Reutilizing biomass ashes in agriculture can substitute inputs of P from finite primary sources. ... more Reutilizing biomass ashes in agriculture can substitute inputs of P from finite primary sources. However, recycling of ashes is disputed due to their content of toxic substances such as heavy metals. This study evaluates the potential risk of replacing easily soluble inorganic P fertilizer with P in biomass ashes in a barley crop grown on soil with adequate P status. Two contrasting doses of three different types of ashes were applied to an agricultural field with spring barley and compared to similar doses of triple-superphosphate fertilizer. In the second growing season after biomass ash application, grain, straw and root dry matter yield, and P and Cd uptake were determined. Resin-extractable P was measured in soil and the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal activity, colonization, and community composition were assessed. Crop yield was not affected by ash application, while P-uptake and mycorrhizal status were slightly enhanced with high ash applications. Changes to the myco...
ABSTRACT Abstract Using the nitrogen (N) in organic manures more effectively reduces losses to th... more ABSTRACT Abstract Using the nitrogen (N) in organic manures more effectively reduces losses to the environment. A requirement to take allowance of the N conserved by reduced ammonia (NH3)-emission techniques would increase manure-N efficiency by up to 15%. Covering manure stores and land application of slurry by injection beneath the soil surface and by rapid incorporation of both slurries and solid manures into uncropped soil reduce NH3 emissions. Injection of cattle slurry also reduces N immobilization compared with application methods, which mix the slurry with soil and increases manure-N efficiency by ca 10–15%. In growing cereals, NH3 emissions can be reduced by band spreading within the canopy. Anaerobic digestion of slurry may also increase manure-N availability in the season of application by 10–20%, compared with undigested slurry. Slurry acidification may increase manure-N efficiency by 35–65% by reducing total NH3 losses by 70% compared with unacidified slurry stored without cover and not incorporated after spreading. To fully utilize the fertilizer value of manure-N, uptake over more than 1 year needs to be accounted for. This is particularly important for solid manures which provide less-available N in the season after application than slurries but release more N to crops in subsequent years. Using manure-N as a sole N source may limit overall manure-N efficiency. Applying manures at reduced rates over a larger crop area, using N fertilizer at times when crop recovery of manure-N may be limited, may give the greatest overall manure-N efficiency.
ABSTRACT Nitrogen-15 labeled pig (Sus scrofa) manure was produced to study the homogeneity of lab... more ABSTRACT Nitrogen-15 labeled pig (Sus scrofa) manure was produced to study the homogeneity of labeled pig manure prepared for soil N cycling studies. Growing pigs were fed with a diet consisting of mainly N-15-labeled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) during a period of 11 d. Labeled feces and urine were collected separately. The N-15 enrichment of urine N was lower than that of fecal N except for the first 2 d of the N-15 feeding period. After 11 d of N-15 feeding, the N-15 enrichment of fecal N was 7% lower and urine N 28% lower than the enrichment of feed N. The homogeneity of N-15-labeling of feces N, sampled at different times during the N-15 feeding, was tested by an incubation test in quartz sand and soil. After 12 wk in soil at 20 degrees C, 25 to 27% of the feces N was in inorganic form, and the N mineralization rate declined after this period. The test indicated that the N-15-labeled pig feces had a satisfactory labeling homogeneity even though the feed ingredients had variable N-15 enrichments. We recommend the collection of urine and feces separately and the use of labeled feces in combination with unlabeled urine and vice versa in studies of the fate of pig manure N in agroecosystems. If feces and urine with a similar N-15 enrichment can be obtained the two components can be mixed in the same manure.
... Tillage-induced N mineralization and N uptake in winter wheat on a coarse sandy loam. ... Abs... more ... Tillage-induced N mineralization and N uptake in winter wheat on a coarse sandy loam. ... Abstract. The potential of adjusting soil N mineralization by soil tillage in the growing season was investigated in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) on a coarse sandy loam (Typic Hapludult). ...
