Papers by Christos L Stergiou
In book: Geohazards in European Geoparks, 2024
The Vikos-Aoos UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) in the region of Epirus, NW Greece, covers an area of... more The Vikos-Aoos UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) in the region of Epirus, NW Greece, covers an area of 1,200 km2 across the Pindus Mountain Range (Figure 1,2). In the geopark large scale folding and faulting have drastically shaped a mountainous and rugged landscape, interrupted by steep gorges and elongated narrow valleys, while glaciation and karstification have further shaped the regional landforms. Human settlement in this tightly structured environment dates back to the Late Upper Palaeolithic to Mesolithic era (16.5 to 9.5 thousand years before present), when confronted with geohazards stemming from the post-glacial environment, such as flash flooding and downslope movements of scree. Nowadays, the most alarming geohazards in the Vikos-Aoos Geopark are related to seismic activity. The Konitsa fault is a well-studied active seismogenic normal fault, while a recent earthquake (2016, NW Ioannina, M= 5.5) showed that the unexposed thrust faults lying deeper in the crust are also highly significant in seismic risk assessment.
Link to to the open access volume: https://kulasalihligeopark.com/en/kutuphane/?fbclid=IwAR2SNiquNvsDuKjsdMlnirARjtwbztKcpSFgXgQO5x_Wh3KEOs3_Oc1Tyz4_aem_AaL-cVHUqEj8P1DspnYDgHYng1Jji-phv_S6jF4A3OgFlWDvxtLcE2VT2bi7hhBIwi_ekEIYStgQK3fMSZUXYko3
Materials Proceedings, 2023
Supply risk and economic importance are the key aspects controlling the metals classified as crit... more Supply risk and economic importance are the key aspects controlling the metals classified as critical. Several of the critical metals are also classified as rare based on their restricted geological availability. In Europe, numerous mineralizations have been reported as being enriched in critical, strategic, and rare metals, and could potentially facilitate the production of these metals as byproducts. Within this context, this paper reviews the critical and rare metals incorporated in the vein-type mineralization hosted in the Vertiskos unit in Greece. Several Cenozoic polymetallic mineralizations hosted in quartz veins and metamorphic rocks, which are enriched in Cu–As–Pb–Bi–Ag–Au–Te or in Sb-W are being reported in the region. The polymetallic mineral assemblages are characterized by base metal sulfides—Bi-sulfosalts, Bi-sulfotellurides, and tellurides—associated with Au and Ag. On the contrary, Bi-Te mineral phases are lacking or are completely absent from the Sb-W mineralization. The highest critical metals enrichments are reported from Kolchiko and include Bi (995 ppm), Co (320 ppm) andW(844 ppm). Gold is up to 28.3 ppm in Koronouda, while Ag reaches up to 2433 ppm in Laodikino.
Proceedings of the 3rd Meeting of the Association of Ground Stone Tools Research, 2022
Geosciences (Switzerland), 2023
The stibnite mineralization at Rizana (Kilkis ore district; Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic provinc... more The stibnite mineralization at Rizana (Kilkis ore district; Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province; northern Greece) occurs along a NE-SW-trending brittle shear-zone, which transects a two-mica and an augen-gneiss of the Vertiskos Unit. Barren Triassic A-type granites and satellite pegmatites and aplites, as well as Oligocene-Miocene plutonic, subvolcanic and volcanic rocks that are variably hydrothermally altered and mineralized, outcrop in the broader region. The mineralization appears as veins, discordant lodes and disseminations. Veins and discordant lodes exhibit massive and brecciated textures. Historic underground mining (1930s-1950s) produced 9000 t of stibnite ore, grading 40% Sb on average. The main ore mineral assemblage includes stibnite + berthierite + sphalerite + pyrite + chalcopyrite + native antimony and traces of wolframite, galena, tetrahedrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, realgar, native arsenic and native gold. Quartz, minor barite and ankerite are the gangue minerals. Sericitization and silicification developed along the shear-zone, forming hydrothermal halos of moderate intensity in the two-mica gneiss. Locally, valentinite, goethite and claudetite are present due to the supergene oxidation of the stibnite mineralization. Bulk ore geochemistry shows enrichments in specific elements including As, Au, Cd, Se, Tl and W. Fluid inclusion microthermometry showed that the mineralization was formed under a limited range of temperatures and salinities. The fluids had low to slightly moderate salinities (6.6-8.1 wt% equiv. NaCl) with low homogenization temperatures (217-254 °C, with a maximum at 220 °C).
