I-Molecule

I-molecule yintwana encinane eyi-khemikal enokufumaneka. Ukuba i-molecule le ibinokucukucezwa ngaphezu kokuba incinane kangako ibezizicukwana, ibizakuba yenye into eyahlukileyo.

Ii-molecules zenziwe ngee-atoms ezithi zincamathelane zitsho zimile ngandlela ithile. Akuyiyo yonke imixube yee-atoms eqhelekileyo; ii-atoms zithanda ukumila ngohlobo oluthile, kodwa akunjalo kwezinye ii-atoms. Kananjalo, zithanda uhlobo lwezicwagciso oluthile. Umzekelo, ii-atoms ze-oxygen (engumongo-moya ngesiXhosa) iyakusoloko inee-bonds ezimbini nezinye ii-atoms, kanti zona ii-atoms ze-carbon ziyakusoloko zinee-bonds ezine nezinye ii-atoms, kanti nee-atoms ze-nitrogen ziyakusoloko zinee-bonds ezintathu nezinye ii-atoms.

Kwii-gases ezifana nomoya, ii-molecules ziyazibhabhela nje. Kanti ke kwizinto ezilngamanzi lezifana noqobo lwamanzi, ii-molecules ziqumbana ndawonye kodwa ke zisenokwenza intshukumo. Kwizinto ezi-solids njengeswekile, ii-molecules zingasuke zi-ngcangcazele. Kukwakho nenye imo yento eyaziwa ngokuba yi-plasma apho ii-molecules zibhabha zijikeleze ngokukhawuleza ngokungathi ziphambene kunaxa zisemoyeni. nge-molecular formula, ungawabhala onke amanani ee-atoms ezikwi- molecule. Umzekelo, i-molecular formula ye-glucose ithi-C₆H₁₂O₆. Oko kuthetha ukuba i-molecule enye ye-glucose yenziwe zii-atoms ze-carbon atoms ezintandathu, zii-hydrogen atoms ezilishumi elinambini kwanee-oxygen atoms ezintandathu.

Uncamathelwano

Ukuze ikwazi ukubakho i-molecule, ii-atoms kufuneka zincamathelane. oku ke kwenzeka xa ii-atoms ezimbini zisabelana ngee-electrons. Endaweni yokujikelezisa le atom inye kuphela, i-electron ngoku ijikeleza zibe mbini. oku ke kubizwa ngokuba luncamathelwano. Ii-electrons ekwabelwana ngazo zibizwa ngokuba zii-'bonds'. Ngamany'amaxesha, ziba mbini nangaphezulu ii-electrons ekwabelwana ngazo. Xa zisanda ii-electrons ekwabelwane ngazo, i-bond nayo iya isomelela kwaye kungona ukuncamathelana kwee-atoms kusiya kusomelela.

Ii-bonds zingaqhekezwa zohlukaniswe. Kuba ke inkoliso yee-bonds ifuna amandla ukuze zenzeke, zikwakhupha amandla xa zophuliwe. Kodwa phambi kokuba uninzi lwee-bonds luqhekeke, kufuneka zitshiswe ii-molecules. Ii-atoms ziqale zishukume, zize zithi zakushukuma kakhulu, yophuke i-bond. Ii-Molecules ezifuna amandla anganeno ukuze zikwazi ukuqhekeza kunalawo ziwafuna xa sele ziqhekekile zibizwa ngokuba zii-fuels. Umzekelo, ikhandlela lingabekwa phaya kungabikho nto yenzekayo. Kodwa xa uqhwitha ngematshisi ulilayite, liyakuvutha ixesha elide. Imatshisi izisa amandla ukuze iqhekeze ii-bond zokuqala, ezikhulula amandla awoneleyo ukuze ziqhekeze ii-bonds ezingaphantsi kuzo, de libe ikhandlela livuthe laphela.

Imithombo

Ezinye ii-websites

Molecule of the Month - School of Chemistry, University of Bristol
Antibody Molecule - The National Health Museum
Data Book of Molecules - Home Page for Learning Environmental Chemistry