NGC 2273
| NGC 2273 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 观测资料（J2000 历元） | |
| 星座 | 天猫座 |
| 赤经 | 06h 50m 08.7s[1] |
| 赤纬 | 60° 50′ 45″[1] |
| 红移 | 0.006138 ± 0.000013 [1] |
| 径向速度 | 1,840 ± 4 km/s[1] |
| 距离 | 94.5 ± 13 Mly (29.0 ± 4.0 Mpc)[1] |
| 视星等 (V) | 11.6 [2] |
| 特征 | |
| 类型 | SB(r)a [1] |
| 角直径 (V) | 3′.2 × 2′.5[1] |
| 其他 | 塞弗特星系 |
| 其他名称 | |
| UGC 3546、MCG+10-10-015、PGC 19688, Mrk 620[1] | |
NGC 2273是一个位于天猫座的棒旋星系，距离地球约9500万光年，由尼尔斯·克里斯托弗·杜奈尔于1867年9月15日发现 。根据它在天球中的大小，可以推测该星系的直径约10万光年。[3]
特征
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NGC 2273有一个环星系，倾角为41 度，有由两个螺旋臂构成一个内环和两个外伪环，并有一个直径40弧秒的星系棒。[4] 该星系拥有质量约1.1×109 M☉的氢气（HI），大部分位于外伪环区域。该星系还拥有大量的分子气体，如CO线所示，这说明恒星形成活动在该星系很活跃。[5]星系的总红外光度为1010.25 L☉。[6]
哈勃空间望远镜对星系中心附近20弧秒区域的观测显示星系的螺旋臂与星系内环相对应。星系中心的卵状结构由一个星系棒和两个弧形的星系核环组成，它所造成的辐射与电离氢区有关。[7]核周围有一个直径7弧秒的环状结构，其西北部分比较清晰，离星系核20弧秒处有另一个星环。[8]
星系核
[编辑]根据其光学频谱中存在的谱线，NGC 2273具有活动星系核 ，并被分类为II型西佛星系。[9][10]此外，在星系中心还检测到了水千脉泽。这可以由活动星系核或明显的恒星形成活动而产生。[11]
BeppoSAX卫星、XMM-牛顿卫星和钱德拉X射线天文台猜测NGC 2273核心被柱密度较高的康普顿粗柱（Compton thick column）遮住，[12][13]ASCA估计其有1.1×1024 cm−2[14]，朱雀卫星估计其有1.5×1024 cm−2。[15]Fe-K线表明，硬X射线尝试通过冷金属物质时被反射。[14]星系核心区域的光谱有微弱的偏振，尤其是H-α线。[16]从NGC 2273发现的宽X射线光谱由热的疏散的软的部分、反射部分和能量集中部分组成。该星系2-10 keV的X射线通量估计为1.7×1042 ergs−1.[15]
该星系核有两个相距170秒差距的相对论性喷流无线电波源发射线性无线电波。[17]在 [O III] λ5007的图像中可以看到线型喷发物喷出的物质在核周围已经扩展到2弧秒大小。它与无线电波发射源对齐，可能与星系核有关。[7]
关于活动星系核活动所需的能量来源，最广为接受的猜想是星系中心超大质量黑洞的周围存在一个吸积盘。基于水脉泽环核圆盘的运动，该星系中心黑洞质量约是(7.5±0.4)×106 M☉。该吸积盘还出现扭曲。[18]
附近的星系
[编辑]NGC 2273是NGC 2273星系群中最亮的星系。该星系群中还包括NGC 2237B 和UGC 3504，[19][20]其中NGC 2237B在南边40弧秒处。[21]
另见
[编辑]参考
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for NGC 2273. [2019-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-24）.
- ^ Revised NGC Data for NGC 2273. spider.seds.org. [25 November 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-14）.
- ^ NGC 2273 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） cseligman.com
- ^ Aguerri, J. A. L.; Beckman, J. E.; Prieto, M. Bar Strengths, Bar Lengths, and Corotation Radii, Derived Photometrically for 10 Barred Galaxies. The Astronomical Journal. November 1998, 116 (5): 2136–2153. Bibcode:1998AJ....116.2136A. doi:10.1086/300615
.
- ^ van Driel, W.; Buta, R. J. A study of the ringed galaxies NGC2273, 4826, and 6217. I - H I line observations. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1 May 1991, 245: 7–26. Bibcode:1991A&A...245....7V. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Sanders, D. B.; Mazzarella, J. M.; Kim, D.-C.; Surace, J. A.; Soifer, B. T. The IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample. The Astronomical Journal. October 2003, 126 (4): 1607–1664. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.1607S. S2CID 14825701. arXiv:astro-ph/0306263 . doi:10.1086/376841.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Ferruit, Pierre; Wilson, Andrew S.; Mulchaey, John. Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 Imaging of a Sample of Early-Type Seyfert Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. May 2000, 128 (1): 139–169. Bibcode:2000ApJS..128..139F. doi:10.1086/313379 .
