Utenforskap, stigmatisering og fremmedfrykt på Agder: 1860 til i dag
This chapter concerns categorization that women who have come to Norway and Agder as refugees fro... more This chapter concerns categorization that women who have come to Norway and Agder as refugees from non-Western countries are subjected to on their way towards employment and life in Norway. The categorizing we write about is being done by welfare state professionals, volunteers and others, and it can make women with refugee backgrounds appear pitiful and incapable, some of them to quite an extent. This has negative consequences for the women and for society at large. We show how this categorizing is often a by-product of good intentions. Still, we argue that this practice should be understood as shaped by colonial understandings, that it is a subtle form of racism, and that it may be particularly widespread in Agder. However, we also show how many other institutional and societal forces are at play. We gradually zoom in on how employees in the Norwegian work and welfare administration (NAV) use generalized, problem-oriented understandings in their work with refugees. We also reflect...
In this paper, we explore the process of co-creation of knowledge between modelers and ethnograph... more In this paper, we explore the process of co-creation of knowledge between modelers and ethnographers through a project focusing on the role played by CIGS (Citizen initiatives for global solidarity) in the refugee crisis in the island of Lesvos, Greece. We describe the process of collaboration and discuss what this type of interdisciplinary collaboration may bring to the development of a research topic when the initial skepticism and questions of epistemological differences have been overcome. Moreover, we address some of the challenges embedded in this type of research collaboration, particularly the skepticism present within the social sciences.
... 418 Journal of Sustainable Tourism Page 3. ... 419 Page 4. A Conceptual Understanding of the ... more ... 418 Journal of Sustainable Tourism Page 3. ... 419 Page 4. A Conceptual Understanding of the Right of Public Access The debate over public access to nature is not only a practical question about securing opportunities for nature tourism and outdoor recreation. ...
Thomassen,J., Keyyu, J. & Haaland, H. 2005. The effects of congestion of vehicles on the environm... more Thomassen,J., Keyyu, J. & Haaland, H. 2005. The effects of congestion of vehicles on the environment – an EIA in the Ngorongoro crater. Results from the scoping process NINA Report 17. 68 pp. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) faces a great challenge in managing the vehicle congestion in the Ngorongoro crater. They are in need for an assessment of the present situation and realistic plans for mitigating measures and other management actions. The situation is also dealt with in the revised General Management Plan (GMP) for the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), which soon will be finished. Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) and Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) collaborate on capacity building, of which Environmental Impact Assessment is one of the tasks. In the capacity building programme it has been decided to use a concrete EIA as a training tool, where different training packages (proposal writing, project managing, reporting etc) are inclu...
This paper describes a prototype agent-based model used to explain why and how a norm of humanita... more This paper describes a prototype agent-based model used to explain why and how a norm of humanitarianism diffuses through a population. The model is constructed on norm diffusion theories as a foundation for developing explaining the emergence of Citizen Initiatives in a humanitarian and development context. We assume that in the model, some agents are already norm adopters (advocates), some have a humanitarian potential that can be activated with persuasion, while others will never adopt the norm of humanitarianism under any condition. In this model, we try to determine whether parameters such as agents’ values, thresholds for accepting alternative values, values degradation, and peer-pressure affect agents’ decision to become humanitarian activists.
Certain social norms evolve without punishment as conventions that do not adversely affect societ... more Certain social norms evolve without punishment as conventions that do not adversely affect society. In this paper, we depart from the notion that humanitarianism is one such social norm, where peer pressure may be the only type of punishment that encourages individuals to conform. Using an agent-based modeling approach, we examine the role that networked elites have in diffusing a non-punishment-enforced norm through an artificial society. The model considers norm advocates who promote a norm of humanitarianism, elites who have wide networks to spread the new norm, and general individuals who evaluate the norm pushed from elites and adopted by their peers. The study finds that, regardless of starting parameter values, the population converges into two groups: norm adopters and those who oppose the norm.
Utenforskap, stigmatisering og fremmedfrykt på Agder: 1860 til i dag
This chapter concerns categorization that women who have come to Norway and Agder as refugees fro... more This chapter concerns categorization that women who have come to Norway and Agder as refugees from non-Western countries are subjected to on their way towards employment and life in Norway. The categorizing we write about is being done by welfare state professionals, volunteers and others, and it can make women with refugee backgrounds appear pitiful and incapable, some of them to quite an extent. This has negative consequences for the women and for society at large. We show how this categorizing is often a by-product of good intentions. Still, we argue that this practice should be understood as shaped by colonial understandings, that it is a subtle form of racism, and that it may be particularly widespread in Agder. However, we also show how many other institutional and societal forces are at play. We gradually zoom in on how employees in the Norwegian work and welfare administration (NAV) use generalized, problem-oriented understandings in their work with refugees. We also reflect...
