How can education help humanity achieve a just and compassionate society? u What is the right (moral) thing to do?
  • 18. Other characteristics of Progressivists u They consider curriculum just to be a general guide. u They see human beings as important subjects rather than mere objects. u Rather than “mastering” knowledge, students establish meaning for their lives through understanding and interpretation
  • 19. Interaction and meaning u Curriculum involves interaction between teachers and learners, between learners and learners, between learners and curriculum content. u The focus of teaching is more the making of meaning through learning than the transmission of concepts and skills.
  • 20. Take the following into consideration u No one has all the truth u Human nature and human learning are complex u Curriculum documents are only guides. Teachers use their professional and considered judgement in determining what is best for a particular situation
  • 21. Paul Freire – a progressivist u He opposes “banking education” and “narration sickness” by which teachers deposit information into the passive minds of their pupils. u Learners should not only be active participants, but in doing so should develop a critical consciousness.
  • 22. Subtitle REFLECTION •What kind of curriculum orientation represents your Theological Institution? •What kind of curriculum orientation do you think your Theological Institution should follow? •How?
  • 23. Evaluation The traditional way u The “basics” of the academic traditionalist orientation are not always Biblical basics. The Bible says that basic knowledge does not primarily mean knowing the facts of church history, doctrine, liturgy, missiology etc. u According to the Bible a lack of basic knowledge means not acting justly and not having mercy etc. i.e. ignoring biblical norms (Hosea 4:6; Micah 6:8) u Knowledge is in the first place an affair of the heart.
  • 24. A stance in favour of a Progressive approach u If a curriculum team shares common beliefs and values, a progressive orientation with its emphasize on understanding and meaning and critical thinking linked to life situations, it will yield a more thoughtful approach to curriculum planning than all the other orientations.