- ^ Yankulova, I. M. The circumnuclear gas and dust environment of the ringed Seyfert 2 galaxy MKN 620. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1 April 1999, 344: 36–42. Bibcode:1999A&A...344...36Y. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Huchra, J. P.; Wyatt, W. F.; Davis, M. New bright Seyfert Galaxies. The Astronomical Journal. December 1982, 87: 1628. Bibcode:1982AJ.....87.1628H. doi:10.1086/113254.
- ^ Ho, Luis C.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Sargent, Wallace L. W. A Search for "Dwarf Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. October 1997, 112 (2): 315–390. Bibcode:1997ApJS..112..315H. S2CID 17086638. arXiv:astro-ph/9704107 . doi:10.1086/313041.
- ^ Zhang, J. S.; Henkel, C.; Kadler, M.; Greenhill, L. J.; Nagar, N.; Wilson, A. S.; Braatz, J. A. Extragalactic H2O masers and X-ray absorbing column densities. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 19 April 2006, 450 (3): 933–944. Bibcode:2006A&A...450..933Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054138 .
- ^ Maiolino, R.; Salvati, M.; Bassani, L.; Dadina, M.; della Ceca, R.; Matt, G.; Risaliti, G.; Zamorani, G. Heavy obscuration in X-ray weak AGNs. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1 October 1998, 338: 781–794. Bibcode:1998A&A...338..781M. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:astro-ph/9806055 .
- ^ Guainazzi, M.; Fabian, A. C.; Iwasawa, K.; Matt, G.; Fiore, F. On the transmission-dominated to reprocessing-dominated spectral state transitions in Seyfert 2 galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1 January 2005, 356 (1): 295–308. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..295G. arXiv:astro-ph/0409689 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08448.x .
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Terashima, Yuichi; Iyomoto, Naoko; Ho, Luis C.; Ptak, Andrew F. X-Ray Properties of LINERs and Low-Luminosity Seyfert Galaxies Observed with ASCA. I. Observations and Results. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. March 2002, 139 (1): 1–36. Bibcode:2002ApJS..139....1T. arXiv:astro-ph/0203005 . doi:10.1086/324373 .
- ^ 15.0 15.1 Awaki, Hisamitsu; Terashima, Yuichi; Higaki, Yuusuke; Fukazawa, Yasushi. Detection of Hard X-Rays from the Compton-Thick Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 2273 with Suzaku. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 30 January 2009, 61 (sp1): S317–S325. Bibcode:2009PASJ...61S.317A. S2CID 12846803. arXiv:0810.4570 . doi:10.1093/pasj/61.sp1.S317.
- ^ Moran, Edward C.; Barth, Aaron J.; Kay, Laura E.; Filippenko, Alexei V. The Frequency of Polarized Broad Emission Lines in Type 2 Seyfert Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal. 10 September 2000, 540 (2): L73–L77. Bibcode:2000ApJ...540L..73M. arXiv:astro-ph/0007357 . doi:10.1086/312876 .
- ^ Ulvestad, J. S.; Wilson, A. S. Radio structures of Seyfert galaxies. VI - VLA observations of a nearby sample. The Astrophysical Journal. October 1984, 285: 439. Bibcode:1984ApJ...285..439U. doi:10.1086/162520.
- ^ Kuo, C. Y.; Braatz, J. A.; Condon, J. J.; Impellizzeri, C. M. V.; Lo, K. Y.; Zaw, I.; Schenker, M.; Henkel, C.; Reid, M. J.; Greene, J. E. The Megamaser Cosmology Project. III. Accurate Masses of Seven Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galaxies with Circumnuclear Megamaser Disks. The Astrophysical Journal. 20 January 2011, 727 (1): 20. Bibcode:2011ApJ...727...20K. arXiv:1008.2146 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/20 .
- ^ Makarov, Dmitry; Karachentsev, Igor. Galaxy groups and clouds in the local (z∼ 0.01) Universe. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 21 April 2011, 412 (4): 2498–2520 [2021-07-24]. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.412.2498M. S2CID 119194025. arXiv:1011.6277 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18071.x. （原始内容存档于2016-01-31）.
- ^ Garcia, A. M. General study of group membership. II - Determination of nearby groups. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 1993, 100 (1): 47–90 [2021-07-24]. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G. ISSN 0365-0138. （原始内容存档于2018-12-24）.
- ^ de Vaucouleurs, G.; de Vaucouleurs, A.; Corwin, J. R. Second reference catalogue of bright galaxies. Second Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. 1976, 1976. Bibcode:1976RC2...C......0D.
外部链接
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