Nitrogen (N) utilisation by crops has to be improved to minimize losses to the environment. We in... more Nitrogen (N) utilisation by crops has to be improved to minimize losses to the environment. We investigated N use efficiency of animal manure and mineral fertiliser and fate of fertiliser N not taken up by crops in a conventional (CONMIN) and a bio-organic (BIOORG) cropping system of a long-term field experiment over three vegetation periods (winter wheat–soybean–maize). Microplots planted with
ABSTRACT The influence of fertiliser incorporation and band injection on immobilisation and nitri... more ABSTRACT The influence of fertiliser incorporation and band injection on immobilisation and nitrification of ammonium-nitrogen (N) was investigated in a bare soil field experiment. Total and inorganic forms of in the 0–20 cm soil layer were measured on days 0, 7 and 16 after application in framed micro-plots. Injection of the nitrogen fertiliser in a concentrated band reduced immobilisation, leaving more of the applied fertiliser-N available to plants. Band injection also reduced the nitrification rate from 2.7 to 1.8 kg N ha−1 per day and thus reduced the risk of N leaching losses until depletion of the soil inorganic N pool by crop uptake.In a parallel field experiment, crop recovery of inorganic N forms was studied in framed micro-plots. Bands of , or solutions were injected parallel to a single row of spring wheat at early tillering. The injection depth as well as the band distance from the crop row was 5 cm. Root damage by injector tine was simulated using a knife. In addition, a treatment without root cut-off was included for the application to study effects of injector-tine-caused root damage on uptake. The crop recovery was calculated on eight sampling dates during the elongation phase; a sigmoid growth function was fitted for each of the four treatments and uptake parameters were estimated.The crop uptake of banded nitrogen occurred within 4 weeks after application and the average maximum crop recovery of 65% was not significantly affected by the treatments. Maximum uptake rate varied within 5.6–8.2 kg N ha−1 per day. Simulation of an injector tine by root cut-off delayed the start of uptake by 2–3 days, and reduced the maximum uptake rate by 2.6 kg N ha−1 per day. Differences between the ammonium- and nitrate-derived uptake courses were not significant. In contrast to findings for broadspread N-fertilisers, the crop uptake of ammonium-N and nitrate-N may be considered as similar after band injection of the fertiliser.
... Studies on the fly ashes of coal ( [El-Mogazi et al., 1988] , [Chaudhuri et al., 2003] , [Pat... more ... Studies on the fly ashes of coal ( [El-Mogazi et al., 1988] , [Chaudhuri et al., 2003] , [Pathan et al., 2003] , [Jala and Goyal, 2006] and [0200] ) and wood ( [Demeyer et al., 2001] , [Cavaleri et al., 2004] and [0175] ) show their ameliorating effect on soil properties and positive ...
Acidification of slurry with sulfuric acid is a recent agricultural practice that may serve a dou... more Acidification of slurry with sulfuric acid is a recent agricultural practice that may serve a double purpose: reducing ammonia emission and ensuring crop sulfur sufficiency. We investigated S transformations in untreated and acidified pig slurry stored for up to 11 mo at 2, 10, or 20 degrees C. Furthermore, the fertilizer efficiency of sulfuric acid in acidified slurry was investigated in a pot experiment with spring barley. The sulfate content from acidification with sulfuric acid was relatively stable and even after 11 mo of storage the majority was in the plant-available sulfate form. Microbial sulfate reduction during storage of acidified pig slurry was limited, presumably due to initial pH effects and a limitation in the availability of easily degradable organic matter. Sulfide accumulation was observed during storage but the sulfide levels in acidified slurry did not exceed those of the untreated slurry for several months after addition. The S fertilizer value of the acidified slurry was considerable as a result of the stable sulfate pool during storage. The high content of inorganic S in the acidified slurry may potentially lead to development of odorous volatile sulfur-containing compounds and investigations are needed into the relationship between odor development and the C and S composition of the slurry.