COOKING WITH PLANTS IN ANCIENT EUROPE AND BEYOND. Interdisciplinary approaches to the archaeology of plant foods, 2022
Excavations at Neolithic Avgi (ca. 5,700/5,500-4,700-4,300 cal BC), in the region of Kastoria, NW... more Excavations at Neolithic Avgi (ca. 5,700/5,500-4,700-4,300 cal BC), in the region of Kastoria, NW Greece, brought to light thousands of macrolithic (or ground stone) artifacts. Besides the common macrolithic types (i.e. grinding tools, edge tools, polishing tools, abrading tools etc.) the assemblage includes an intriguing group of 63 burnt fragments of sandstone slabs. The use of these implements is enigmatic, but the recurrent presence of burning traces on them could suggest that it was somehow related to fire activities. To the present day, similar artifacts are not reported from any other Neolithic site in Greece. In this chapter, we present these rare finds and try to understand their use(s) through the macroscopic analysis of their technological attributes, their spatiotemporal distribution within the neolithic site, the petrographic identification of their raw materials and also through experimentation. Our results are further corroborated by observations on the use of similar slabs as cooking surfaces for the baking of pies, documented by traditional practices in Kastoria, as well as in other regions of Greece.
COOKING WITH PLANTS IN ANCIENT EUROPE AND BEYOND Interdisciplinary approaches to the archaeology of plant foods, 2022
Excavations at Neolithic Avgi (ca 5700/5500-4700-4300 cal BC), in the region of Kastoria, NW Gree... more Excavations at Neolithic Avgi (ca 5700/5500-4700-4300 cal BC), in the region of Kastoria, NW Greece, brought to light thousands of macrolithic (or ground stone) artifacts. Besides the common macrolithic types (i.e. grinding tools, edge tools, polishing tools, abrading tools etc) the assemblage includes an intriguing group of 63 burnt fragments of sandstone slabs. The use of these implements is enigmatic, but the recurrent presence of burning traces on them could suggest that it was somehow related to fire activities. To the present day, similar artifacts are not reported from any other Neolithic site in Greece. In this chapter, we present these rare finds and try to understand their use(s) through the macroscopic analysis of their technological attributes, their spatiotemporal distribution within the neolithic site, the petrographic identification of their raw materials and also through experimentation. Our results are further corroborated by observations on the use of similar slabs as cooking surfaces for the baking of pies, documented by traditional practices in the region of Kastoria, as well as in other regions of Greece.
HUNTER-GATHERERS IN TRANSITION: THE CASE OF BOILA
ROCKSHELTER IN VOIDOMATIS BASIN, WESTERN PINDO... more HUNTER-GATHERERS IN TRANSITION: THE CASE OF BOILA
ROCKSHELTER IN VOIDOMATIS BASIN, WESTERN PINDOS
PARASKEVI ELEFANTI - GILBERT DAVID MARSHALL - ELENI KOTJABOPOULOU -
EUGENIA ADAM - CHRISTOS STERGIOU
Excavations during the 1990s at Boila rockshelter at the western mouth of the Vikos Gorge,
where the Voidomatis river flows into the plain of Konitsa, revealed an occupation site
complimentary to the previously established network of Upper Palaeolithic settlement in
the area. Other sites further within the gorge include Klithi and Megalakkos rockshelters.
