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- Το Παρτσάμ (παστού/περσικά: پرچم, μτφ: «Λάβαρο» ή «Σημαία») ήταν μία από τις συνιστώσες του Λαϊκού Δημοκρατικού Κόμματος του Αφγανιστάν. Η συνιστώσα Παρτσάμ ανέλαβε τη διακυβέρνηση της χώρας μετά την ανατροπή του Χαφιζουλάχ Αμίν τον Δεκέμβριο του 1979 (Επιχείρηση Καταιγίδα-333). Η βασική ιδεολογία του Παρτσάμ ήταν η βαθμιαία μετατόπιση προς τον σοσιαλισμό στο Αφγανιστάν. Η συνιστώσα Παρτσάμ υποστήριξε αυτήν την ιδέα, επειδή θεωρούσε πως το Αφγανιστάν δεν είχε αρκετές βιομηχανίες για να υποβληθεί σε μια πραγματική όπως όριζε Το Κομμουνιστικό Μανιφέστο. Η συνιστώσα Παρτσάμ είχε περισσότερα αστικά μέλη τα οποία ανήκαν στη μεσαία και ανώτερη μεσαία τάξη. Αντίθετη στο μετριοπαθές Παρτσάμ βρισκόταν η ριζοσπαστική συνιστώσα Χαλκ. Το Χαλκ («Λαός») ανέπτυξε μια πιο σθεναρή γραμμή, υποστηρίζοντας την άμεση και βίαιη ανατροπή της κυβέρνησης και την εγκαθίδρυση σοβιετικού τύπου κομμουνιστικού καθεστώτος. Ο ηγέτης του Παρτσάμ Μπαμπράκ Καρμάλ αντικαταστάθηκε από τον Μοχαμάντ Νατζιμπουλάχ το 1986. Το 1992, το καθοδηγούμενο από το Παρτσάμ Λαϊκό Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα του Αφγανιστάν μετατράπηκε στο . (el)
- Parcham (Pashto and Dari: پرچم, lit. 'banner' or 'flag') was the name of one of the factions of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, formed in 1967 following its split and led for most of its history by Babrak Karmal and Mohammed Najibullah. The basic ideology of the Parchamites was one of a gradual move towards Islamic socialism in Afghanistan. The Parcham faction supported this idea because they felt that Afghanistan was not industrialized enough to undergo a true proletarian revolution as called for in the Communist Manifesto. The Parcham faction had more urban based members who belonged to the lower-middle and upper middle classes. Opposed to the more moderate Parchamis were the hardline Stalinist Khalq faction. The Khalq (lit. 'masses' or 'people') developed a more vigorous line, advocating an immediate and violent overthrow of the government and an establishment of a Stalinist regime. Because of Parcham's links with the Kingdom of Afghanistan, initially wishing to keep the constitutional monarchy intact, it was derisively referred to as the "Royal Communist Party" by their Khalqist rivals. Many pro-Parcham military officers supported Mohammed Daoud Khan's coup against Mohammed Zahir Shah in 1973. Afterwards a high number of Parchamites held high-ranking jobs in Daoud's cabinet and the Central Committee and dominated the security forces. Parchamites, then in charge of the Ministry of Interior, were alleged to be responsible for the death of Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal, a conservative anti-communist former Prime Minister. In the next years, Parchamites were systematically purged from Khan's cabinet and then persecuted by his regime. In 1977, Parcham managed to reconcile with the Khalq faction, and following the Saur Revolution of 1978, many Parchamites were represented in the initial government. Very soon after the revolution however, Parchamites were purged from the government by the hardline leadership of Nur Muhammad Taraki, who strictly opposed their alleged "revisionism", and the regime eventually went into a reign of terror, jailing and executing many Parchamites who were accused of deviating from Marxism-Leninism. The Parcham faction eventually gained power in the country after the overthrowing of Hafizullah Amin in December 1979 by the Soviet Union's Operation Storm-333 intervention, which supported a more moderate and pragmatic leadership. The government under Parcham leader Babrak Karmal nevertheless still struggled to win popularity after the excesses of the Khalqists, and they were now low in numbers following the mass executions committed by the Khalq regime in 1978–1979. Karmal was replaced by Mohammad Najibullah in 1986 after the Soviet Union voiced discontent about his inability to decisively defeat the Mujahideen, and in June 1990, the Parcham-led PDPA converted itself into the Watan Party of Afghanistan (Homeland Party), with all references to Marxism-Leninism removed from the party's manifesto, instead adopting a uniquely Afghan version of Islamic socialism. (en)
- Parcham adalah salah satu faksi dalam Partai Demokrasi Rakyat Afganistan. Faksi Parcham mendapat kekuatan di negara Afganistan setelah terbunuhnya Hafizullah Amin. Ideologi Parcham adalah pergerakan menuju sosialisme di Afganistan. Faksi Parcham mendukung ide ini karena mereka merasa Afganistan tidak terindustralisasi dengan baik. Lawan dari Parcham adalah faksi Khalq. Khalq memiliki pandangan lama tentang Marxis yang lebih mengutamakan menurunkan pemerintah dan mendirikan rezim komunis. Parcham dituduh membunuh ratusan orang Afganistan selama kepemimpinannya. Pada tahun 1992, Parcham mengubah namanya menjadi .
