In spite of the massive admittance of women into the workplace, and the increasing numbers of wom... more In spite of the massive admittance of women into the workplace, and the increasing numbers of women holding mid-level managerial positions, top-level positions remain as elusive to women today as they were more than a decade ago. Working in a world dominated by male decision-makers and their established practices, women encounter a variety of barriers that impede their progress towards top positions in their careers. One widely accepted explanation for this small number of female executives is the persistence of negative stereotypes, discrimination and glass ceiling against women as managers. As for those women who succeed in reaching managerial positions, they are further subjected to comparisons with their male counterparts regarding their leadership skills. Accordingly, one wonders if gender has any direct effect in the pursuit of leadership. This paper uses exploratory research to shed light on the different factors that affect women’s actual behavior and performance at top posi...
Lebanon is a small country with a total area of 1.01 million hectares, out of which 20% is classi... more Lebanon is a small country with a total area of 1.01 million hectares, out of which 20% is classified as arable land by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) of the United Nations (UN) .One fifth of the four million populations are engaged directly or indirectly in agriculture, 80% of which are small farmers operating an average irrigated farm size of 5 hectares. The agricultural activity in Israel includes agriculture, forestry and fishing as defined in the Standard Classification of Economic Activities. Plant crops, forestation and gardening, raising livestock, and livestock products make up the agriculture in Israel. This paper casts a comparative economic assessment of the Lebanese and Israeli agricultural sectors by utilizing price and cost values. Crops with lower cost of production and lower market prices constitute the main basis for a comparative advantage determination. The most dreadful competition bet...
Journal of Business & Management (COES&RJ-JBM), pages 112-135. Abstract: Marketing advertising is... more Journal of Business & Management (COES&RJ-JBM), pages 112-135. Abstract: Marketing advertising is one of the fundamental activities performed by all businesses. Millions of dollars are budgeted to attract new customers and to retain current customers. However, there has been a continuous debate among marketers about the use of subliminal messages in advertising. Many believe in the power of the subconscious and propose that subliminal messages are hidden in ads and are addressed to that hidden part of the brain. Although researches in this field have not proven that subliminal messages affect human behavior per se, results of the studies that examined the effect of subliminal messages have been contradictory; there is no clear evidence as to how this concept works. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the dilemma of subliminal messages as used in Lebanese marketing advertising. A sample of MBA students has been exposed to a selection of examples of such messages; the result...
Reality T.V programs are now invading the Arab world and are attracting viewers of all ages, most... more Reality T.V programs are now invading the Arab world and are attracting viewers of all ages, most specifically Arab teenagers. Being live programs taken from real life situations, Reality TV shows feature and monitor the emotions and behaviors of those who are usually involved for the purpose of winning a prize. However, the question to be asked is to what extent such programs are affecting teenagers, being the most susceptible audience. This paper has many objectives including: assessing the authenticity of the television programs; probing the extent the image reflected by talent-contestant shows, namely Star Academy, is affecting teenagers’ life; and, assessing what major role Star Academy plays in motivating and influencing the teenage audience. This research is exploratory and uses a quantitative approach; it relies on the use of a survey questionnaire addressed to a convenient sample of 300 teenagers. Findings are to help educators and policy makers to plan for mediations to reduce the negative influences of such programs, and to capitalize on the opportunities that result from free-will decisions.
In spite of the massive admittance of women into the workplace, and the increasing numbers of wom... more In spite of the massive admittance of women into the workplace, and the increasing numbers of women holding mid-level managerial positions, top-level positions remain as elusive to women today as they were more than a decade ago. Working in a world dominated by male decision-makers and their established practices, women encounter a variety of barriers that impede their progress towards top positions in their careers. One widely accepted explanation for this small number of female executives is the persistence of negative stereotypes, discrimination and glass ceiling against women as managers. As for those women who succeed in reaching managerial positions, they are further subjected to comparisons with their male counterparts regarding their leadership skills. Accordingly, one wonders if gender has any direct effect in the pursuit of leadership. This paper uses exploratory research to shed light on the different factors that affect women’s actual behavior and performance at top posi...