In contrast to these, Boila was also in use during the early Holocene and therefore provides
evidence for adaptation by final Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers to the changing
environmental conditions in the region. Our paper presents new information on stone tool
technology at Boila from the final Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic, which expands on the
already rich evidence from the region, as well as offering comparisons with sites from other
areas in Greece and elsewhere
Applied Sciences, 2022
The Gerakario Cu-Au porphyry deposit in the Kilkis ore district, northern Greece, contains epithe... more The Gerakario Cu-Au porphyry deposit in the Kilkis ore district, northern Greece, contains epithermal quartz-stibnite veins on the eastern side of the deposit, which crosscut a two-mica gneiss. Metallic mineralization in these veins consists of stibnite + berthierite + native antimony + pyrite + arsenopyrite, and minor marcasite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, löllingite, and native gold. Bulk geochemical analyses of the ore reveal an enrichment in critical and rare metals, including Ag, Au, Bi, Ce, Co, Ga, La, and Sb. Analysis of stibnite with LA-ICP-MS showed an enrichment in base metals (As, Cu, Pb), as well as weak to moderate contents of critical and rare metals (Ag, Bi, Ce, La, Re, Sm, Th, Ti, Tl). A statistical analysis of the trace elements show a positive correlation for the elemental pairs Ce-La, Ce-Sb, and La-Sb, and a negative correlation for the pair Bi-Sb. Fluid inclusions in the A-type veins of the porphyry-style mineralization show the presence of fluid boiling, resulting in a highly saline aqueous fluid phase (35.7 to 45.6 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and a moderately saline gas phase (14 to 22 wt.% NaCl equiv.) in the system H2O-NaCl-KCl at temperatures varying between 380o and 460 oC and pressures from 100 to 580 bar. Mixing of the moderate saline fluid with meteoric water produced less saline fluids (8 to 10 wt.% NaCl equiv.), which are associated with the epithermal quartz-stibnite vein mineralization. This process took place under hydrostatic pressures ranging from 65 to 116 bar at a depth between 600 and 1000 m, and at temperatures mainly from 280o to 320 oC.
Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science, 2018
Proceedings of the 3rd Meeting of the Association of Ground Stone Tools Research, 2021
During the past decades prehistoric grinding implements have gained a prominent position in archa... more During the past decades prehistoric grinding implements have gained a prominent position in archaeological discourse. In Northern Greece, recent excavations on several neolithic sites have yielded rich assemblages consisting of ground stone tools that have generated discussions regarding the role and varied meaning of grinding implements for the farming communities of the region. Unlike the Neolithic, however, little research on Bronze Age grinding implements has been conducted.
This paper presents new evidence on the grinding tools (grinding slabs and grinders) of two Bronze Age tell-sites from Macedonia: Archontiko in the region of Pella (Early/Late Bronze Age, circa 2200-1400 BCE), and Angelochori in the region of Imathia (Late Bronze Age, circa 1630-1100 BCE). The study of the grinding toolkits was conducted in the framework of the PLANTCULT Project (ERC Consolidator Grant, GA 682529). Through the comparison of several technical and biographical attributes (i.e. raw materials, morphometrical features, manufacture and curation techniques, modes of use, recycling patterns, disuse and destruction), as well as the investigation of their contexts of use and deposition, we seek to investigate how grinding technology and the related food-preparation activities were manifested, articulated and practiced within two different Bronze Age communities of Northern Greece. Furthermore, we will attempt to put the implements under study in their wider social and cultural context by addressing their similarities and differences with other grinding assemblages from Northern Greece.
Archaeometry, 2021
The provenance of the lithic raw materials employed in the production of macrolithic artefacts at... more The provenance of the lithic raw materials employed in the production of macrolithic artefacts at Neolithic Avgi (Middle–Late Neolithic, c.5700–4500 cal BCE) in Kastoria, north-western Greece, is studied. Mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical analysis was conducted on selected samples of the archaeological material, supported by geological fieldwork and outcrop sampling. The majority of the macrolithic stone artefacts was manufactured by local raw materials, originating from either the neighbouring ophiolites at Maniakoi or the alluvial sediments of the Aliakmon River and its tributaries. A minor amount of artefacts was produced from ‘exotic’ rocks, such as marble, malachite and amber. The study of two marble artefacts indicates that the raw material is from the island of Naxos in Aegean, although the neighbouring island of Paros is not excluded, suggesting the participation of the Neolithic community of Avgi in social and/or exchange networks.
