Since its inception, Israel has been a bone of contention in the Arab region. Several wars have b... more Since its inception, Israel has been a bone of contention in the Arab region. Several wars have been fought between Israel and Arabs that have resulted in irregularities, power dynamics and instability in the region. The wars between the Israel and the Arab world made the Israel stronger. To stop these wars, several peace agreements have also been made but in vain. All this added to make the politics of the Middle East more complex and crisis factory. Now with the changing dynamics of the modern world, the dynamics within the politics of Arab region have also changed. Multiple international actors and states are involved in Middle East politics which make more complex and difficult to solve for Palestine and other Arab states including Israel. In this article, author used the historical analysis to find the answer of Arab Israel conflict. For this purpose, secondary data and qualitative research used.
It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India... more It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India. Nevertheless, Pakistan was also the homeland of many other religious natives such as Christian, Sikhs, Hindus, Parsis, Buddhists. Even many Jews lived in Pakistan who were the natives of this land for centuries before the partition of 1947. All of these religions are completely different from each other and also have their rituals, traditions, language, caste system, creed, ethnicity, marriage, and divorce laws. All of Pakistan’s constitutions give minorities equal rights, but when in the 1960s, Pakistan developed its first family laws for Muslims and launched “Nikah Nama”, and made other rules and regulations for the majority of its population but forgot about its minorities. Pakistan’s minorities suffer under Anglo Hindu Laws and The Christian Marriage Act of 1872 until recently. Pakistan introduced The Sindh Hindus Marriage Act 2016, the Hindu Marriage Act of 2017 Passed by the Nati...
Pakistan Social SciencesReview December 2019, Vol. 3, No.2 [256-267], 2019
This article argues that Rohingya as "illegal citizens" in Myanmar and as refugees in other state... more This article argues that Rohingya as "illegal citizens" in Myanmar and as refugees in other states of South East Asia are a marginalized community of the world and also increase challenges for receiving states. Myanmar has been deliberately declared them illegal citizens and demolished their villages after the latest genocide and build military barracks along the Bangladesh border. So, now almost two million Rohingya are living in refugee camps in different countries. For this article qualitative method and secondary data such as newspapers and articles are used. For ethnic cleansing of Rohingya from Myanmar, government and Buddist monks used the religion and ethnic cards; they introduced many policies such as citizenship bill of 1982, the Rohingya exodus and 969 movement. As a result, many people fled to neighboring states and become a challenge for the economy and society of receiving states such as Bangladesh,
It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India... more It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India. Nevertheless, Pakistan was also the homeland of many other religious natives such as Christian, Sikhs, Hindus, Parsis, Buddhists. Even many Jews lived in Pakistan who were the natives of this land for centuries before the partition of 1947. All of these religions are completely different from each other and also have their rituals, traditions, language, caste system, creed, ethnicity, marriage, and divorce laws. All of Pakistan's constitutions give minorities equal rights, but when in the 1960s, Pakistan developed its first family laws for Muslims and launched "Nikah Nama", and made other rules and regulations for the majority of its population but forgot about its minorities. Pakistan's minorities suffer under
During the Pakistan Movement and after its creation, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah always admi... more During the Pakistan Movement and after its creation, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah always admired the support of Pakistan by the leadership of the other religions. After getting independence, Quaid-e-Azam, as a governor-general, promised free will, absolute free-living, equal rights, and equal identities of all citizens, including religious minorities in the newly born state. All three constitutions of the state followed UNCHR and gave equal rights and freedom to worship according to any religion to its citizens. However, with time attitude of political leadership, the approach of society, structure of the system changed. New laws introduced by new leadership and political suppression took place and made the religious minorities a marginalised community. Now, the political participation of these religious minorities is below the average. Constitution of 1973 reserved ten seats for minorities
Pakistan came into being on the 14th of August 1947 and become the Islamic Republic of Pakistan i... more Pakistan came into being on the 14th of August 1947 and become the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1956 in her first constitution. Pakistan also consists of many groups of people but Muslims are a dominant community with 96% of the whole population. 4% minority of Pakistan belongs to different creed, culture, caste, ethnicity, and religion. The teaching of Islam and the ideology of the Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah focus on giving equal treatment to religious minorities. All three constitutions gave equal rights and freedom to the minorities of the state and also make Islam, the religion of the state. But the process of legislation for the rights and rise of a marginalized group is very slow, and radicalization is also taking place in the state. This paper examines that although Constitutions make justice with minorities in maximum ways in actual things are getting worse, when and how the constitution getting failed and the majority become the senseless mob. The minorities of Pakistan suffering from forced conversion to torching the minority colonies are emerging. In this article few articles of the constitution regarding the right of minorities are discussed.