Reutilizing biomass ashes in agriculture can substitute inputs of P from finite primary sources. ... more Reutilizing biomass ashes in agriculture can substitute inputs of P from finite primary sources. However, recycling of ashes is disputed due to their content of toxic substances such as heavy metals. This study evaluates the potential risk of replacing easily soluble inorganic P fertilizer with P in biomass ashes in a barley crop grown on soil with adequate P status. Two contrasting doses of three different types of ashes were applied to an agricultural field with spring barley and compared to similar doses of triple-superphosphate fertilizer. In the second growing season after biomass ash application, grain, straw and root dry matter yield, and P and Cd uptake were determined. Resin-extractable P was measured in soil and the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal activity, colonization, and community composition were assessed. Crop yield was not affected by ash application, while P-uptake and mycorrhizal status were slightly enhanced with high ash applications. Changes to the myco...
ABSTRACT Abstract Using the nitrogen (N) in organic manures more effectively reduces losses to th... more ABSTRACT Abstract Using the nitrogen (N) in organic manures more effectively reduces losses to the environment. A requirement to take allowance of the N conserved by reduced ammonia (NH3)-emission techniques would increase manure-N efficiency by up to 15%. Covering manure stores and land application of slurry by injection beneath the soil surface and by rapid incorporation of both slurries and solid manures into uncropped soil reduce NH3 emissions. Injection of cattle slurry also reduces N immobilization compared with application methods, which mix the slurry with soil and increases manure-N efficiency by ca 10–15%. In growing cereals, NH3 emissions can be reduced by band spreading within the canopy. Anaerobic digestion of slurry may also increase manure-N availability in the season of application by 10–20%, compared with undigested slurry. Slurry acidification may increase manure-N efficiency by 35–65% by reducing total NH3 losses by 70% compared with unacidified slurry stored without cover and not incorporated after spreading. To fully utilize the fertilizer value of manure-N, uptake over more than 1 year needs to be accounted for. This is particularly important for solid manures which provide less-available N in the season after application than slurries but release more N to crops in subsequent years. Using manure-N as a sole N source may limit overall manure-N efficiency. Applying manures at reduced rates over a larger crop area, using N fertilizer at times when crop recovery of manure-N may be limited, may give the greatest overall manure-N efficiency.
ABSTRACT Nitrogen-15 labeled pig (Sus scrofa) manure was produced to study the homogeneity of lab... more ABSTRACT Nitrogen-15 labeled pig (Sus scrofa) manure was produced to study the homogeneity of labeled pig manure prepared for soil N cycling studies. Growing pigs were fed with a diet consisting of mainly N-15-labeled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) during a period of 11 d. Labeled feces and urine were collected separately. The N-15 enrichment of urine N was lower than that of fecal N except for the first 2 d of the N-15 feeding period. After 11 d of N-15 feeding, the N-15 enrichment of fecal N was 7% lower and urine N 28% lower than the enrichment of feed N. The homogeneity of N-15-labeling of feces N, sampled at different times during the N-15 feeding, was tested by an incubation test in quartz sand and soil. After 12 wk in soil at 20 degrees C, 25 to 27% of the feces N was in inorganic form, and the N mineralization rate declined after this period. The test indicated that the N-15-labeled pig feces had a satisfactory labeling homogeneity even though the feed ingredients had variable N-15 enrichments. We recommend the collection of urine and feces separately and the use of labeled feces in combination with unlabeled urine and vice versa in studies of the fate of pig manure N in agroecosystems. If feces and urine with a similar N-15 enrichment can be obtained the two components can be mixed in the same manure.
... Tillage-induced N mineralization and N uptake in winter wheat on a coarse sandy loam. ... Abs... more ... Tillage-induced N mineralization and N uptake in winter wheat on a coarse sandy loam. ... Abstract. The potential of adjusting soil N mineralization by soil tillage in the growing season was investigated in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) on a coarse sandy loam (Typic Hapludult). ...