Minerals, 2021
The Vathi porphyry Cu-Au±Mo deposit is located in the Kilkis ore district, northern Greece. Hydro... more The Vathi porphyry Cu-Au±Mo deposit is located in the Kilkis ore district, northern Greece. Hydrothermally altered and mineralized samples of latite and quartz monzonite are enriched with numerous rare and critical metals. The present study focuses on the bulk geochemistry and the mineral chemistry of pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, and titanite. Pyrite and chalcopyrite are the most abundant ore minerals at Vathi and are related to potassic, propylitic, and sericitic hydrothermal alterations (A-and D-veins), as well as to the late-stage epithermal overprint (E-veins). Magnetite and titanite are found mainly in M-type veins and as disseminations in the potassic-calcic alteration of quartz monzonite. Disseminated magnetite is also present in the potassic alteration in latite, which is overprinted by sericitic alteration. Scanning electron microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of pyrite and chalcopyrite reveal the presence of pyrrhotite, galena, and Bi-telluride inclusions in pyrite and enrichments of Ag, Co, Sb, Se, and Ti. Chalcopyrite hosts bornite, sphalerite, galena, and Bi-sulfosalt inclusions and is enriched with Ag, In, and Ti. Inclusions of wittichenite, tetradymite, and cuprobismutite reflect enrichments of Te and Bi in the mineralizing fluids. Native gold is related to A-and D-type veins and is found as nano-inclusions in pyrite. Titanite inclusions characterize magnetite, whereas titanite is a major host of Ce,
Applied Sciences, 2021
The Vathi porphyry Cu-Au ± Mo mineralization is located in the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic prov... more The Vathi porphyry Cu-Au ± Mo mineralization is located in the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province of the Western Tethyan Metallogenic Belt. It is mainly hosted by a latite and is genetically associated with a quartz monzonite intrusion, which intruded the basement rocks of the Vertiskos Unit and the latite, 18 to 17 Ma ago. A phreatic breccia crosscuts the latite. The quartz monzonite was affected by potassic alteration, whereas the latite was subjected to local propylitic alteration. Both styles of alteration were subsequently overprinted by intense sericitic alteration. M-type and A-type veins are spatially associated with potassic alteration, whereas D-type veins are related to the sericitic alteration. Three ore assemblages are associated with the porphyry stage: (1) pyrite + chalcopyrite + bornite + molybdenite + magnetite associated with potassic alteration; (2) pyrite + chalcopyrite related to propylitic alteration; and (3) pyrite + chalcopyrite + native gold ± tetradymite associated with sericitic alteration. A fourth assemblage consisting of sphalerite + galena + arsenopyrite + pyrrhotite + pyrite ± stibnite ± tennantite is related to an epithermal overprint. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the A-type veins and related porphyry-style mineralization formed at 390–540 ◦C and pressures of up to 646 bars (<2.6 km depth) from boiling hydrothermal fluids. A later condensation of vapor-rich inclusions resulted in a moderately saline fluid (8.4–11.2 wt % NaCl equiv) at temperatures between 311 and 392 ◦C, which were related to sericitic alteration, D-type veins, and associated metallic mineralization. Subsequent dilution of the moderately saline fluid at lower temperatures (205–259 ◦C) produced a less saline (1.4–2.9 wt % NaCl equiv.) fluid, which is likely associated with the late epithermal overprint.
Citation: Stergiou, C.L.; Melfos, V.; Voudouris, P.; Spry, P.G.; Papadopoulou, L.; Chatzipetros, A.; Giouri, K.; Mavrogonatos, C.; Filippidis, A. The Geology, Geochemistry, and Origin of the Porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo) System at Vathi, Serbo-Macedonian Massif, Greece. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 479.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2021
Mobility represents one of the most important behavioural strategies of the Palaeolithic and Meso... more Mobility represents one of the most important behavioural strategies of the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic, allowing groups to organise their use of landscapes by positioning themselves close to resources, as well as to regulate group size and social networks. One way of measuring the scale of this mobility is through the transport of lithic raw materials in the form of cores and finished artefacts. This paper aims to investigate settlement and mobility in Greece during the Late Upper Palaeolithic to Early Mesolithic transition, by using chipped stone technology and raw material transport as an index for wider subsistence and settlement changes associated with the Early Holocene. We take as a case study the Boila Rockshelter, located in the Voidomatis Basin in the rugged uplands of the Tymphi Massif, part of the Pindus Mountains in northwestern Greece. Typological analysis of almost two-thirds of the Boila chipped stone assemblage was carried out, along with geochemical trace element analysis on chert samples from the site, as well as limestone exposures in the local area and further afield. The geochemical analysis was focused on rare earth and other elements, with the results from Boila and the geological samples then compared. These confirmed that the majority of the chert used at Boila was originally derived from outcrops within the Vikos Gorge and Voidomatis River Valley, with the best pieces from approximately 10 km to the southeast of the site. Abrasion on the surfaces of these indicates that the majority of pieces used at Boila were collected from secondary fluvial deposits, such as those immediately below the site. In contrast, the geochemical results suggested that the reddish-brown varieties which were recovered at low frequency at Boila were probably collected from deposits located further towards the south. Synthesis of the results from the chipped stone and geochemical analyses suggested that during the Early Holocene at Boila, there was a change in the composition of the retouched tool assemblage. Backed bladelets continued to be made, but they were added to by increasing numbers of backed points and geometrics, along with a significant increase in the frequency of microburins. In parallel, the use of local black chert increased, albeit from a high level to begin with, while the poorer quality local greyish-white varieties declined, along with reddish-brown. The decline in greyish-white chert probably points to deliberate choice, favouring the better quality local black variety. The decline in reddish-brown chert, likely to have been collected further towards the south, suggests increasingly localised use of the landscape, possibly in response to improving conditions leading to increasing abundance, thus reducing the scale of mobility systems or the need for as frequent site relocation.
