察合台汗
察合台汗是察合台汗国的可汗，第一任可汗是成吉思汗次子察合台，1227年察合台获得原属西辽的封地。1680年察合台系的葉爾羌汗國被蒙古准噶尔汗国吞并，该汗位终止。
注意：以下列表并不完整，且有时会不完全准确。而且此列表未包含一些只统治了很少或不太重要的土地的察合台旁系。
察合台汗列表
[编辑]| Titular Name | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Khan خان |
察合台 چغتائی خان |
1224–1242 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
哈剌旭烈 قارا ہلاکو |
1242–1246 C.E. 1st Reign |
| Khan خان |
也速蒙哥 یہسو مونکو |
1246–1251 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
木八剌沙 مبارک شاہ His mother Orqina Khatun was regent during this time |
1252–1260 C.E. 1st Reign |
| Khan خان |
阿鲁忽 الغو |
1260–1266 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
木八剌沙 مبارک شاہ |
1266 C.E. 2nd Reign |
| Khan خان |
八剌 غیاث الدین باراق |
1266–1271 C.E. |
| 海都 及其子察八兒從1270年至1304年為實際統治的汗王。當時察合台汗為他們所扶立，其實是他們的傀儡，但是當他們嘗試實質統治，察合台汗都會反抗。 | ||
| Khan خان |
聂古伯 نہگوبائی Under Kaidu bin Kashin |
1271–1272 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
秃里帖木儿 بغا تیمور بن قداقچی Under Kaidu bin Kashin |
1272 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
笃哇 دووا Under Kaidu bin Kashin & Chapar bin Kaidu |
1272–1306 C.E. |
| Restoration of Chagatai Khanate independence. | ||
| Khan خان |
宽阇 دووا |
1306–1308 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
塔里忽 کونچہک |
1308–1309 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
也先不花 تالقو بن قداقچی |
1310–1320 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
怯别 قبق بن دووا |
1320–1326 C.E. 1st Reign |
| Khan خان |
燕只吉台 ایشان بغا |
1326–1329 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
都来帖木儿 قبق بن دووا |
1329–1330 C.E. 2nd Reign |
| Khan خان |
答儿麻失里 ? |
1330–1334 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
不赞 دووا تیمور |
1334–1335 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
敞失 علاء الدین تارماشیریں |
1335–1338 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
也孙帖木儿 بوزان |
1338–1342 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
阿里算端 چانگشی |
1342 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
麻哈没的 یسون تیمور |
1342–1343 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
合赞算端 علی سلطان |
1343-1346 C.E. |
| During Amir Qazaghan's reign the Chagatai Khanate devolved into a loose confederation of tribes. This resulted in the Division of the Empire in 1347 C.E. into the Western Chagatai Khanate and Eastern part known as Moghulistan under Tughlugh Timur. | ||
- Blue Rows Signifies Nominal Rule.