Lebanon is a small country with a total area of 1.01 million hectares, out of which 20% is classi... more Lebanon is a small country with a total area of 1.01 million hectares, out of which 20% is classified as arable land by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) of the United Nations (UN) .One fifth of the four million populations are engaged directly or indirectly in agriculture, 80% of which are small farmers operating an average irrigated farm size of 5 hectares. The agricultural activity in Israel includes agriculture, forestry and fishing as defined in the Standard Classification of Economic Activities. Plant crops, forestation and gardening, raising livestock, and livestock products make up the agriculture in Israel. This paper casts a comparative economic assessment of the Lebanese and Israeli agricultural sectors by utilizing price and cost values. Crops with lower cost of production and lower market prices constitute the main basis for a comparative advantage determination. The most dreadful competition bet...
Journal of Business & Management (COES&RJ-JBM), pages 112-135. Abstract: Marketing advertising is... more Journal of Business & Management (COES&RJ-JBM), pages 112-135. Abstract: Marketing advertising is one of the fundamental activities performed by all businesses. Millions of dollars are budgeted to attract new customers and to retain current customers. However, there has been a continuous debate among marketers about the use of subliminal messages in advertising. Many believe in the power of the subconscious and propose that subliminal messages are hidden in ads and are addressed to that hidden part of the brain. Although researches in this field have not proven that subliminal messages affect human behavior per se, results of the studies that examined the effect of subliminal messages have been contradictory; there is no clear evidence as to how this concept works. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the dilemma of subliminal messages as used in Lebanese marketing advertising. A sample of MBA students has been exposed to a selection of examples of such messages; the result...
Reality T.V programs are now invading the Arab world and are attracting viewers of all ages, most... more Reality T.V programs are now invading the Arab world and are attracting viewers of all ages, most specifically Arab teenagers. Being live programs taken from real life situations, Reality TV shows feature and monitor the emotions and behaviors of those who are usually involved for the purpose of winning a prize. However, the question to be asked is to what extent such programs are affecting teenagers, being the most susceptible audience. This paper has many objectives including: assessing the authenticity of the television programs; probing the extent the image reflected by talent-contestant shows, namely Star Academy, is affecting teenagers’ life; and, assessing what major role Star Academy plays in motivating and influencing the teenage audience. This research is exploratory and uses a quantitative approach; it relies on the use of a survey questionnaire addressed to a convenient sample of 300 teenagers. Findings are to help educators and policy makers to plan for mediations to reduce the negative influences of such programs, and to capitalize on the opportunities that result from free-will decisions.
Uploads
shows feature and monitor the emotions and behaviors of those who are usually involved for the purpose of winning a prize. However, the question to be asked is to what extent such programs are affecting teenagers, being the most susceptible audience. This paper has many objectives including: assessing the authenticity of the television programs; probing the extent the image reflected by talent-contestant shows, namely Star Academy, is affecting teenagers’ life; and, assessing what major role Star Academy plays in motivating and influencing the teenage audience. This research is exploratory and uses a quantitative approach; it relies on the use of a survey questionnaire addressed to a convenient sample of 300 teenagers. Findings are to help educators and policy makers to plan for mediations to reduce the negative influences of such
programs, and to capitalize on the opportunities that result from free-will decisions.
shows feature and monitor the emotions and behaviors of those who are usually involved for the purpose of winning a prize. However, the question to be asked is to what extent such programs are affecting teenagers, being the most susceptible audience. This paper has many objectives including: assessing the authenticity of the television programs; probing the extent the image reflected by talent-contestant shows, namely Star Academy, is affecting teenagers’ life; and, assessing what major role Star Academy plays in motivating and influencing the teenage audience. This research is exploratory and uses a quantitative approach; it relies on the use of a survey questionnaire addressed to a convenient sample of 300 teenagers. Findings are to help educators and policy makers to plan for mediations to reduce the negative influences of such
programs, and to capitalize on the opportunities that result from free-will decisions.