Ore Geology Reviews, 2019
Acta Carsologica / Karsoslovni Zbornik 48(1):29-42, 2019
Due to unfavourable natural conditions (poor soils, lack of water, special relief conditions), ka... more Due to unfavourable natural conditions (poor soils, lack of water, special relief conditions), karst terrains have always been relatively sparsely populated, and they have been seriously affected by recent depopulation processes. However, the creation of national parks on karst terrains and the recent increase of (geo)tourism may influence and even turn these population trends. Our study examines the validity of this statement in the context of Vikos Gorge and Tymphi Mountain (NW Greece). Geological and geomorphological values are presented first, including Vikos Gorge, the glaciokarst landscape of Tymphi and the particular spherical rock concretions. Digital terrain analysis is used to obtain scientifically based, reliable morphometric parameters about Vikos Gorge, and it is found that the maximum gorge depth is 1144 m, the maximum width is 2420 m, and the maximum of depth/width ratio is 0.76. Thereafter, rural depopulation trends are examined and it is found that this region (Zagori) is seriously affected by depopulation. It is observed that there are differences among settlements, and a relative stabilization of population is sensible in only few settlements around Vikos Gorge, which are linked to tourism. As for nature protection, while at the beginning conflicts were perceptible among management and local people, now new conflicts are emerging between growing tourism and nature protection goals. Key words: gorge morphometry, glaciokarst, spherical concretions, rural depopulation, geotourism, national park.
Communities, Landscapes, and Interaction in Neolithic Greece, 2017
Ground stone objects are an indispensable and rather essential material element of Neolithic life... more Ground stone objects are an indispensable and rather essential material element of Neolithic life. For many years, archaeological interest in such artifacts was confined to their techno-morphological description, failing to sufficiently integrate them into the Neolithic technological and social practices. Excavations at the Neolithic settlement of Avgi (ca. 5650–4500 cal B.C.), in the region of Kastoria, northwestern Greece, brought to light one of the largest ground stone assemblages known from Neolithic Greece.
More than 8,000 ground stone tools and objects, raw materials, and by-products comprise a valuable record for investigating ground stone technology within the context of a Neolithic community. This paper focuses on the selection of rocks and minerals employed in the production of ground stone artifacts at Neolithic Avgi. The availability of diverse raw materials such as sandstones, limestones, marls, conglomerates, and ophiolites in the vicinity of the Neolithic settlement, along with the large size of the assemblage, allows for a thorough exploration of the technological choices made during various stages of
ground stone manufacture. By linking specific tooltypes such as grinding stones, abraders, percussion tools, edge tools, and mace heads with different raw materials, we explore how the physical properties of
the rocks were perceived by the Neolithic people. Furthermore, we investigate the various criteria through which material selection and ground stone production was achieved. The paper suggests that these were complex technological procedures and that human choices were determined not only by environmental or mere “practical” factors (i.e. the proximity and availability of the resources, the appropriateness and workability of the rocks), but rather they were formed and practiced in accordance with various social aspects (i.e. participation in social networks, technological traditions, aesthetics, and symbolic values).
