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Hip-hop-musiek

in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie
"Hip-hop" herlei hierheen. Sien Hip-hop (kultuur) vir sy kulturele oorsprong. Vir ander gebruike, sien Hip-hop (dubbelsinnigheid).

Hip-hop of hip hop, ook bekend as rap, en voormalig bekend as disco rap,[1][2] is 'n genre van populêre musiek wat in die vroeë 1970's ontstaan het deur Afro-Amerikaners en Karibiese immigrante in The Bronx,[3][4][5][6] 'n borough van New York Stad.[7][8][9] Hip-hop musiek het ontstaan as 'n genre teen dwelms en geweld[10] en bestaan uit gestileerde ritmiese musiek (gewoonlik gebou rondom trom-mate ) wat dikwels gepaard is met kletsrym, 'n ritmiese lewering van poëtiese spraak.[11] Volgens die professor Asante van Afro-Amerikaanse studies aan die Temple-universiteit is “hip hop iets wat swartes onomwonde as hul eie kan aanspraak maak”.[12] Die musiek het ontwikkel as deel van die breër hip-hop kultuur, 'n subkultuur gedefinieer deur vier sleutel stilistiese elemente: MCing/kletsrym, DJing/scratching saam met Turntablism, breakdancing, en graffiti-kuns.[13][14][15] Alhoewel dit dikwels gebruik word om uitsluitlik na rap- en rapmusiek te verwys, dui "hip hop" meer behoorlik die beoefening van die hele subkultuur aan.[16][17] Die term hip-hop-musiek word soms as 'n sinoniem gebruik met die term rapmusiek,[11][18] alhoewel kletsrym nie 'n vereiste komponent van hip-hop-musiek is nie; kan die genre ook ander elemente van die kultuur insluit, insluitendDJing, turntablism, scratching, beatboxing, en instrumentele snitte.[19][20]

Verwysings

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  1. ↑ Trapp, Erin (1 Julie 2005). "The Push and Pull of Hip-Hop: A Social Movement Analysis". American Behavioral Scientist. 48 (11): 1482. doi:10.1177/0002764205277427. S2CID 146340783. Much scholarly effort has been devoted to hip-hop (also known as rap) music in the past two decades...
  2. ↑ Leach, Andrew (2008). ""One Day It'll All Make Sense": Hip-Hop and Rap Resources for Music Librarians". Notes. 65 (1): 9–37. doi:10.1353/not.0.0039. ISSN 0027-4380. JSTOR 30163606. S2CID 144572911. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Januarie 2021. Besoek op 5 Desember 2020.
  3. ↑ "Hip hop is born at a birthday party in the Bronx – HISTORY".
  4. ↑ "The South Bronx: Where Hip-Hop Was Born". WNYC (in Engels). Besoek op 29 Maart 2023.
  5. ↑ "Birthplace Of Hip Hop | History Detectives". PBS. Besoek op 29 Maart 2023.
  6. ↑ "Hip-Hop: A Culture of Vision and Voice". The Kennedy Center (in Engels). Besoek op 29 Maart 2023.
  7. ↑ "Honolulu Star-Bulletin 01 Sep 1988, page 23". Newspapers.com (in Engels). Besoek op 7 Mei 2023.
  8. ↑ "Chicago Tribune 09 Jun 1985, page 282". Newspapers.com (in Engels). Besoek op 7 Mei 2023.
  9. ↑ "The Press-Tribune 15 Sep 1988, page 15". Newspapers.com (in Engels). Besoek op 7 Mei 2023.
  10. ↑ "News-Press 06 Jul 1984, page Page 43". Newspapers.com (in Engels). Besoek op 7 Mei 2023.
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Encyclopædia Britannica article on rap, retrieved from britannica.com Geargiveer 3 Augustus 2011 op Wayback Machine: Rap, musical style in which rhythmic and/or rhyming speech is chanted ("rapped") to musical accompaniment. This backing music, which can include digital sampling (music and sounds extracted from other recordings by a DJ), is also called hip-hop, the name used to refer to a broader cultural movement that includes rap, deejaying (turntable manipulation), graffiti painting, and break dancing.
  12. ↑ "The Boston Globe 27 Jul 1992, page 52". Newspapers.com (in Engels). Besoek op 7 Mei 2023.
  13. ↑ Kugelberg, Johan (2007). Born in the Bronx. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7893-1540-3.
  14. ↑ Brown, Lauren (18 Februarie 2009). "Hip to the Game – Dance World vs. Music Industry, The Battle for Hip Hop's Legacy". Movmnt Magazine. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 3 April 2010. Besoek op 30 Julie 2009.
  15. ↑ Chang, Jeff (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip Hop Generation. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-312-30143-X.
  16. ↑ Harvard Dictionary of Music article for hip hop, retrieved from Google Books Geargiveer 10 Januarie 2016 op Wayback Machine: While often used to refer to rap music, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture
  17. ↑ AllMusic article for Hip-hop/Urban, retrieved from AllMusic.com: Hip-Hop is the catch-all term for rap and the culture it spawned. Geargiveer 11 Maart 2012 op Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica article on hip-hop, retrieved from britannica.com Geargiveer 11 Mei 2011 op Wayback Machine: Hip-hop, cultural movement that attained widespread popularity in the 1980s and '90s; also, the backing music for rap, the musical style incorporating rhythmic and/or rhyming speech that became the movement's most lasting and influential art form.
  19. ↑ "Hip-hop". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Besoek op 5 Februarie 2017.
  20. ↑ "Hip-hop". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Besoek op 6 Oktober 2011.
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