- India
- I am a self made academician and physician.. Microbiology speedit
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Hand washing and hand hygiene are very important things to remember in the hospital practice as well as daily life. Hand hygiene can be performed by soap or hand sanitizer. Hand hygiene can lead to drastic reduction in transmission of... more
Hand washing and hand hygiene are very important things to remember in the hospital practice as well as daily life. Hand hygiene can be performed by soap or hand sanitizer. Hand hygiene can lead to drastic reduction in transmission of infections and also drug resistant bugs, and is thus also a good way to combat AMR or antimicrobial resistance in the community as well as in hospital setting. Hand hygiene can be maintained by hand washing or hand scrubbing, and both these things are important, depending on the hospital setting. Hand wash can be social, surgical and antiseptic. Hand hygiene can also be made more popular in the masses by a number of methods and educational activities. Compliance to hand hygiene among people is not always very great, even among the healthcare providers, and this should be a matter of concern. Hence hand hygiene assumes some importance, and is now considered a "do-it yourself vaccine". This topic is discussed less but is very important.
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Candida albicans is a smart pathogen causing many human infections, and is notorious for biofilm fomation that makes treatment very difficult. Biofilm formation implies refractoriness to therapy. So herbal compunds are the need of the... more
Candida albicans is a smart pathogen causing many human infections, and is notorious for biofilm fomation that makes treatment very difficult. Biofilm formation implies refractoriness to therapy. So herbal compunds are the need of the hour to tackle this proble. In this study we show by incubation with peptone water with neem extractya nd test tube mthod of biofilm study, that neem laves inhibited groth and biofilm in vitro by Candida albicans. Hence this extract should serve as source of future treatment options in infections caused by C. albicans.
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Bacterial contamination of palm of hand of health care givers like doctors and nurses can be an important source of nosocomial infections. Proper hand hygiene is hence key to prevent spread of such cross-infection. We studied the... more
Bacterial contamination of palm of hand of health care givers like doctors and nurses can be an important source of nosocomial infections. Proper hand hygiene is hence key to prevent spread of such cross-infection. We studied the bacterial flora of palm of hand of 101 clinical staff (Doctors of clinical specialties and nurses) and compared it with bacterial flora of 99 non-clinical staff (Doctors of non-clinical specialties and lab technicians and attendants). Hand swab was collected by a sterile swab moistened with sterile normal saline. Out of 101 clinical staff, 63(62.37%) showed hand swab positivity for bacteria. On the other hand, out of 99 non-clinical staff, 72 showed hand swab positivity for bacteria (72.72%). Among clinical staff, hands of 60.3% doctors (38 out of 63) and 65.7% nursing staff (25 out of 38) was contaminated with bacteria. The bacterium most commonly isolated from hands of clinical staff was Staphylococcus aureus, while the bacteria most frequently recovered ...
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Acinetobacter spp. are Gram negative coccobacilli causing variou s nosocomial infections. They possess different types of Beta-lactamases lik e SHV, TEM and others which lead to treatment failure in case of infections due to thi s... more
Acinetobacter spp. are Gram negative coccobacilli causing variou s nosocomial infections. They possess different types of Beta-lactamases lik e SHV, TEM and others which lead to treatment failure in case of infections due to thi s pathogen. Studying their species distribution in various infections and drug resistance patt ern is hence important. Hence our study was aimed to study the different infections caused by Acinetobacter spp, in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India and its antibiotic suscep tibility pattern.
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Infections that are found in the wound produced by any surgical process or procedure are termed surgical site infections in medical parlance. They can be caused by a number of virulent microorganisms, and can be prevented partly or fully,... more
Infections that are found in the wound produced by any surgical process or procedure are termed surgical site infections in medical parlance. They can be caused by a number of virulent microorganisms, and can be prevented partly or fully, by proper precautionary measures and early diagnosis and treatment. We here present a brief, comprehensive review of the epidemiology, causative microbes and management of these infections.
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Objectives: Invasive candidiasis has an attributable mortality of 10-49%. It is associated with biofilm formation over indwelling devices. Biofilm-associated upregulated drug efflux makes treatment expensive and ineffective. Hence... more
Objectives: Invasive candidiasis has an attributable mortality of 10-49%. It is associated with biofilm formation over indwelling devices. Biofilm-associated upregulated drug efflux makes treatment expensive and ineffective. Hence low-cost alternatives inhibiting Candidal biofilm formation are needed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibits growth of Candida albicans in vitro. This study aimed to detect whether secreted products of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially Pyocyanin, affect biofilm production by Candida albicans and C.tropicalis. Methods: P. aeruginosa strains were incubated overnight at 37°C in Luria broth and centrifuged. Supernatant was filtered by syringe filter (pore size 0.22μm). Yeast isolates were grown overnight in YPD broth (Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose). Turbidity was adjusted to 106 cells/ml in YPD and culture filtrate. Then 100 μl of both suspensions were dispensed in wells of flat-bottomed 96-well microtitre plate with normal saline as negative control. Wells were ...