Scientific Annals of the School of Geology, Special Volume 105, May 2016
The subvolcanic activity, hydrothermal alteration development, ore mineralization, and post-miner... more The subvolcanic activity, hydrothermal alteration development, ore mineralization, and post-mineralization processes associated with the Vathi porphyry system appear to be strongly controlled by the intersection of district and regional tectonic structures. Tertiary faulting predated and strongly controlled the emplacement of the trachydacite porphyry and the quartz-monzonite at Vathi. In addition, stockwork and sheeted veins along with the hypogene potassic alteration share the same structural trend with the intrusions. The anatomy of the Vathi porphyry system, along with the magmatic rocks occurring within the same broad hydrothermal alteration area, are evidence of the intense tectono-magmatic and mineralizing events that took place during the Tertiary.
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, vol. L, 2016 Proceedings of the 14th Intern. Conference, May 2016
Nutritional habits have as a result the uptake of the elemental content of various foods in the h... more Nutritional habits have as a result the uptake of the elemental content of various foods in the human body. Salt (NaCl) constitutes an integral part of human diet needs. As a consequence, knowledge concerning the composition of edible salt is critical. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the components of 8 edible salt samples that are available in the Greek retail market. Samples were classified according to their color as follows: white (WS1, WS2), black (BS1, BS2), pink (PS1), red (RS1), blue (BLS1) and pale brown (BRS1). The research revealed that all samples mainly consist of Cl and Na. Himalayan Black Salt (BS2) also contains S, whereas the Hawaiian Red Salt (RS1) contains Fe. Additionally, most of the samples contain low levels of Al, Ca, K, Mg, P, S, Si and O as impurities. Concerning the morphological characteristics, salt particles appear irregular, rounded and in two cases as cubic crystals referring to the crystal structure of NaCl. Backscattered images confirm the presence of other mineral phases besides NaCl.
Conference Presentations by Christos L Stergiou
Second International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy, Book of Abstracts, p. 90., 2023
Critical metals are substantial to the high-tech industry and the development of the low-carbon s... more Critical metals are substantial to the high-tech industry and the development of the low-carbon society. They are characterized by restricted natural availability and supply risk, and thus their exploration and exploitation is of a high priority. The Vertiskos unit of the Serbo-Macedonian massif in Greece includes several Cenozoic polymetallic mineralizations hosted in quartz veins, which are enriched in Cu-As-Pb-Bi-Au-Te or in Sb-W. The most significant polymetallic mineralizations are located at Laodikino, Koronouda, Stefania-Paliomylos, Kolchiko, Drakontio, and Stanos, while the Sb-W mineralization is found at Rizana and Philadelphio. The polymetallic mineralization is characterized by base metal sulfides, mainly chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, Bi-sulfosalts, Bi-sulfotellurides (e.g. joseite-B), and tellurides (e.g. altaite, hessite) associated with Au and Ag. In contrary, Bi-sulfosalts, Bi-sulfotellurides and tellurides are lacking in the Sb-W mineralization. The highest concentration in Au (28.3 ppm) is reported in Koronouda, while at Laodikino Ag reaches up to 2,433 ppm. Significant bulk ore geochemical enrichments in critical metals include Bi (995 ppm), Co (320 ppm) and W (844 ppm) at Kolchiko. The mineralizations were formed from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids at mesothermal to low-to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal conditions. Sometimes they are restricted in extended shear zones, at the transition between ductile and brittle deformation, demonstrating retrograde greenschist facies metamorphism. In this contribution, we present a review of the critical metal concentrations and the associated mineralogy of vein-type mineralization of the Vertiskos unit, with an emphasis at Laodikino, Kolchiko, and Rizana.
Uploads
Papers by Christos L Stergiou
Link to to the open access volume: https://kulasalihligeopark.com/en/kutuphane/?fbclid=IwAR2SNiquNvsDuKjsdMlnirARjtwbztKcpSFgXgQO5x_Wh3KEOs3_Oc1Tyz4_aem_AaL-cVHUqEj8P1DspnYDgHYng1Jji-phv_S6jF4A3OgFlWDvxtLcE2VT2bi7hhBIwi_ekEIYStgQK3fMSZUXYko3
ROCKSHELTER IN VOIDOMATIS BASIN, WESTERN PINDOS
PARASKEVI ELEFANTI - GILBERT DAVID MARSHALL - ELENI KOTJABOPOULOU -
EUGENIA ADAM - CHRISTOS STERGIOU
Excavations during the 1990s at Boila rockshelter at the western mouth of the Vikos Gorge,
where the Voidomatis river flows into the plain of Konitsa, revealed an occupation site
complimentary to the previously established network of Upper Palaeolithic settlement in
the area. Other sites further within the gorge include Klithi and Megalakkos rockshelters.
