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The history of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century has classically been described as one of stagnation and reform. In analogy with 18th-century France, it is also known as the Ancien Régime or Old Regime, contrasting with the "New Regime" of the Nizam-i Cedid and Tanzimat in the 19th century.

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  • يُعتبر عصر سليمان القانوني عصر الدولة العثمانية الذهبي، وما أن انقضى هذا العصر حتى أصاب الدولة الضعف والتفسخ. فقد كان سليم الثاني، خليفة سليمان، سلطانًا ضعيفًا لا يتصف بما يؤهله للقيام بحفظ فتوحات أبيه فضلاً عن إضافة شيء إليها، بالإضافة إلى أنه كان حاكمًا منحلاً خاملاً، وكان ماجنًا سكّيرًا. (ar)
  • The history of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century has classically been described as one of stagnation and reform. In analogy with 18th-century France, it is also known as the Ancien Régime or Old Regime, contrasting with the "New Regime" of the Nizam-i Cedid and Tanzimat in the 19th century. The period characterized as one of decentralization in the Ottoman political system. Political and economic reforms enacted during the preceding War of the Holy League (1683-1699), particularly the sale of life-term tax farms (Ottoman Turkish: malikāne) instituted in 1695, enabled provincial figures to achieve an unprecedented degree of influence in Ottoman politics. This decentralization had once led historians to believe that the Ottoman Empire was in decline during this period, part of the larger and now-debunked Ottoman Decline Thesis, but it is now recognized that the Ottomans were successfully able to tie emerging provincial elites politically and financially to the central government. The empire likewise experienced significant economic growth during much of the eighteenth century and was, until the disastrous war with Russia in 1768-74, also able to match its rivals in military strength. In light of this, the empire's history during this period is now generally viewed in more neutral terms, eschewing concepts such as 'decline' and 'stagnation'. The Old Regime was brought to an end not by a single dramatic event, but by the gradual process of reform begun by Sultan Selim III (r. 1789-1807), known as the Nizam-ı Cedid (New Order). Although Selim himself was deposed, his reforms were continued by his successors into the nineteenth century and utterly transformed the nature of the Ottoman Empire. (en)
  • La storia dell'Impero Ottomano nel XVIII secolo è stata classicamente descritta come una storia di stagnazione e riforme. Il periodo fu caratterizzato da un decentramento nel sistema politico ottomano. Le forme politiche ed economiche varate durante la precedente Guerra della Lega Santa (1683-1699), in particolare la messa all'asta di appalti fiscali a vita istituito nel 1695, permise alle figure provinciali di raggiungere un grado di influenza senza precedenti nella politica ottomana. Durante questo periodo, tale decentramento aveva portato a volte gli storici a credere che l'Impero Ottomano fosse in declino, nel quadro della più ampia e tradizionale tesi del declino ottomano, ma è stato anche riconosciuto che gli ottomani erano riusciti a legare politicamente e finanziariamente le élite provinciali emergenti al governo centrale. Anche l'impero conobbe una significativa crescita economica durante gran parte del XVIII secolo e, fino alla disastrosa guerra con la Russia nel 1768-74, fu anche in grado di eguagliare i suoi rivali in forza militare. Alla luce di ciò, la storia dell'impero durante questo periodo è ora generalmente vista in termini più neutri, evitando concetti come "declino" e "stagnazione". L'Antico Regime fu portato a termine non da un singolo evento drammatico, ma dal graduale processo di riforma iniziato dal sultano Selim III (r. 1789-1807), noto come Nizam-ı Cedid (Nuovo Ordine). Sebbene lo stesso Selim fu deposto, le sue riforme continuarono attraverso i suoi successori nel XIX secolo e trasformarono completamente la natura dell'Impero Ottomano. (it)
  • Стагнация Османской империи — период истории Турции, предшествовавший её упадку. (ru)
  • Велике замирення (тур. Büyük sakin) — період в історії Османської імперії, що загалом збігається з правлінням султанів Махмуда I, Османа III та Мустафи III. (uk)
  • 奧斯曼帝國的滯止(土耳其語:Osmanlı Devleti duraklama dönemi)是奧斯曼帝國的領土擴張達致顛峰以後的一段時期。在這一時期,帝國的軍威仍盛。在此後,奧斯曼帝國的軍事力量銳減,使它失去了大量領土。1683年的維也納之戰象徵著奧斯曼帝國在歐洲的極盛疆域。從社會經濟學的角度來說,這也是帝國衰落的開端。 (zh)
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  • يُعتبر عصر سليمان القانوني عصر الدولة العثمانية الذهبي، وما أن انقضى هذا العصر حتى أصاب الدولة الضعف والتفسخ. فقد كان سليم الثاني، خليفة سليمان، سلطانًا ضعيفًا لا يتصف بما يؤهله للقيام بحفظ فتوحات أبيه فضلاً عن إضافة شيء إليها، بالإضافة إلى أنه كان حاكمًا منحلاً خاملاً، وكان ماجنًا سكّيرًا. (ar)
  • Стагнация Османской империи — период истории Турции, предшествовавший её упадку. (ru)
  • Велике замирення (тур. Büyük sakin) — період в історії Османської імперії, що загалом збігається з правлінням султанів Махмуда I, Османа III та Мустафи III. (uk)
  • 奧斯曼帝國的滯止(土耳其語:Osmanlı Devleti duraklama dönemi)是奧斯曼帝國的領土擴張達致顛峰以後的一段時期。在這一時期,帝國的軍威仍盛。在此後,奧斯曼帝國的軍事力量銳減,使它失去了大量領土。1683年的維也納之戰象徵著奧斯曼帝國在歐洲的極盛疆域。從社會經濟學的角度來說,這也是帝國衰落的開端。 (zh)
  • The history of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century has classically been described as one of stagnation and reform. In analogy with 18th-century France, it is also known as the Ancien Régime or Old Regime, contrasting with the "New Regime" of the Nizam-i Cedid and Tanzimat in the 19th century. (en)
  • La storia dell'Impero Ottomano nel XVIII secolo è stata classicamente descritta come una storia di stagnazione e riforme. Il periodo fu caratterizzato da un decentramento nel sistema politico ottomano. Le forme politiche ed economiche varate durante la precedente Guerra della Lega Santa (1683-1699), in particolare la messa all'asta di appalti fiscali a vita istituito nel 1695, permise alle figure provinciali di raggiungere un grado di influenza senza precedenti nella politica ottomana. Durante questo periodo, tale decentramento aveva portato a volte gli storici a credere che l'Impero Ottomano fosse in declino, nel quadro della più ampia e tradizionale tesi del declino ottomano, ma è stato anche riconosciuto che gli ottomani erano riusciti a legare politicamente e finanziariamente le élite (it)
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  • حقبة الركود والانتعاشات (ar)
  • Stagnazione e riforme dell'Impero ottomano (it)
  • Ottoman Old Regime (en)
  • Стагнация Османской империи (ru)
  • Велике замирення (uk)
  • 奧斯曼帝國的滯止 (zh)
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