Since its inception, Israel has been a bone of contention in the Arab region. Several wars have b... more Since its inception, Israel has been a bone of contention in the Arab region. Several wars have been fought between Israel and Arabs that have resulted in irregularities, power dynamics and instability in the region. The wars between the Israel and the Arab world made the Israel stronger. To stop these wars, several peace agreements have also been made but in vain. All this added to make the politics of the Middle East more complex and crisis factory. Now with the changing dynamics of the modern world, the dynamics within the politics of Arab region have also changed. Multiple international actors and states are involved in Middle East politics which make more complex and difficult to solve for Palestine and other Arab states including Israel. In this article, author used the historical analysis to find the answer of Arab Israel conflict. For this purpose, secondary data and qualitative research used.
It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India... more It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India. Nevertheless, Pakistan was also the homeland of many other religious natives such as Christian, Sikhs, Hindus, Parsis, Buddhists. Even many Jews lived in Pakistan who were the natives of this land for centuries before the partition of 1947. All of these religions are completely different from each other and also have their rituals, traditions, language, caste system, creed, ethnicity, marriage, and divorce laws. All of Pakistan’s constitutions give minorities equal rights, but when in the 1960s, Pakistan developed its first family laws for Muslims and launched “Nikah Nama”, and made other rules and regulations for the majority of its population but forgot about its minorities. Pakistan’s minorities suffer under Anglo Hindu Laws and The Christian Marriage Act of 1872 until recently. Pakistan introduced The Sindh Hindus Marriage Act 2016, the Hindu Marriage Act of 2017 Passed by the Nati...
Pakistan Social SciencesReview December 2019, Vol. 3, No.2 [256-267], 2019
This article argues that Rohingya as "illegal citizens" in Myanmar and as refugees in other state... more This article argues that Rohingya as "illegal citizens" in Myanmar and as refugees in other states of South East Asia are a marginalized community of the world and also increase challenges for receiving states. Myanmar has been deliberately declared them illegal citizens and demolished their villages after the latest genocide and build military barracks along the Bangladesh border. So, now almost two million Rohingya are living in refugee camps in different countries. For this article qualitative method and secondary data such as newspapers and articles are used. For ethnic cleansing of Rohingya from Myanmar, government and Buddist monks used the religion and ethnic cards; they introduced many policies such as citizenship bill of 1982, the Rohingya exodus and 969 movement. As a result, many people fled to neighboring states and become a challenge for the economy and society of receiving states such as Bangladesh,
It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India... more It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India. Nevertheless, Pakistan was also the homeland of many other religious natives such as Christian, Sikhs, Hindus, Parsis, Buddhists. Even many Jews lived in Pakistan who were the natives of this land for centuries before the partition of 1947. All of these religions are completely different from each other and also have their rituals, traditions, language, caste system, creed, ethnicity, marriage, and divorce laws. All of Pakistan's constitutions give minorities equal rights, but when in the 1960s, Pakistan developed its first family laws for Muslims and launched "Nikah Nama", and made other rules and regulations for the majority of its population but forgot about its minorities. Pakistan's minorities suffer under
During the Pakistan Movement and after its creation, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah always admi... more During the Pakistan Movement and after its creation, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah always admired the support of Pakistan by the leadership of the other religions. After getting independence, Quaid-e-Azam, as a governor-general, promised free will, absolute free-living, equal rights, and equal identities of all citizens, including religious minorities in the newly born state. All three constitutions of the state followed UNCHR and gave equal rights and freedom to worship according to any religion to its citizens. However, with time attitude of political leadership, the approach of society, structure of the system changed. New laws introduced by new leadership and political suppression took place and made the religious minorities a marginalised community. Now, the political participation of these religious minorities is below the average. Constitution of 1973 reserved ten seats for minorities
Pakistan came into being on the 14th of August 1947 and become the Islamic Republic of Pakistan i... more Pakistan came into being on the 14th of August 1947 and become the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1956 in her first constitution. Pakistan also consists of many groups of people but Muslims are a dominant community with 96% of the whole population. 4% minority of Pakistan belongs to different creed, culture, caste, ethnicity, and religion. The teaching of Islam and the ideology of the Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah focus on giving equal treatment to religious minorities. All three constitutions gave equal rights and freedom to the minorities of the state and also make Islam, the religion of the state. But the process of legislation for the rights and rise of a marginalized group is very slow, and radicalization is also taking place in the state. This paper examines that although Constitutions make justice with minorities in maximum ways in actual things are getting worse, when and how the constitution getting failed and the majority become the senseless mob. The minorities of Pakistan suffering from forced conversion to torching the minority colonies are emerging. In this article few articles of the constitution regarding the right of minorities are discussed.
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