In contrast to these, Boila was also in use during the early Holocene and therefore provides
evidence for adaptation by final Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers to the changing
environmental conditions in the region. Our paper presents new information on stone tool
technology at Boila from the final Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic, which expands on the
already rich evidence from the region, as well as offering comparisons with sites from other
areas in Greece and elsewhere
This paper presents new evidence on the grinding tools (grinding slabs and grinders) of two Bronze Age tell-sites from Macedonia: Archontiko in the region of Pella (Early/Late Bronze Age, circa 2200-1400 BCE), and Angelochori in the region of Imathia (Late Bronze Age, circa 1630-1100 BCE). The study of the grinding toolkits was conducted in the framework of the PLANTCULT Project (ERC Consolidator Grant, GA 682529). Through the comparison of several technical and biographical attributes (i.e. raw materials, morphometrical features, manufacture and curation techniques, modes of use, recycling patterns, disuse and destruction), as well as the investigation of their contexts of use and deposition, we seek to investigate how grinding technology and the related food-preparation activities were manifested, articulated and practiced within two different Bronze Age communities of Northern Greece. Furthermore, we will attempt to put the implements under study in their wider social and cultural context by addressing their similarities and differences with other grinding assemblages from Northern Greece.
Citation: Stergiou, C.L.; Melfos, V.; Voudouris, P.; Spry, P.G.; Papadopoulou, L.; Chatzipetros, A.; Giouri, K.; Mavrogonatos, C.; Filippidis, A. The Geology, Geochemistry, and Origin of the Porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo) System at Vathi, Serbo-Macedonian Massif, Greece. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 479.
More than 8,000 ground stone tools and objects, raw materials, and by-products comprise a valuable record for investigating ground stone technology within the context of a Neolithic community. This paper focuses on the selection of rocks and minerals employed in the production of ground stone artifacts at Neolithic Avgi. The availability of diverse raw materials such as sandstones, limestones, marls, conglomerates, and ophiolites in the vicinity of the Neolithic settlement, along with the large size of the assemblage, allows for a thorough exploration of the technological choices made during various stages of
ground stone manufacture. By linking specific tooltypes such as grinding stones, abraders, percussion tools, edge tools, and mace heads with different raw materials, we explore how the physical properties of
the rocks were perceived by the Neolithic people. Furthermore, we investigate the various criteria through which material selection and ground stone production was achieved. The paper suggests that these were complex technological procedures and that human choices were determined not only by environmental or mere “practical” factors (i.e. the proximity and availability of the resources, the appropriateness and workability of the rocks), but rather they were formed and practiced in accordance with various social aspects (i.e. participation in social networks, technological traditions, aesthetics, and symbolic values).
Conference Presentations by Christos L Stergiou
Link to to the open access volume: https://kulasalihligeopark.com/en/kutuphane/?fbclid=IwAR2SNiquNvsDuKjsdMlnirARjtwbztKcpSFgXgQO5x_Wh3KEOs3_Oc1Tyz4_aem_AaL-cVHUqEj8P1DspnYDgHYng1Jji-phv_S6jF4A3OgFlWDvxtLcE2VT2bi7hhBIwi_ekEIYStgQK3fMSZUXYko3
ROCKSHELTER IN VOIDOMATIS BASIN, WESTERN PINDOS
PARASKEVI ELEFANTI - GILBERT DAVID MARSHALL - ELENI KOTJABOPOULOU -
EUGENIA ADAM - CHRISTOS STERGIOU
Excavations during the 1990s at Boila rockshelter at the western mouth of the Vikos Gorge,
where the Voidomatis river flows into the plain of Konitsa, revealed an occupation site
complimentary to the previously established network of Upper Palaeolithic settlement in
the area. Other sites further within the gorge include Klithi and Megalakkos rockshelters.