In this paper, we explore the process of co-creation of knowledge between modelers and ethnograph... more In this paper, we explore the process of co-creation of knowledge between modelers and ethnographers through a project focusing on the role played by CIGS (Citizen initiatives for global solidarity) in the refugee crisis in the island of Lesvos, Greece. We describe the process of collaboration and discuss what this type of interdisciplinary collaboration may bring to the development of a research topic when the initial skepticism and questions of epistemological differences have been overcome. Moreover, we address some of the challenges embedded in this type of research collaboration, particularly the skepticism present within the social sciences.
... 418 Journal of Sustainable Tourism Page 3. ... 419 Page 4. A Conceptual Understanding of the ... more ... 418 Journal of Sustainable Tourism Page 3. ... 419 Page 4. A Conceptual Understanding of the Right of Public Access The debate over public access to nature is not only a practical question about securing opportunities for nature tourism and outdoor recreation. ...
Thomassen,J., Keyyu, J. & Haaland, H. 2005. The effects of congestion of vehicles on the environm... more Thomassen,J., Keyyu, J. & Haaland, H. 2005. The effects of congestion of vehicles on the environment – an EIA in the Ngorongoro crater. Results from the scoping process NINA Report 17. 68 pp. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) faces a great challenge in managing the vehicle congestion in the Ngorongoro crater. They are in need for an assessment of the present situation and realistic plans for mitigating measures and other management actions. The situation is also dealt with in the revised General Management Plan (GMP) for the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), which soon will be finished. Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) and Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) collaborate on capacity building, of which Environmental Impact Assessment is one of the tasks. In the capacity building programme it has been decided to use a concrete EIA as a training tool, where different training packages (proposal writing, project managing, reporting etc) are inclu...
This paper describes a prototype agent-based model used to explain why and how a norm of humanita... more This paper describes a prototype agent-based model used to explain why and how a norm of humanitarianism diffuses through a population. The model is constructed on norm diffusion theories as a foundation for developing explaining the emergence of Citizen Initiatives in a humanitarian and development context. We assume that in the model, some agents are already norm adopters (advocates), some have a humanitarian potential that can be activated with persuasion, while others will never adopt the norm of humanitarianism under any condition. In this model, we try to determine whether parameters such as agents’ values, thresholds for accepting alternative values, values degradation, and peer-pressure affect agents’ decision to become humanitarian activists.
Certain social norms evolve without punishment as conventions that do not adversely affect societ... more Certain social norms evolve without punishment as conventions that do not adversely affect society. In this paper, we depart from the notion that humanitarianism is one such social norm, where peer pressure may be the only type of punishment that encourages individuals to conform. Using an agent-based modeling approach, we examine the role that networked elites have in diffusing a non-punishment-enforced norm through an artificial society. The model considers norm advocates who promote a norm of humanitarianism, elites who have wide networks to spread the new norm, and general individuals who evaluate the norm pushed from elites and adopted by their peers. The study finds that, regardless of starting parameter values, the population converges into two groups: norm adopters and those who oppose the norm.
Why did questions of indigenous rights and new indigenous development
models emerge within the di... more Why did questions of indigenous rights and new indigenous development models emerge within the discourse of international agencies in this particular period? One important explanation is found in the historical context of Latin America at the time. According to Van Cott (2008), new political movements emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a response to existing political parties’ failure to reduce poverty and inequality, the failure to protect citizens from crime and violence, and the failure to promote economic developmentand to protect human rights. The indigenous movements offered a critique ofneo-liberalism, of corruption as well as foreign, economic exploitation. Moreimportantly, they offered an alternative vision of respect for nature, government accountability, economic justice, social solidarity, collective identity and sovereignty
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Papers by Hanne Haaland
models emerge within the discourse of international agencies in this particular period? One important explanation is found in the historical context of Latin America at the time. According to Van Cott (2008), new political movements emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a response to existing political parties’ failure to reduce poverty and inequality, the failure to protect citizens from crime and violence, and the failure to promote economic developmentand to protect human rights. The indigenous movements offered a critique ofneo-liberalism, of corruption as well as foreign, economic exploitation. Moreimportantly, they offered an alternative vision of respect for nature, government accountability, economic justice, social solidarity, collective identity and sovereignty