安東尼奧·薩拉查
外觀
薩拉查 (葡萄牙文 António de Oliveira Salazar),諱安東尼奧·德·奧利維拉。葡萄牙維塞烏人,家世農。誕於西元一八八九年四月廿八日。
生平
[纂]一九二六年五月,葡將卡爾莫納等起事,號曰「維新」。卡氏既立為總統,以薩氏勤強屬文,召入閣,授財政部長。一九三二年七月,擢內閣總理,累兼財政、陸海軍、外交部長。一九三九年九月,世界大戰起,葡國守局外中立例,獨無所犯。戰釁既開,歐洲皆罹災,而葡國安泰,人俱服薩氏先見。薩氏初為政,葡國其時紛紜多故,因以夙夜竭節;詔百司嚴警政、飭吏治、整武備、獎農商,矯除積習,國勢幾於康阜焉。厥後籌設國民聯盟,禁政黨輿論,而議會權亦漸輕,於是綜理機務,薩氏皆自操威柄,總統鮮所參決。一九四九年四月,會訂《北大西洋公約》於美。薩氏性警,任經濟,且善外交。及一九六零年以來,詔入自由貿易聯盟、關貿總協定,又與美、英、法、德諸國議立經合組織。一九六一年二月,葡屬非洲領地反,革命軍倡亂於西非、東非與幾內亞。薩氏命用兵進剿,南北交爭,逾十餘年不克,自是葡國元氣遂創矣。一九六八年九月,薩氏沐浴僕於地,不豫。總統托馬斯尋召卡埃塔諾入,代薩氏為內閣總理。一九七零年七月廿七日,大漸,卒於京,年八十一。
引據
[纂]- Coyne, E.J. .. title .. The Irish Monthly. 1936, 64 (752): 81–94.
- 、Contemporary Portugal: the revolution and its antecedents ; University of Texas Press,一千九百七十九年
- Costa Pinto·António The Blue Shirts – Portuguese Fascists and the New State ; Social Science Monographs, Boulder – Distributed by Columbia University Press, NY; ISBN 0-88033-982-9
- Rendel· The Sword and the Olive – Recollections of Diplomacy and Foreign Service 1913–1954 ; John Murray
- Wheeler, Douglas L. .. title .. Journal of Contemporary History. 1983, 18 (1): 1–25. JSTOR 260478. doi:10.1177/002200948301800101.
- Baklanoff, Eric N. .. title .. Luso-Brazilian Review. 1992, 29 (1): 1–17. JSTOR 3513163.
- Simpson, Duncan, and Ana Louceiro. "Everyday life under the PIDE: A quantitative survey on the relations between ordinary citizens and Salazar's political police (1955‐74)". International Journal of Iberian Studies 34.3 (2021): 195–216. online
- Stoer, Stephen R; Dale, Roger. .. title .. Comparative Education Review. 1987, 31 (3): 400–418. JSTOR 1188572. doi:10.1086/446698.