In contrast to these, Boila was also in use during the early Holocene and therefore provides
evidence for adaptation by final Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers to the changing
environmental conditions in the region. Our paper presents new information on stone tool
technology at Boila from the final Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic, which expands on the
already rich evidence from the region, as well as offering comparisons with sites from other
areas in Greece and elsewhere
This paper presents new evidence on the grinding tools (grinding slabs and grinders) of two Bronze Age tell-sites from Macedonia: Archontiko in the region of Pella (Early/Late Bronze Age, circa 2200-1400 BCE), and Angelochori in the region of Imathia (Late Bronze Age, circa 1630-1100 BCE). The study of the grinding toolkits was conducted in the framework of the PLANTCULT Project (ERC Consolidator Grant, GA 682529). Through the comparison of several technical and biographical attributes (i.e. raw materials, morphometrical features, manufacture and curation techniques, modes of use, recycling patterns, disuse and destruction), as well as the investigation of their contexts of use and deposition, we seek to investigate how grinding technology and the related food-preparation activities were manifested, articulated and practiced within two different Bronze Age communities of Northern Greece. Furthermore, we will attempt to put the implements under study in their wider social and cultural context by addressing their similarities and differences with other grinding assemblages from Northern Greece.
Citation: Stergiou, C.L.; Melfos, V.; Voudouris, P.; Spry, P.G.; Papadopoulou, L.; Chatzipetros, A.; Giouri, K.; Mavrogonatos, C.; Filippidis, A. The Geology, Geochemistry, and Origin of the Porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo) System at Vathi, Serbo-Macedonian Massif, Greece. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 479.
More than 8,000 ground stone tools and objects, raw materials, and by-products comprise a valuable record for investigating ground stone technology within the context of a Neolithic community. This paper focuses on the selection of rocks and minerals employed in the production of ground stone artifacts at Neolithic Avgi. The availability of diverse raw materials such as sandstones, limestones, marls, conglomerates, and ophiolites in the vicinity of the Neolithic settlement, along with the large size of the assemblage, allows for a thorough exploration of the technological choices made during various stages of
ground stone manufacture. By linking specific tooltypes such as grinding stones, abraders, percussion tools, edge tools, and mace heads with different raw materials, we explore how the physical properties of
the rocks were perceived by the Neolithic people. Furthermore, we investigate the various criteria through which material selection and ground stone production was achieved. The paper suggests that these were complex technological procedures and that human choices were determined not only by environmental or mere “practical” factors (i.e. the proximity and availability of the resources, the appropriateness and workability of the rocks), but rather they were formed and practiced in accordance with various social aspects (i.e. participation in social networks, technological traditions, aesthetics, and symbolic values).
The area of interest is monitored by a network of 20 different permanently installed GPS stations. The processing of the primary geodetic data is based on the triangulation of the GPS stations. In particular, the total of 20 different GPS stations were combined each other, forming different sets of three stations. Each set leads to a triangle formation, while each station is located on a triangle vertex. The recorded geodetic data of a GPS station is combined with the other two stations geodetic data, calculating the maximum horizontal extension and rotation of the triangle centroid, representing the triangle. Based on the aforementioned procedure, 399 different triangles were constructed within the study area, providing 399 different maximum horizontal extension and rotation values.
Based on the extracted maximum horizontal extension values, the interpolation method was applied, leading to the construction of a map, including 50 nano-strain step contours, while the maximum and minimum values are 543.5029 and 2.1114 nano-strains, respectively. The exact ore mineralization locations were highlighted onto the aforementioned map in order to be examined their relationship to the maximum extension values. The extracted results show that the majority of ore mineralization locations are included into the medium to maximum horizontal extension areas. This proves the fact that several tectonic structures related to the ore mineralization formation are relatively active or not active in the present. Especially, at the southern part of the study area, ore mineralization localities exhibit remarkably higher maximum horizontal extension values, as a result of active since Oligocene fault zones of Stratoni-Varvara, Megali Panaghia-Gomati, Sochos and Mygdonia. Finally, the presented GPS rotational data are in agreement with the published palaeomagnetic data for the study area. In particular, counter-clockwise and clockwise rotations appear at the northern and the southern part respectively. Α transition zone of zero rotation values is observed between the two parts, enclosing probably a tectonic structure, separating the counter-clockwise and clockwise rotation blocks.