IMiyonzi yeNzubawonga

Kumchazandalo, imiyonzi yenzubawonga ihlanganisa amaza wenkundla yenzubawonga, okuyiwona asabalala emkhathini futhi athwala isidlakathi senzubawonga.^[1] Ahlanganisa amaza omsakazo (radio waves), amachadaza (microwaves), insibomvu (infrared), isokhanya (light), uzukhwithi (ultraviolet), amagu X (X-rays), nemisebentathu (gamma rays). Wonke lamaza ayingxenye yomungco wenzubawonga (electromagnetic spectrum).

Imiyonzi yenzubawonga ihlanganisa amaza wenzubawonga, okuyimicikazo ehlanganisiwe yenkundla yamazuba neyewonga. Imiyonzi yenzubawonga noma amaza wenzubawonga adaleka ngenxa yokuguquka kwenkathi yenkundla yamazuba neyewonga. Ngokuncika ekuguqukeni kwenkathi nasemandleni aphehliwe, amabangacuphi ahlukene umungco wenzubawonga ayakhiqizeka. Elinyeni (vacuum), amaza wenzubawonga ahamba ngejubane lokukhanya, oluphawulwa ngohlamvu C. Ensizeni enhlobonye, neyesihlukosimbe (isotropic), ukucikaza kwezinkundla zombili kuqombothile kwenye nenye, futhi ziqombothile ohlangothini lwempekumpeku nolokusabalalisa amaza, futhi kwakha iZa elivundlile (transverse wave). Indawo yeZa lenzubawonga ngaphakathi komungxo wenzubawonga awunakugagulwa ngomjinge walo wokucikaza noma ibangacuphi lalo. AmaZa wenzubawonga omjinge ohlukile abizwa ngamabizo ahlukene njengoba enemithombo ehlukene kanye nemithelela ehlukene othweni. Ngokohlelo lomjinge okhulayo nebangacuphi elehlayo ahlelwe kanje: amaza onsakazo, amachadaza, imiyonzi yensibomvu, isokhanya, imiyonzi yozukhwithi, amagu -X nemisebentathu.

↑ *Purcell and Morin, Harvard University. (2013). Electricity and Magnetism, 820p (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York. ISBN 978-1-107-01402-2. p 430: "These waves... require no medium to support their propagation. Traveling electromagnetic waves carry energy, and... the Poynting vector describes the energy flow...;" p 440: ... the electromagnetic wave must have the following properties: 1) The field pattern travels with speed c (speed of light); 2) At every point within the wave... the electric field strength E equals "c" times the magnetic field strength B; 3) The electric field and the magnetic field are perpendicular to one another and to the direction of travel, or propagation."

[1] *Purcell and Morin, Harvard University. (2013). Electricity and Magnetism, 820p (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York. ISBN 978-1-107-01402-2. p 430: "These waves... require no medium to support their propagation. Traveling electromagnetic waves carry energy, and... the Poynting vector describes the energy flow...;" p 440: ... the electromagnetic wave must have the following properties: 1) The field pattern travels with speed c (speed of light); 2) At every point within the wave... the electric field strength E equals "c" times the magnetic field strength B; 3) The electric field and the magnetic field are perpendicular to one another and to the direction of travel, or propagation."

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