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- حرب مودوك، أو حملة مودوك (بالإنجليزية:Modoc War) كان نزاعا مسلحا بين شعب مودوك (الهنود الأمريكيين) والجيش الأمريكي في جنوب ولاية أوريغون وشمال كاليفورنيا من عام 1872الى 1873 حرب مودوك هي آخر حروب الهندية في كاليفورنيا وولاية أوريغون. مبكر. (ar)
- The Modoc War, or the Modoc Campaign (also known as the Lava Beds War), was an armed conflict between the Native American Modoc people and the United States Army in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon from 1872 to 1873. Eadweard Muybridge photographed the early part of the US Army's campaign. Kintpuash, also known as Captain Jack, led 52 warriors in a band of more than 150 Modoc people who left the Klamath Reservation. Occupying defensive positions throughout the lava beds south of Tule Lake (in present-day Lava Beds National Monument), those few warriors resisted for months the more numerous United States Army forces sent against them, which were reinforced with artillery. In April 1873 at a peace commission meeting, Captain Jack and others killed General Edward Canby and Rev. Eleazer Thomas, and wounded two others, mistakenly believing this would encourage the Americans to leave. The Modoc fled back to the lava beds. After U.S. forces were reinforced, some Modoc warriors surrendered and Captain Jack and the last of his band were captured. Jack and five warriors were tried for the murders of the two peace commissioners. Jack and three warriors were executed and two others sentenced to life in prison. The remaining 153 Modoc of the band were sent to Indian Territory (pre-statehood Oklahoma), where they were held as prisoners of war until 1909, settled on reservation land with the Shawnee. Some at that point were allowed to return to the Klamath Reservation in Oregon. Most Modoc (and their descendants) stayed in what became the state of Oklahoma. They achieved separate federal recognition and were granted some land in Oklahoma. There are two federally recognized Modoc tribes: in Oregon and Oklahoma. (en)
- La guerre des Modocs est un conflit armé qui s'est déroulé de 1872 à 1873 entre la tribu indigène des Modocs et l'armée des États-Unis dans le sud de l’Oregon et le nord de la Californie. La guerre des Modocs est la dernière des guerres indiennes à s'être déroulée en Californie ou dans l'Oregon. Eadweard Muybridge photographia les débuts de la campagne. (fr)
- モードック戦争(モードックせんそう、英: Modoc War、またはモードック作戦、英: Modoc Campaign、またはラバベッズ(溶岩層)戦争、英: Lava Beds War)は、1872年から1873年に掛けて、オレゴン州南部とカリフォルニア州北部における、モードック族インディアンの小規模なバンドと、アメリカ陸軍の間の領土と生活圏を巡った武装闘争である。 「戦争」と名は付いているが、実情は合衆国の民族浄化に反抗して、溶岩地帯に立てこもったインディアンの抵抗戦である。この「戦争」はカリフォルニア州あるいはオレゴン州で起こった「インディアン戦争」としては最後のものになり、白人の将軍が戦死した最初で最後の「インディアン戦争」となった。エドワード・マイブリッジがこの戦争の初期を写真に収めている。 (ja)
- La guerra modoc o campagna modoc (nota anche come guerra di Lava Beds) fu un conflitto armato combattuto tra i nativi americani Modoc e lo United States Army in Oregon meridionale e California settentrionale dal 1872 al 1873, durante la presidenza di Ulysses S. Grant. La guerra Modoc fu l'ultima delle guerre indiane svoltesi in California o Oregon. Eadweard Muybridge fotografò la prima parte della campagna. Kintpuash (Capitan Jack) guidò 52 guerrieri in un gruppo di oltre 150 Modoc che abbandonarono la . Occupando le posizioni difensive nei canali di lava a sud di , per mesi questi pochi guerrieri intrapresero una guerriglia contro gli Stati Uniti d'America dotati anche di artiglieria. Nell'aprile 1873 Capitan Jack ed altri uccisero il generale Edward Canby ed un altro commissario di pace, ferendo altre persone. Dopo altri scontri con i rinforzi statunitensi, alcuni Modoc si arresero e Capitan Jack fu catturato con i suoi ultimi seguaci. Jack e cinque guerrieri furono processati per l'omicidio dei due commissari. Jack ed altri tre furono giustiziati, mentre due ricevettero l'ergastolo. I restanti 153 Modoc della banda furono trasferiti nel territorio indiano dove furono tenuti come prigionieri di guerra fino al 1909. A quel punto alcuni di loro fecero ritorno alla riserva Klamath, ma la maggior parte (ed i loro discendenti) rimasero in quello che oggi è lo Stato dell'Oklahoma. Il risultato è che oggi ci sono tribù Modoc riconosciute federalmente sia in Oregon che in Oklahoma. (it)