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- パルチャム派(パシュトー語:پرچم、英語:Parcham, Parcham faction)は、アフガニスタン人民民主党の派閥。 党内穏健派で、指導者としてバブラク・カールマルとムハンマド・ナジーブッラーを擁立した。党内急進派のハルク派と対立し、政権樹立当初こそ劣勢だったが、後にハフィーズッラー・アミーンが西側諸国に歩み寄り、警戒したソ連による嵐333号作戦を経てソ連の支持を受けて党内主流派となった。パルチャム派の党員はパルチャミストと呼ばれることがある。パルチャム派は、ハルク派が行ったアフガニスタンの社会的部族構造の改革に反対し、アフガニスタンに合う社会主義、またイスラム教の保護や急速な工業化を抑える事にも賛同した。 (ja)
- Parcham (em farsi: پرچم, que significa "faixa" ou "bandeira") era um dos grupos políticos pertencentes ao Partido Democrático do Povo do Afeganistão. A ideologia básica dos Parchamis era um de um movimento gradual em direção ao socialismo no Afeganistão; a facção apoiava esta ideia porque acreditava que o Afeganistão não era industrializado o suficiente para passar por uma verdadeira revolução proletária pedida no Manifesto Comunista. A facção Parcham tinha membros com base mais urbana que pertenciam às classes média e média alta. Em oposição aos moderados Parchamis, estava a facção Khalq mais radical. Os Khalqis (que significa "povo") desenvolveram uma linha mais enérgica, defendendo a derrubada imediata do governo e de um estabelecimento de um regime comunista à moda soviética. Além disso, ao contrário do Khalqis, a maioria dos Parchamis eram de minorias étnicas não-pashtuns. Entre 1968 e 1970, o Parcham conseguiu publicar seu próprio jornal, direito negado ao Khalq e, portanto, atuava na clandestinidade. Em 1973, o Parcham ajudou Mohammed Daoud Khan a derrubar a monarquia, e passou a integrar o regime, chegando inclusive a nomear ministros, e participou ativamente da repressão contra a oposição islâmica. Em 1992, o Parcham converteu-se em . (pt)
- 旗幟派（波斯语：پرچم）是阿富汗人民民主黨1967年分裂产生的派系，因该派出版机关刊物《旗帜》报而得名。该派最初的首领是巴布拉克·卡尔迈勒。该派和阿富汗人民民主黨另一派系人民派政見不合。该派在蘇聯入侵阿富汗後受蘇聯扶植掌握大權。 旗幟派的基本思想是：由于阿富汗没有發生產業革命，没有真正的無產階級去從事革命，因此應逐步實現社會主義。 由于他們不同意人民派的激进改革路線，因此在阿富汗中產階級中有更大的民意基礎。 在1992年阿富汗人民民主黨政权垮台后，一些旗帜派成员建立了阿富汗祖國黨。 (zh)
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- パルチャム派(パシュトー語:پرچم、英語:Parcham, Parcham faction)は、アフガニスタン人民民主党の派閥。 党内穏健派で、指導者としてバブラク・カールマルとムハンマド・ナジーブッラーを擁立した。党内急進派のハルク派と対立し、政権樹立当初こそ劣勢だったが、後にハフィーズッラー・アミーンが西側諸国に歩み寄り、警戒したソ連による嵐333号作戦を経てソ連の支持を受けて党内主流派となった。パルチャム派の党員はパルチャミストと呼ばれることがある。パルチャム派は、ハルク派が行ったアフガニスタンの社会的部族構造の改革に反対し、アフガニスタンに合う社会主義、またイスラム教の保護や急速な工業化を抑える事にも賛同した。 (ja)
- 旗幟派（波斯语：پرچم）是阿富汗人民民主黨1967年分裂产生的派系，因该派出版机关刊物《旗帜》报而得名。该派最初的首领是巴布拉克·卡尔迈勒。该派和阿富汗人民民主黨另一派系人民派政見不合。该派在蘇聯入侵阿富汗後受蘇聯扶植掌握大權。 旗幟派的基本思想是：由于阿富汗没有發生產業革命，没有真正的無產階級去從事革命，因此應逐步實現社會主義。 由于他們不同意人民派的激进改革路線，因此在阿富汗中產階級中有更大的民意基礎。 在1992年阿富汗人民民主黨政权垮台后，一些旗帜派成员建立了阿富汗祖國黨。 (zh)
