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COMMENTARY

Redefining the tumor microenvironment with emerging therapeutic strategies

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1701-1708, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.055161 - 16 October 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Pharmacological Bases of Anticancer Drug Therapies in Precision Oncology)
Abstract The environment surrounding a tumor, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME), plays a role in how cancer progresses and responds to treatment. It poses both challenges and opportunities for improving cancer therapy. Recent progress in understanding the TME complexity and diversity has led to approaches for treating cancer. This perspective discusses the strategies for targeting the TME, such as adjusting networks using extracellular vesicles to deliver drugs and enhancing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIS) through combined treatments. Furthermore, it highlights adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapies as an option for tumors. By studying how components of the More >

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Piperlongumine in combination with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer cells

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1709-1721, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.053972 - 16 October 2024
Abstract Objectives: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapies such as erlotinib and gefitinib are approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the high incidence of acquired resistance to these EGFR-TKIs may preclude their effectiveness. Piperlongumine (PPL), an extract from the long pepper fruit (Piper longum), has been shown to possess anticancer properties. The purpose of the study was to investigate piperlongumine as an anticancer agent and to study a combination treatment approach with EGFR-TKIs against lung cancer cells. Methods: Anticancer efficacy of PPL, erlotinib (ERL), gefitinib (GEF), and cisplatin (CIS) were investigated in… More >

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159

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Is ypTNM staging a comparable predictor as pTNM staging for survival in non-metastatic rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation therapy?

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1723-1732, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.052098 - 16 October 2024
Abstract Background: The pTNM staging system is widely recognized as the most effective prognostic indicator for cancer. The latest update of this staging system introduced a new pathological staging system (ypTNM) for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT). However, whether the prognostic value of the ypTNM staging system for rectal cancer is similar to that of the pTNM staging system remains unclear. This study was conducted to compare the ypTNM and pTNM staging systems in terms of their prognostic value for patients with nonmetastatic rectal cancer undergoing proctectomy. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at a large teaching… More >

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112

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ARTICLE

Integrative bioinformatics and in vitro exploration of EVI2A expression: unraveling its immunological and prognostic implications in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1733-1746, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.050851 - 16 October 2024
Abstract EVI2A has emerged as a significant biomarker in various diseases; however, its biological role and mechanism in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unexplored. We used TCGA and GEO databases to analyze EVI2A gene expression comprehensively and performed pan-cancer assessments. Clinical relevance was evaluated through Kaplan-Meier analysis and ROC curves. The gene’s immune relevance was explored through analyses of the tumor microenvironment (TME), Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub (TISCH), immune checkpoints, and immunotherapy sensitivity. Our results indicate that EVI2A expression is upregulated in KIRC, showing correlations with tumor grade and T/N/M stage. EVI2A demonstrates high… More >

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162

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CircTIAM1 overexpression promotes the progression of papillary thyroid cancer by regulating the miR-338-3p/LASP1 axis

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1747-1763, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.030945 - 16 October 2024
Abstract Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent histological type of differentiated thyroid malignancy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various cancers. circTIAM1 (hsa_circ_0061406) is a novel circRNA with aberrant expression in PTC. However, its functional roles in PTC progression remain to be investigated. Methods: The expression levels of circTIAM1 in the PTC and the matched para-cancerous tissues were detected by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The subcellular localization of circTIAM1 was examined by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Kaplan-Meier plot was used to analyze the association of clinicopathological features… More >

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179

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ARTICLE

Remodeling tumor microenvironment using pH-sensitive biomimetic co-delivery of TRAIL/R848 liposomes against colorectal cancer

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1765-1776, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.045564 - 16 October 2024
Abstract Background: Despite significant advancements in the development of anticancer therapies over the past few decades, the clinical management of colorectal cancer remains a challenging task. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of cancer-targeting liposomes against colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Liposomes consisting of 3β-[N-(N′, N′-dimethylamino ethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol (DC-CHOL), cholesterol (CHOL), and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) at a molar ratio of 1:1:0.5 were created and used as carriers to deliver an apoptosis-inducing plasmid encoding the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (pTRAIL) gene, along with the toll-like receptor (TLR7) agonist Rsiquimod (R848). The rationale behind this design is that More >

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MiR-150-5p inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting FTO in osteosarcoma