- Wojna Modoków – wojna Indian z niewielkiego plemienia Modoków, pod dowództwem wodza Kinputash (znanego też jako Captain Jack), z siłami rządowymi Stanów Zjednoczonych, toczona w latach 1872–1873. (pl)
- A Guerra Modoc, também chamada de Campanha Modoc foi um conflito armado entre os nativos americanos e o Exército dos Estados Unidos no sul do Oregon e norte da Califórnia em 1872 e 1873. A Guerra Modoc foi a última das Guerras Indígenas que ocorreram na Califórnia e Oregon. Eadweard Muybridge fotografou o início da campanha. O Major General foi morto durante uma conferência de paz, tornando-se o único general a ser morto durante as Guerras Indígenas. (pt)
- Модокская война, Модокская кампания (англ. Modoc War) — вооружённый конфликт между США и модоками, происходивший на территории современных штатов Орегон и Калифорния с 1872 года по 1873 год. (ru)
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- حرب مودوك، أو حملة مودوك (بالإنجليزية:Modoc War) كان نزاعا مسلحا بين شعب مودوك (الهنود الأمريكيين) والجيش الأمريكي في جنوب ولاية أوريغون وشمال كاليفورنيا من عام 1872الى 1873 حرب مودوك هي آخر حروب الهندية في كاليفورنيا وولاية أوريغون. مبكر. (ar)
- La guerre des Modocs est un conflit armé qui s'est déroulé de 1872 à 1873 entre la tribu indigène des Modocs et l'armée des États-Unis dans le sud de l’Oregon et le nord de la Californie. La guerre des Modocs est la dernière des guerres indiennes à s'être déroulée en Californie ou dans l'Oregon. Eadweard Muybridge photographia les débuts de la campagne. (fr)
- モードック戦争(モードックせんそう、英: Modoc War、またはモードック作戦、英: Modoc Campaign、またはラバベッズ(溶岩層)戦争、英: Lava Beds War)は、1872年から1873年に掛けて、オレゴン州南部とカリフォルニア州北部における、モードック族インディアンの小規模なバンドと、アメリカ陸軍の間の領土と生活圏を巡った武装闘争である。 「戦争」と名は付いているが、実情は合衆国の民族浄化に反抗して、溶岩地帯に立てこもったインディアンの抵抗戦である。この「戦争」はカリフォルニア州あるいはオレゴン州で起こった「インディアン戦争」としては最後のものになり、白人の将軍が戦死した最初で最後の「インディアン戦争」となった。エドワード・マイブリッジがこの戦争の初期を写真に収めている。 (ja)
- Wojna Modoków – wojna Indian z niewielkiego plemienia Modoków, pod dowództwem wodza Kinputash (znanego też jako Captain Jack), z siłami rządowymi Stanów Zjednoczonych, toczona w latach 1872–1873. (pl)
- A Guerra Modoc, também chamada de Campanha Modoc foi um conflito armado entre os nativos americanos e o Exército dos Estados Unidos no sul do Oregon e norte da Califórnia em 1872 e 1873. A Guerra Modoc foi a última das Guerras Indígenas que ocorreram na Califórnia e Oregon. Eadweard Muybridge fotografou o início da campanha. O Major General foi morto durante uma conferência de paz, tornando-se o único general a ser morto durante as Guerras Indígenas. (pt)
- Модокская война, Модокская кампания (англ. Modoc War) — вооружённый конфликт между США и модоками, происходивший на территории современных штатов Орегон и Калифорния с 1872 года по 1873 год. (ru)
- The Modoc War, or the Modoc Campaign (also known as the Lava Beds War), was an armed conflict between the Native American Modoc people and the United States Army in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon from 1872 to 1873. Eadweard Muybridge photographed the early part of the US Army's campaign. (en)
- La guerra modoc o campagna modoc (nota anche come guerra di Lava Beds) fu un conflitto armato combattuto tra i nativi americani Modoc e lo United States Army in Oregon meridionale e California settentrionale dal 1872 al 1873, durante la presidenza di Ulysses S. Grant. La guerra Modoc fu l'ultima delle guerre indiane svoltesi in California o Oregon. Eadweard Muybridge fotografò la prima parte della campagna. (it)
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- Modoc War (en)
- حرب مودوك (ar)
- Guerre des Modocs (fr)
- Guerra modoc (it)
- モードック戦争 (ja)
- Wojna Modoków (pl)
- Модокская война (ru)
- Guerra Modoc (pt)
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