I-Uranus (i-astronomy)

I-Uranus yiplanethi yesixhenxe kwisixokelelwano selanga ngokulandelelana komgama ukusuka eLangeni, okwesithathu ububanzi kunye nesine ngobukhulu. Inegama lothixo wamaGrike wesibhakabhaka u-Uranus (Οὐρανός ngesiGrike samandulo), uyise kaCronus (Saturn), owaba nguyise kaZeus (Jupiter).

Nangona ibonakala ngeliso lenyama, njengezinye iiplanethi ezintlanu ezaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, de kwayinkulungwane ye-18 ayizange iqatshelwe njengeyona nto kwaye ithathwa njengenkwenkwezi ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo okuphantsi kunye ne- orbit yayo ecothayo ngokukodwa kwaye yachongwa. njengayo nantoni na ngaphandle kwenkwenkwezi kuphela ngoMatshi 13, 1781 nguWilliam Herschel . Ukufuna ukwazi malunga nokufunyanwa kwakhe kukuba kwafika ngokungalindelekanga: iiplanethi ezibonakalayo kwiso lenyama (ukuya kuSaturn ) zaziwa iminyaka eyiwaka kwaye akukho mntu ukrokrela ubukho bezinye iiplanethi, de kwafunyanwa uHerschel, owaqaphela ukuba inkwenkwezi ethile ye-dim. yabonakala ishukuma. Ukususela ngaloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, akukho mntu wayeqinisekile ngenani lokwenyani leeplanethi ezikwisijikelezi-langa sethu.

Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali ze-Uranus kufana neNeptune kodwa ihluke kwi- giants enkulu yegesi (iJupiter kunye neSaturn). Ngenxa yesi sizathu izazi ngeenkwenkwezi maxa wambi zikhetha ukubhekisa kwi-Uranus neNeptune njengodidi olwahlukileyo, " iingxilimbela zomkhenkce ". Umoya weplanethi, nangona ufana noJupiter kunye neSaturn ngenxa yobuninzi be -hydrogen kunye ne-helium, iqulethe umlinganiselo ophezulu we "ice", njengamanzi, i- ammonia kunye ne-methane, kunye neempawu ze- hydrocarbons . I-Uranus ikwayeyona ndawo ibanda kakhulu kwisixokelelwano selanga, kunye nobushushu obuncinci obunokwehla ukuya kutsho 49 K (−224.2 °C) . Inelifu elintsonkothileyo, elilungelelaniswe kakuhle, apho kucingelwa ukuba amanzi afumaneka kumaleko asezantsi kunye nemethane kwezo ziphezulu. Umbindi weplanethi, kwelinye icala, ubunokubunjwa ikakhulu ngumkhenkce namatye .

Enye yeempawu ezingaqhelekanga zeplanethi kukujongwa kwe -axis yayo yokujikeleza . Zonke ezinye iiplanethi zine-axis yazo ephantse ibe yi-perpendicular kwinqwelomoya ye-orbit, ngelixa i-Uranus iphantse yahambelana. Ngoko ke iyajikeleza, iveze enye yezibonda zayo eLangeni kangangesiqingatha sexesha loguquko, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugqityweni kwezigaba zonyaka. Ngaphaya koko, ekubeni i-axis ithambekele nge-98 °, ukujikeleza kukubuyela umva ngokobuchwephesha: I-Uranus ijikeleza kwicala elichaseneyo xa ithelekiswa naleyo yazo zonke ezinye iiplanethi zesixokelelwano selanga (ngaphandle kweVenus ) nokuba, kunikwe uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwendalo. ukuthambeka, ukujikelezisa umva linqaku elincinci kuphela. Ixesha lokujikeleza kwayo kwiLanga limalunga nama-84 eminyaka yoMhlaba. I-orbit ye-Uranus yohluke kancinane kakhulu kwi- ecliptic (inotyekelo lwe-0.7 °).

Njengezinye iiplanethi ezinkulu, i-Uranus inenkqubo yeringi yeplanethi, i- magnetosphere, kunye neesathelayithi ezininzi; ijongwa ukusuka eMhlabeni, ngenxa yokuthambeka kweplanethi, amakhonkco ayo ngamanye amaxesha angabonakala njengenkqubo egxininisekileyo ejikeleze iplanethi, okanye, njengoko ngo -2007 kunye no -2008, avele edge-on. Ngo- 1986 i- Voyager 2 probe yabonisa i-Uranus njengeplanethi engenazo naziphi na iimpawu ezahlukileyo kumphezulu wayo, ngaphandle kwamabhanti kunye nezaqhwithi eziqhelekileyo zezinye iingxilimbela zegesi. Nangona kunjalo, uqwalaselo olwalandelayo oluvela eMhlabeni lubonise ubungqina bokutshintsha kwexesha lonyaka kunye nokwanda komsebenzi wemozulu njengoko iplanethi isondela kwi- equinox .