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Air sampling and hospital environmental sampling are routine procedures for hospital infection control measures and nosocomial infection surveillance. Samples were taken from general wards, outpatient departments and laboratories, thrice... more
Air sampling and hospital environmental sampling are routine procedures for hospital infection control measures and nosocomial infection surveillance. Samples were taken from general wards, outpatient departments and laboratories, thrice from each site.Chocllate agar made from human blood and milk agar were used. Milk agar was superior to chocolate agar in retrieving S. aureus and Bacillus cereus , which produced distinct golden yellow pigment and colonies with surrounding halo on it, respectively. Hence milk agar can be a good replacement for chocolate agar and other media for air and other hospital environmental sampling.
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Non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria are very common causes of infection in the hospital. They are often resistant to multiple antibiotics and very difficult to treat. We here present a compilation of data regarding isolates of Moraxella... more
Non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria are very common causes of infection in the hospital. They are often resistant to multiple antibiotics and very difficult to treat. We here present a compilation of data regarding isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis and Acinetobacter spp. which were isolated from different sources of the hospital. They were isolated and identified by conventional biochemical tests. They were found to be mostly resistant to Cotrimoxazole and beta-lactams. Lipase was the principal virulence factor in both the bacteria. In cases of both, females were found to suffer more than males. This data can be helpful for devising pre-emptive antibiotic strategy and also for designing anti-virulence strategies. Keywords: Acinetobacter, Moraxella, Virulence
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Escherichia coli is one of the commonest bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially in women[1]. Urinary tract infections have an enormous disease burden, causing about 150 million cases per annum worldwide[2]. These E.... more
Escherichia coli is one of the commonest bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially in women[1]. Urinary tract infections have an enormous disease burden, causing about 150 million cases per annum worldwide[2]. These E. coli strains causing UTI are often multi drug resistant, i.e. refractory to 3 or more different classes of antibiotic agents[3]. Proper susceptibility data from a specified area is needed if empirical antibiotics are to be administered in this ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 2 (2015) pp. 701-705 http://www.ijcmas.com
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Antifungal susceptibility testing remains an area of intense interest because of the increasing number of clinical isolates resistant to antifungal therapy. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute has proposed reference broth micro... more
Antifungal susceptibility testing remains an area of intense interest because of the increasing number of clinical isolates resistant to antifungal therapy. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute has proposed reference broth micro dilution (BMD) method for susceptibility testing. The reference method is time-consuming and poorly suited for the routine clinical laboratory setting. Agar-based susceptibility testing methods, disk diffusion (DD) method and the E-test method can be an easier, reliable and less time consuming alternative for the BMD method. To compare the results of Amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, and Caspofungin susceptibility testing by DD, and the E-test method with the CLSI reference method for clinical Candida isolates. Broth Microdilution (BMD), E-test and Disk diffusion testing of the various clinical Candida isolates was performed in accordance with CLSI documents. The results obtained were analysed and compared. The categorical agreement for Ampho...
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Invasive candidiasis, caused mostly by Candida albicans and C. tropicalis is one of the most common causes of bloodstream infection with a substantial attributable mortality. This disease is associated with formation of structured,... more
Invasive candidiasis, caused mostly by Candida albicans and C. tropicalis is one of the most common causes of bloodstream infection with a substantial attributable mortality. This disease is associated with formation of structured, multilayered microbial communities known as biofilms over indwelling devices. Treatment is rendered difficult owing to factors like poor drug penetration through biofilms and high cost of the available antifungal drugs. Hence there is imminent need of developing low-cost natural compounds inhibiting Candidal biofilm formation in vitro. Organohalgen compounds derived from crude culture filtrate of Aspergillus flavus have been documented to impair in vitro Candidal survival. We aimed to detect the effect of preheated and unheated crude culture filtrate of Aspergillus flavus on biofilm formation of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis in vitro. Setting and Designs: Ours was a laboratory-based observational study with clinical isolates of the microorganisms sel...
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Staphylococcus aureus is a smart bacterium causing a wide range of infections in man. It is often found to be refractory to most antibiotics. This necessitates the discovery of new natural and low-cost compounds which can inhibit growth... more
Staphylococcus aureus is a smart bacterium causing a wide range of infections in man. It is often found to be refractory to most antibiotics. This necessitates the discovery of new natural and low-cost compounds which can inhibit growth of this pathogen, and at the same time be harmless to host cells. Our experiments showed that the saline extract of Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) inhibits growth of S. aureus at concentration of 8 gm/100 ml and inhibits protease of the same bacterium at concentration of 4 gm/100 ml. This study can show the path of synthesizing new, low cost, active pharmaceutical compounds that could kill this pathogen.
