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Zingiberaceae

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Medical Knowledge
Medical Knowledge

The document discusses the Zingiberaceae family of plants, which includes ginger and turmeric. It describes their characteristics such as aromatic rhizomes, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Ginger and turmeric are highlighted as examples. They are perennial herbs that grow in tropical regions. Both plants' dried rhizomes are used medicinally as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and to treat various other conditions. The main active compounds in ginger are volatile oils and those in turmeric include curcuminoids which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

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ZINGIBERACEAE
 It is a family of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes  comprising of 52 genera and more than 1300 species.  HABIT: Plants are perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes and thickened roots which usually contain secretion sacs which have volatile oil.
HABITAT: It is widely distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas
 STEM: Frequently have sympodial (forked) fleshy rhizomes (underground stems). .  LEAVES: Leaves are either radical or alternate, simple, elliptical, Pinnately veined or parallel veined. The petiole generally form a sheath. The leaf sheaths are folded tightly around each other
so as to give the appearance of a stem  INFLORESCENCE: Raceme or spike or may be solitary  FLOWER: Trimerous , Epigenous, Hermaphrodite, Zygomorphic  COROLLA: 3 petals, elongated often fused below and superior
 CALYX: 3 sepals, small green superior often united.  ANDROCEIUM: 6 stamens, abortive and petaloid only 1 is functional  GYNAECIUM: Tricarpillary, syncarpous, trilocular may be unilocular with parietal placentation and terminal style inferior.
Zingiberaceae
 FRUIT: A capsule
CURCUMA
 BOTANICAL ORIGION: Curcuma longa  Common Name: Curcuma, turmeric, Haldi, Yellow root  Part used: Dried Rhizome  Habit: Perennial herb  Habitat: Native to Southern Asia cultivated in India, China, Indonesia. Constituents: Contains volatile oil 5% , a crystalline colouring matter; Curcumin I along with small amount of
Curcumin II Curcumin III Resin Volatile oil is composed of Cineole Borneol Phellandrene Sabinene along with other constituents like turmerone, arabinose, fructose, glucose.
 MEDICINAL USES Analgesic Carminative Antispasmodic Antioxidant Anti inflammatory Curcumin has a protective effect on liver tissue exposed to liver damaging drugs Its antibacterial action prevents the bacterial wound infections thus helps in wound healing.
GINGER
 BOTANICAL ORIGION: Zingiber officinale  Common Name: Zingiber, Ginger root or rhizome.  Part used: Dried Rhizome or roots  Habit: Perennial herb  Habitat: Native to Southern Asia cultivated tropical countries like India, China, Japan, West indies. Constituents: Contains volatile oil 1-2% , pungent resinous mass and starch.
Oleoresin is reponsible for the aromatic odour and pungency consisting of 2 ketones, zingerone and shogaol. The principle constituents of volatile oil are 3 sesquiterpenes that is zingiberene, zingiberol and bisabolene
 MEDICINAL USES Carminative Antispasmodic Antioxidant Antiseptic As condiment stimulant

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Zingiberaceae

  • 2.  It is a family of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes  comprising of 52 genera and more than 1300 species.  HABIT: Plants are perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes and thickened roots which usually contain secretion sacs which have volatile oil.
  • 3. HABITAT: It is widely distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas
  • 4.  STEM: Frequently have sympodial (forked) fleshy rhizomes (underground stems). .  LEAVES: Leaves are either radical or alternate, simple, elliptical, Pinnately veined or parallel veined. The petiole generally form a sheath. The leaf sheaths are folded tightly around each other
  • 5. so as to give the appearance of a stem  INFLORESCENCE: Raceme or spike or may be solitary  FLOWER: Trimerous , Epigenous, Hermaphrodite, Zygomorphic  COROLLA: 3 petals, elongated often fused below and superior
  • 6.  CALYX: 3 sepals, small green superior often united.  ANDROCEIUM: 6 stamens, abortive and petaloid only 1 is functional  GYNAECIUM: Tricarpillary, syncarpous, trilocular may be unilocular with parietal placentation and terminal style inferior.
  • 10.  BOTANICAL ORIGION: Curcuma longa  Common Name: Curcuma, turmeric, Haldi, Yellow root  Part used: Dried Rhizome  Habit: Perennial herb  Habitat: Native to Southern Asia cultivated in India, China, Indonesia. Constituents: Contains volatile oil 5% , a crystalline colouring matter; Curcumin I along with small amount of
  • 11. Curcumin II Curcumin III Resin Volatile oil is composed of Cineole Borneol Phellandrene Sabinene along with other constituents like turmerone, arabinose, fructose, glucose.
  • 12.  MEDICINAL USES Analgesic Carminative Antispasmodic Antioxidant Anti inflammatory Curcumin has a protective effect on liver tissue exposed to liver damaging drugs Its antibacterial action prevents the bacterial wound infections thus helps in wound healing.
  • 14.  BOTANICAL ORIGION: Zingiber officinale  Common Name: Zingiber, Ginger root or rhizome.  Part used: Dried Rhizome or roots  Habit: Perennial herb  Habitat: Native to Southern Asia cultivated tropical countries like India, China, Japan, West indies. Constituents: Contains volatile oil 1-2% , pungent resinous mass and starch.
  • 15. Oleoresin is reponsible for the aromatic odour and pungency consisting of 2 ketones, zingerone and shogaol. The principle constituents of volatile oil are 3 sesquiterpenes that is zingiberene, zingiberol and bisabolene