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1777-1789, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.047704 - 16 October 2024
Abstract Background: Osteosarcoma (OS), recognized as the predominant malignant tumor originating from bones, necessitates an in-depth comprehension of its intrinsic mechanisms to pinpoint novel therapeutic targets and enhance treatment methodologies. The role of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) in OS, particularly its correlation with malignant traits, and the fundamental mechanism, remains to be elucidated. Materials and Methods: 1. The FTO expression and survival rate in tumors were analyzed. 2. FTO in OS cell lines was quantified utilizing western blot and PCR. 3. FTO was upregulated and downregulated separately in MG63. 4. The impact of FTO on the… More >

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140

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Unveiling the therapeutic potential: KBU2046 halts triple-negative breast cancer cell migration by constricting TGF-β1 activation in vitro

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1791-1802, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.049348 - 16 October 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advances in Cancer Pharmacology)
Abstract Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, recurring cancer characterized by a high rate of metastasis, poor prognosis, and lack of efficient therapies. KBU2046, a small molecule inhibitor, can inhibit cell motility in malignant tumors, including breast cancer. However, the specific targets and the corresponding mechanism of its function remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we employed (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium) (MTS) assay and transwell assay to investigate the impact of KBU2046 on the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells in vitro. RNA-Seq was used to explore the targets of KBU2046 that inhibit the motility of TNBC.… More >

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148

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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of lung cancer in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study in single oncology center

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1803-1809, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.052358 - 16 October 2024
Abstract Background: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common neoplastic diseases and a leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia. Its incidence in Saudi Arabia has increased by more than 3% within two decades. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological and genetic landscapes of LC in Al-Madinah city in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 65 patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2015 and 2021 at a single medical oncology center in Al-Madinah city of Saudi Arabia. Results: The mean patients’ age was 59.2 years, with 50… More >

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RETRACTION

Retraction: Ailanthone promotes human vestibular schwannoma cell apoptosis and autophagy by downregulation of miR-21

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1811-1811, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056887 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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85

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Retraction: Downregulation of microRNA-135 promotes sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer to gefitinib by targeting TRIM16

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1813-1813, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056888 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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72

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Retraction: lncRNA C2dat1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting miR-34a-5p in osteosarcoma cells

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1815-1815, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056890 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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64

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Retraction: long noncoding RNA ANRIL promotes cervical cancer development by acting as a sponge of miR-186

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1817-1817, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056892 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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66

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Retraction: long noncoding RNA ATB promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer by suppressing microRNA-126

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1819-1819, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056893 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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77

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Retraction: long noncoding RNA CAT104 promotes cell viability, migration, and invasion in gastric carcinoma cells through activation of microRNA-381-inhibiting zinc finger e-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) expression

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1821-1821, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056895 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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65

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Retraction: Long noncoding RNA GAS5 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulation of miR-301a in esophageal cancer

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1823-1823, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056896 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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63

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Retraction: Long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of human lung tumor cells by regulating MicroRNA-144

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1825-1825, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056897 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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62

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Retraction: MicroRNA-374a promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by targeting mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG-6)

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1827-1827, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056902 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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Retraction: MicroRNA-1277 inhibits proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by targeting and suppressing BMP4 expression and reflects the significant indicative role in hepatocellular carcinoma pathology and diagnosis after magnetic resonance imaging assessment

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.11, pp. 1829-1829, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056904 - 16 October 2024
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

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74

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REVIEW

Targeting triple-negative breast cancer: A clinical perspective

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 221-238, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028525
Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a disease with often an aggressive course and a poor prognosis compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. TNBC accounts for approximately 10%–15% of all diagnosed breast cancer cases and represents a high unmet need in the field. Up to just a few years ago, chemotherapy was the only systemic treatment option for this subtype (1). To date, TNBC is considered a heterogeneous disease. One of the existing classifications is based on the analysis of mRNA expression in 587 TNBC cases, in which Lehman et al. proposed six subtypes of… More >

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Opportunities and challenges of CD47-targeted therapy in cancer immunotherapy

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 49-60, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042383
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy)
Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) playing a pivotal role in modulating the immune response. CD47, a cell surface protein, has been identified as a crucial regulator of the TME and a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. However, the precise functions and implications of CD47 in the TME during immunotherapy for cancer patients remain incompletely understood. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of CD47’s multifaced role in TME regulation and immune evasion, elucidating its impact on various types of immunotherapy… More >

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A Th2-score in the tumor microenvironment as a predictive biomarker of response to Bacillus Calmette Guérin in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma: A retrospective study

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.2, pp. 207-220, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028163
Abstract Intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is the gold standard therapy for intermediate/high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, the response rate is ~60%, and 50% of non-responders will progress to muscle-invasive disease. BCG induces massive local infiltration of inflammatory cells (Th1) and ultimately cytotoxic tumor elimination. We searched for predictive biomarker of BCG response by analyzing tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pre-treatment biopsies. Pre-treatment biopsies from patients with NMIBC who received adequate intravesical instillation of BCG (n = 32) were evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry. TME polarization was assessed by quantifying… More >