西察合台汗国和东察合台汗国可汗
[编辑]| 西察合台汗国 | 东察合台汗国 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 答失蛮察 بیان قلی Under Amir Qazaghan & Abdullah bin Qazaghan 1348–1358 C.E. |
禿忽魯帖木兒 تغلق تیمور 1347–1360 C.E. | |||
| 拜延忽里 شاہ تیمور Under Abdullah bin Qazaghan 1358 C.E. |
||||
| 禿忽魯帖木兒 تغلق تیمور (Tribes of Chagatai Khanate rebelled against Abdullah bin Qazaghan who was of the Qara'unas forcing him to retreat but the coalition of Suldus under Buyan Suldus and Barlas under Hajji Beg collapsed; anarchy reigned in Chagatai Khanate. This power vacuum allowed Tughlugh Timur to move in without much resistance only Hajji Beg who was defiant had to make his escape. Tughlugh Timur then appointed Timur Gurkani as Chief of Barlas tribe and returned to his capital. However he was back in the region next year with the view of removing most Amirs and to consolidate his grip on his new conquered territory. He executed several amirs, including Amir Bayazid and Buyan Suldus. The son of Abdullah bin Qazaghan named Amir Husayn was the new Chief of the Qara'unas and resisted the powerful King of Moghulistan but was also defeated, however he would return after the king's death.Tughlugh Timur before leaving for his capital left his son Ilyas Khoja as viceroy of Chagatai Khanate region. The ruthlessness with which the Moghuls ruled the region caused many to oppose them, including Amir Husayn of the Qara'unas and Timur of the Barlas. Together they faced an army of Moghuls and local tribes loyal to Ilyas Khoja, and defeated them. Shortly afterwards, Tughlugh Timur died and Ilyas Khoja left for Moghulistan to take power. The tribes nominated and placed Adil-Sultan as nominal Khan of Chagatai Khanate. 1360–1363 C.E. | ||||
| 阿的勒算端 عادل سلطان Under Tribal Confederation of Amir Husayn and Amir Timur 1363 C.E. |
也里牙思火者 الیاس خوجہ 1363–1368 C.E. | |||
| 合不勒沙 خابول شاہ Under Amir Husayn 1364–1370 C.E. |
哈马儿丁 قمر الدین خان دغلت Usurper 1368–1392 C.E. | |||
| 昔兀儿海迷失 Under Amir Timur 1370–1384 C.E. |
||||
| 麻哈没的算端 سلطان محمود خان Under Amir Timur. Sultan Mahmud's death in 1402 marked the effective end of the line of Chagatai Khans in Transoxiana, who had long been mere figureheads and the rise of Timurid dynasty. 1384–1402 C.E. |
黑的儿火者 خضر خوجہ 1389–1399 | |||
- Transoxiana remained in the hands of Timur and his successors. For Continued list of Rulers of Moghulistan See below.
東察合台汗國可汗列表
[编辑]| Titular Name(s) | Personal Name | Reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khan خان |
禿忽魯帖木兒 تغلق تیمور |
1348–1363 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
也里牙思火者 الیاس خوجہ |
1363–1368 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
哈马儿丁 قمر الدین خان دغلت |
1368–1392 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
黑的儿火者 خضر خوجہ |
1389–1399 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
沙迷查干 شمس جہان |
1399–1408 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
马哈麻 محمد خان |
1408–1415 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
纳黑失只罕 نقش جہان |
1415–1418 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
歪思汗 اویس خان |
1418–1421 C.E. 1st reign | |
| Khan خان |
失儿马黑麻 شیر محمد |
1421–1425 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
歪思汗 اویس خان |
1425–1429 C.E. 2nd reign | |
| Khan خان |
萨图克 ستوق خان |
1429–1434 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
也先不花二世 ایشان بغا ثانی |
1429–1462 C.E. | |
| Division of Moghulistan into Western Moghulistan and eastern Uyghurstan. | |||
- Green shaded row signifies rule of Usurper.