Nitrogen (N) utilisation by crops has to be improved to minimize losses to the environment. We in... more Nitrogen (N) utilisation by crops has to be improved to minimize losses to the environment. We investigated N use efficiency of animal manure and mineral fertiliser and fate of fertiliser N not taken up by crops in a conventional (CONMIN) and a bio-organic (BIOORG) cropping system of a long-term field experiment over three vegetation periods (winter wheat–soybean–maize). Microplots planted with
ABSTRACT The influence of fertiliser incorporation and band injection on immobilisation and nitri... more ABSTRACT The influence of fertiliser incorporation and band injection on immobilisation and nitrification of ammonium-nitrogen (N) was investigated in a bare soil field experiment. Total and inorganic forms of in the 0–20 cm soil layer were measured on days 0, 7 and 16 after application in framed micro-plots. Injection of the nitrogen fertiliser in a concentrated band reduced immobilisation, leaving more of the applied fertiliser-N available to plants. Band injection also reduced the nitrification rate from 2.7 to 1.8 kg N ha−1 per day and thus reduced the risk of N leaching losses until depletion of the soil inorganic N pool by crop uptake.In a parallel field experiment, crop recovery of inorganic N forms was studied in framed micro-plots. Bands of , or solutions were injected parallel to a single row of spring wheat at early tillering. The injection depth as well as the band distance from the crop row was 5 cm. Root damage by injector tine was simulated using a knife. In addition, a treatment without root cut-off was included for the application to study effects of injector-tine-caused root damage on uptake. The crop recovery was calculated on eight sampling dates during the elongation phase; a sigmoid growth function was fitted for each of the four treatments and uptake parameters were estimated.The crop uptake of banded nitrogen occurred within 4 weeks after application and the average maximum crop recovery of 65% was not significantly affected by the treatments. Maximum uptake rate varied within 5.6–8.2 kg N ha−1 per day. Simulation of an injector tine by root cut-off delayed the start of uptake by 2–3 days, and reduced the maximum uptake rate by 2.6 kg N ha−1 per day. Differences between the ammonium- and nitrate-derived uptake courses were not significant. In contrast to findings for broadspread N-fertilisers, the crop uptake of ammonium-N and nitrate-N may be considered as similar after band injection of the fertiliser.
... Studies on the fly ashes of coal ( [El-Mogazi et al., 1988] , [Chaudhuri et al., 2003] , [Pat... more ... Studies on the fly ashes of coal ( [El-Mogazi et al., 1988] , [Chaudhuri et al., 2003] , [Pathan et al., 2003] , [Jala and Goyal, 2006] and [0200] ) and wood ( [Demeyer et al., 2001] , [Cavaleri et al., 2004] and [0175] ) show their ameliorating effect on soil properties and positive ...
Acidification of slurry with sulfuric acid is a recent agricultural practice that may serve a dou... more Acidification of slurry with sulfuric acid is a recent agricultural practice that may serve a double purpose: reducing ammonia emission and ensuring crop sulfur sufficiency. We investigated S transformations in untreated and acidified pig slurry stored for up to 11 mo at 2, 10, or 20 degrees C. Furthermore, the fertilizer efficiency of sulfuric acid in acidified slurry was investigated in a pot experiment with spring barley. The sulfate content from acidification with sulfuric acid was relatively stable and even after 11 mo of storage the majority was in the plant-available sulfate form. Microbial sulfate reduction during storage of acidified pig slurry was limited, presumably due to initial pH effects and a limitation in the availability of easily degradable organic matter. Sulfide accumulation was observed during storage but the sulfide levels in acidified slurry did not exceed those of the untreated slurry for several months after addition. The S fertilizer value of the acidified slurry was considerable as a result of the stable sulfate pool during storage. The high content of inorganic S in the acidified slurry may potentially lead to development of odorous volatile sulfur-containing compounds and investigations are needed into the relationship between odor development and the C and S composition of the slurry.
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