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REVIEW

Progress on diagnostic and prognostic markers of pancreatic cancer

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.2, pp. 83-99, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028905
Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease characterized by low survival and high recurrence rate, whose patients are mostly at the stage of locally advanced or metastatic disease when first diagnosed. Early diagnosis is particularly important because prognostic/predictive markers help guide optimal individualized treatment regimens. So far, CA19-9 is the only biomarker for pancreatic cancer approved by the FDA, but its effectiveness is limited by low sensitivity and specificity. With recent advances in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other analytical and sequencing technologies, the rapid acquisition and screening of biomarkers is now possible. Liquid biopsy also occupies More >

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Mechanism of NURP1 in temozolomide resistance in hypoxia-treated glioma cells via the KDM3A/TFEB axis

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 345-359, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028724
Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a major obstacle in glioma treatment. Nuclear protein-1 (NUPR1) is a regulator of glioma progression. This study investigated the mechanism of NUPR1 in TMZ resistance in hypoxia-treated glioma cells and its mechanism in modulating autophagy. We treated TMZ-resistant cells U251-TMZ and T98G-TMZ to normoxia or hypoxia and silenced NUPR1 in hypoxia-treated U251-TMZ and T98G-TMZ cells to assess cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, LC3-II/LC3-I and p62 expressions, and autophagic flux under different concentrations of TMZ. We found that hypoxia upregulated NUPR1 expression and autophagy while NUPR1 silencing suppressed hypoxia-induced TMZ resistance and autophagy… More >

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A review of the literature on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.3, pp. 439-461, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.044473
Abstract Noncoding RNAs instruct the Cas9 nuclease to site-specifically cleave DNA in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Despite the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the patient’s outcome is poor. As a result of the emergence of therapeutic resistance in HCC patients, clinicians have faced difficulties in treating such tumor. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 screens were used to identify genes that improve the clinical response of HCC patients. It is the objective of this article to summarize the current understanding of the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the treatment of cancer, with a particular emphasis on HCC as… More >

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748

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MicroRNA-329-3p inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by targeting transcription factor 7-like 1

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.3, pp. 463-476, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.044085
Abstract An important factor in the emergence and progression of osteosarcoma (OS) is the dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Transcription factor 7-like 1 (TCF7L1), a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor family, interacts with the Wnt signaling pathway regulator β-catenin and acts as a DNA-specific binding protein. This study sought to elucidate the impact of the interaction between miR-329-3p and TCF7L1 on the growth and apoptosis of OS and analyze the regulatory expression relationship between miRNA and mRNA in osteosarcoma cells using a variety of approaches. MiR329-3p was significantly downregulated, while… More >

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761

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The effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on PD-1/PDL-1 axis in HPV-related cervical cancer

Oncology Research, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 99-116, 2022, DOI:10.32604/or.2022.026776
Abstract Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), including HPV-16 and HPV-18, is the main cause of malignancies, such as cervical cancer. Viral oncoproteins encoded by HPV are expressed in HPV-positive cancers and associated with the early cancer stages and the transformation of normal cells. The signaling pathways involved in the transformation of normal cells to cancerous form and the subsequently expressed programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of the transformed cells lead to a disruption in recognition of tumor cells by the immune cell system, including T lymphocytes and dendritic cells which lead to… More >

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The role of AFAP1-AS1 in mitotic catastrophe and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating the PLK1 signaling pathway

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 375-388, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.028256
Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by fast growth, high metastasis, high invasion, and a lack of therapeutic targets. Mitosis and metastasis of TNBC cells are two important biological behaviors in TNBC malignant progression. It is well known that the long noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 plays a crucial role in various tumors, but whether AFAP1-AS1 is involved in the mitosis of TNBC cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the functional mechanism of AFAP1-AS1 in targeting Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) activation and participating in mitosis of TNBC cells. We detected the expression of AFAP1-AS1 in the TNBC… More >

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Review and prospect of immune checkpoint blockade therapy represented by PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 255-270, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.027942
Abstract As a common tumor of the urinary system, the morbidity and mortality related to renal carcinoma, are increasing annually. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, accounting for approximately 75% of the total number of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Currently, the clinical treatment of ccRCC involves targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and a combination of the two. In immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 blocking of activated T cells to kill cancer cells is the most common treatment. However, as treatment progresses, some patients gradually develop resistance to immunotherapy. Meanwhile, other patients More >

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