东察合台汗国东部吐鲁番汗国和西部叶尔羌汗国可汗
[编辑]| 蒙兀儿斯坦 | 吐鲁番汗国 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 羽奴思 یونس خان 1462–1469 C.E. |
笃思忒马黑麻 دوست محمد خان 1462–1468 C.E. | |||
| 怯别二世 قبق سلطان 1469 C.E. | ||||
| 羽奴思 یونس خان 1469–1487 C.E. | ||||
| 速檀马哈木 محمود خان 1487–1508 C.E. |
速檀阿黑麻 احمد الاچ 1487–1503 C.E. | |||
| 速檀满速儿 منصور خان 1503–1508 C.E. | ||||
| 速檀满速儿 منصور خان 1508–1514 C.E. | ||||
| 赛德 سلطان سعید خان 1514–1533 C.E. |
速檀满速儿 منصور خان 1514–1548 C.E. | |||
| 拉失德 عبد الرشید خان 1533–1560 C.E. |
沙汗 شاہ خان 1543–1560 C.E. | |||
| 阿不都哈林 عبد الکریم خان 1560-1591 C.E. |
马速 محمد خان ابن منصور خان 1570 C.E. | |||
| Sultan Sa'id Khan after defeating Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat established the Altishaher or union of 6 cities, a much reduced western half of Moghulistan. By this time the western half was referred to as Kashgaria and eastern half was referred to as Uyghurstan. During the reign of Abdur-Rashid Khan a certain Naqshbandi Sufi teacher Ahmad Kasan (1462–1542), known as Makhdum-i-Azam (the Great Master) came to Kashgar from Samarkand. His descendants, known as Makhdum Zadas and bearing title "Khoja", would play an important role in the history of the region from 16th–19th centuries. Makhdum's eldest son Muhammad Amin's (d.1598), son Muhammad Yūsuf settled in Kashgar and his son Khoja Hidayatullah better known as Afaq Khoja became the founder of the Afaqiya Sufi order (tariqa), and his followers became known as the Aq Taghliks, those of the "White Mountains", because of their close approximation to Tangri Tagh (Tian Shan). Makhdum's second son, Muhammad Ishaq Wali (d.1599), founder of Ishaqiya Sufi order, with his followers established themselves in Yarkand and became known as the Qara Taghliks, those of the "Black Mountains", because of their close approximation to the Pamir, Karakoram and Kunlun. The Kashgaria region gradually devolved into small city states with the Khojas as rivals post 1570 C.E. | ||||
葉爾羌汗國可汗
[编辑]- 赛德生於吐魯番，葉爾羌汗國創建者，東亦力把里汗阿黑麻之子。滿速兒是他兄弟。
- 拉失德 (in Aksu 1521–1533) 1533–1560
- 阿不都哈林 (Khotan 1533–1588; Turfan 1570–1588) 1571–1588
- 马黑麻 1560–1591
- 阿黑麻 (in Turfan 1588–1591) 1591–1610
- 忽来失速檀 1610–1627
- 阿布杜拉提甫
- 速檀阿黑麻 (Pulad Khan) 1627–1632
- 克雷奇汗(Qilich Khan) 1632–1635
- 速檀阿黑麻 (叶尔羌) (Pulad Khan)(restored) 1634–1638
- 阿不都拉哈汗 (in Turfan 1634/5-1638/9) 1638–1669 d. 1675
- 尧勒瓦斯 1669
- 阿不都·拉提夫 (in Aksu 1666–1670) 1669
- 伊思玛业勒 1669–1680
- 阿卜都里什特 (in Turfan 1680–1682) 1678–1681
叶尔羌国后代归附 和卓，一个受到蒙古准噶尔部影响的维吾尔人联盟。
吐鲁番汗国速檀(苏丹)
[编辑]- 速檀阿黑麻，明代吐鲁番汗国第一任可汗，伊斯兰教尊号速檀（苏丹）。
- 速檀满速儿，明代吐鲁番汗国第二任可汗，伊斯兰教尊号速檀（苏丹）。
- 沙汗 1543–1570
- 马速 吐鲁番汗国第四任可汗，伊斯兰教尊号速檀（苏丹）。速檀阿黑麻的孙子，沙汗堂弟。1565年，沙汗与瓦剌作战，战死沙场。马速王子自立为汗。1570年，叶尔羌汗国可汗阿不都克木（赛德之孙，马速堂侄），派弟弟四个弟弟琐非、马黑麻、阿布撒亦和忽来失率军东征，攻入吐鲁番，俘虏马速汗，吐鲁番汗国（东察合台汗国正支汗统）灭亡。（一说以叶尔羌汗国亡国的1680年为东察合台汗国灭亡时间）。
被叶尔羌汗国吞并
外部链接
[编辑]注解
[编辑]参见
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- Godrich, L. Carrington; Fang, Chaoying (编), Ḥājjī `Ali, Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644. Volume I (A-L), Columbia University Press: 479–480, 1976 [2013-11-09], ISBN 0-231-03801-1, （原始内容存档于2015-05-12）