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Indoor microbial air flora is a cause of tremendous health concern in developing countries. A number of allergic and infective illnesses are linked to poor microbiological quality of indoor air in the hospital, like Bronchopulmonary... more
Indoor microbial air flora is a cause of tremendous health concern in developing countries. A number of allergic and infective illnesses are linked to poor microbiological quality of indoor air in the hospital, like Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, sick building syndrome and pneumonia. This air quality needs to be assessed by one or more of many standard methods available, old and new, and is very important to be studied and researched. Our article highlights these issues by literature search in the appropriate field
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Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic infection of man, and reactivation of latent disease in HIV-infected patients can cause fatal encephalitis. Diagnosis depends on demonstration of parasite-specific antibodies in serum. In HIV-infected... more
Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic infection of man, and reactivation of latent disease in HIV-infected patients can cause fatal encephalitis. Diagnosis depends on demonstration of parasite-specific antibodies in serum. In HIV-infected patients, IgM is often undetectable, whereas IgG remains detectable in the majority. Urine sample is very easily available and has not been evaluated for immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The study was an effort to find whether urine sample can be used in place of serum for immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out in serum and urine samples collected from 100 HIV-infected patients to detect anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies and whether positivity correlated with the CD4 T-cell counts of patients. In this study, we observed that there was no significant difference in positivity of anti-toxoplasma IgM and IgG between serum and urine samples of HIV-infected patients by ELISA. There was a negative correlation between CD4 count and seropositivity. Urine sample can be satisfactorily used in place of serum for immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
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Water is the portal on entry of many infections and hence, should be safe for drinking. There are several methods of water sanitation, such as filtration, boiling, and ultraviolet light. Hence, safe drinking water is very important for... more
Water is the portal on entry of many infections and hence, should be safe for drinking. There are several methods of water sanitation, such as filtration, boiling, and ultraviolet light. Hence, safe drinking water is very important for prevention of illnesses such as diarrhea and dysentery.
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Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic illness affecting humans. Reactivation of latent infection in HIV infected patients can cause encephalitis. Diagnosing the disease rests on serological methods. ELISA for IgG antibodies remains positive... more
Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic illness affecting humans. Reactivation of latent infection in HIV infected patients can cause encephalitis. Diagnosing the disease rests on serological methods. ELISA for IgG antibodies remains positive in most HIV-infected patients with toxoplasmosis while immunoblotting can predict the development of encephalitis. Immunodiagnosis by urine sample is easy and has been successfully tried in other parasitoses. So this study aimed at detection of antitoxoplasma antibodies by immunoblotting in sera and urine of HIV infected patients. In patients tested positive for antitoxoplasma IgG, the 97 kDa and 53 kDa antigenic bands were the most reactive in serum and urine respectively.These antigens can be purified and used for immunodiagnosis by ELISA and similar procedures to increase the specificity of diagnosis.
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Introduction and Aim: Identification of medically important yeasts like Candida albicans and Trichosporon spp. requires Dalmau technique performed in conventional media lke Corn meal agar and Rice extract agar, which are either costly or... more
Introduction and Aim: Identification of medically important yeasts like Candida albicans and Trichosporon spp. requires Dalmau technique performed in conventional media lke Corn meal agar and Rice extract agar, which are either costly or very prone to aerial contamination. Paan (Betel) leaves have since antiquity, been used as mouth freshener and carminative in South east Asia.
Air sampling and hospital environmental sampling are routine procedures for hospital infection control measures and nosocomial infection surveillance. Samples were taken from general wards, outpatient departments and laboratories,... more
Air sampling and hospital environmental sampling are routine procedures for hospital infection control measures and nosocomial infection surveillance. Samples were taken from general wards, outpatient departments and laboratories, thrice from each site.Chocllate agar made from human blood and milk agar were used. Milk agar was superior to chocolate agar in retrieving S. aureus and Bacillus cereus , which produced distinct golden yellow pigment and colonies with surrounding halo on it, respectively. Hence milk agar can be a good replacement for chocolate agar and other media for air and other hospital environmental sampling.
Research Interests:
Indoor microbial air flora is a cause of tremendous health concern in developing countries. A number of allergic and infective illnesses are linked to poor microbiological quality of indoor air in the hospital, like Bronchopulmonary... more
Indoor microbial air flora is a cause of tremendous health concern in developing countries. A number of allergic and infective illnesses are linked to poor microbiological quality of indoor air in the hospital, like Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, sick building syndrome and pneumonia. This air quality needs to be assessed by one or more of many standard methods available, old and new, and is very important to be studied and researched. Our article highlights these issues by literature search in the appropriate field.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
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Tulsi, mint and spinach, all are examples of culinary herbs and beneficial for health. They have digestive, antibacterial and many other medicinal properties. Many people, however, have also studied and found presence of enteropathogens... more
Tulsi, mint and spinach, all are examples of culinary herbs and beneficial for health. They have digestive, antibacterial and many other medicinal properties. Many people, however, have also studied and found presence of enteropathogens in such herbs and leafy greens. In the laboratory we have gone through different tests to identify the specific pathogen present on the leaves. This will be a milestone of public health research in food microbiology.
Keywords: Tulsi, Mint, Spinach, Bacteria.
Keywords: Tulsi, Mint, Spinach, Bacteria.