- Το Παρτσάμ (παστού/περσικά: پرچم, μτφ: «Λάβαρο» ή «Σημαία») ήταν μία από τις συνιστώσες του Λαϊκού Δημοκρατικού Κόμματος του Αφγανιστάν. Η συνιστώσα Παρτσάμ ανέλαβε τη διακυβέρνηση της χώρας μετά την ανατροπή του Χαφιζουλάχ Αμίν τον Δεκέμβριο του 1979 (Επιχείρηση Καταιγίδα-333). Ο ηγέτης του Παρτσάμ Μπαμπράκ Καρμάλ αντικαταστάθηκε από τον Μοχαμάντ Νατζιμπουλάχ το 1986. Το 1992, το καθοδηγούμενο από το Παρτσάμ Λαϊκό Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα του Αφγανιστάν μετατράπηκε στο . (el)
- Parcham (Pashto and Dari: پرچم, lit. 'banner' or 'flag') was the name of one of the factions of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, formed in 1967 following its split and led for most of its history by Babrak Karmal and Mohammed Najibullah. The basic ideology of the Parchamites was one of a gradual move towards Islamic socialism in Afghanistan. The Parcham faction supported this idea because they felt that Afghanistan was not industrialized enough to undergo a true proletarian revolution as called for in the Communist Manifesto. (en)
- Parcham adalah salah satu faksi dalam Partai Demokrasi Rakyat Afganistan. Faksi Parcham mendapat kekuatan di negara Afganistan setelah terbunuhnya Hafizullah Amin. Ideologi Parcham adalah pergerakan menuju sosialisme di Afganistan. Faksi Parcham mendukung ide ini karena mereka merasa Afganistan tidak terindustralisasi dengan baik. Lawan dari Parcham adalah faksi Khalq. Khalq memiliki pandangan lama tentang Marxis yang lebih mengutamakan menurunkan pemerintah dan mendirikan rezim komunis. Parcham dituduh membunuh ratusan orang Afganistan selama kepemimpinannya.
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- Parcham (em farsi: پرچم, que significa "faixa" ou "bandeira") era um dos grupos políticos pertencentes ao Partido Democrático do Povo do Afeganistão. A ideologia básica dos Parchamis era um de um movimento gradual em direção ao socialismo no Afeganistão; a facção apoiava esta ideia porque acreditava que o Afeganistão não era industrializado o suficiente para passar por uma verdadeira revolução proletária pedida no Manifesto Comunista. A facção Parcham tinha membros com base mais urbana que pertenciam às classes média e média alta. Em oposição aos moderados Parchamis, estava a facção Khalq mais radical. Os Khalqis (que significa "povo") desenvolveram uma linha mais enérgica, defendendo a derrubada imediata do governo e de um estabelecimento de um regime comunista à moda soviética. Além diss (pt)
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