A Radio telemetry study on Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) was conducted in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantation at Sungai Sedu Estate, Selangor, Malaysia from October 1996 to July 1997. The main objective of the study was to... more
A Radio telemetry study on Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) was conducted in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantation at Sungai Sedu Estate, Selangor, Malaysia from October 1996 to July 1997. The main objective of the study was to examine the ranging behaviour of the species. Four Red Junglefowls (3 males and 1 female) were caught using decoy and leg trap method. They were then equipped with single stage 16 g transmitters and were radio-tracked using Mariner 57 receiver. The radiolocation was taken every 30 minutes by triangulation. The results show that the daily and monthly home range size of male was greater than that of a female. Similarly the home range size of a male without a female was greater than with a female. Environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration and cloud cover have no effect on the size of home range. The movement (distance travelled) contributes 49.1% of the variability on home range size. The total daily movement of ma...
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We report on the observation of a new phenomenon occurring in a fiber ring laser. This phenomenon is about the transition from an initially bidirectional emission of a reciprocal fiber ring laser to a unidirectional emission at a certain... more
We report on the observation of a new phenomenon occurring in a fiber ring laser. This phenomenon is about the transition from an initially bidirectional emission of a reciprocal fiber ring laser to a unidirectional emission at a certain pump power threshold. In addition, the final direction is not predefined but appears to be randomly chosen every time the threshold is exceeded. Therefore, we term this new phenomenon direction instability. Furthermore, we provide a first discussion of how the instability threshold is influenced by the length and the loss of the cavity. We show that the threshold follows a power times length scaling, indicating a nonlinear origin.
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Objective Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) usually settles within few months after thyroid surgery, but several patients require long-term supplementation with calcium/activated vitamin D. When PoSH persists beyond 6 months, it is... more
Objective Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) usually settles within few months after thyroid surgery, but several patients require long-term supplementation with calcium/activated vitamin D. When PoSH persists beyond 6 months, it is considered ‘chronic’ or ‘permanent’, however, late recovery has been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of late recovery and explore factors predicting late recovery of parathyroid function. Methods Adult patients undergoing total/completion thyroidectomy between 2009 and 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort observational study. The records of patients with evidence of PoSH were reviewed to identify those with persisting PoSH at 6 months. Demographic, biochemical, surgical, pathological, and clinical follow-up data were collected and analysed. Results Out of 911 patients undergoing thyroidectomy, 270 were identified with PoSH. Of these, 192 were started on supplements and 138 (71.9%) recovered within 6 months. ...
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Objective: To evaluate ‘real-world’ safety and efficacy of the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) guidelines for treatment of severe symptomatic hyponatraemia using hypertonic saline (HTS). Design: Retrospective, observational,... more
Objective: To evaluate ‘real-world’ safety and efficacy of the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) guidelines for treatment of severe symptomatic hyponatraemia using hypertonic saline (HTS). Design: Retrospective, observational, cohort study, examining the use of HTS for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals between 2017-2020. Methods: Patients were identified from pharmacy records and demographic, clinical, and treatment data extracted. Results: Out of 112 patients (Females: Males=61:51), the mean age ± SD was 66.3± 16.0 years and mean pre-treatment serum sodium ± SD was 113.8 ± 6.4 mmol/L. Overall, overcorrection rates at 24 and 48 hours (>10mmol/L and >18mmol/L) were 44.9% and 19.6%, respectively while 19.6% of patients were treated for overcorrection. Above-target rise in sodium (>5mmol/L) after first and second boluses was noted in 22.6% and 34.6% of patients. In-hospital and 12-month mortality was 7.1% and 18.7% respectively with no case...
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In this paper, a simple active contour based visual tracking algorithm is presented for outdoor AGV application which is currently under development at the USM robotic research group (URRG) lab. The presented algorithm is computationally... more
In this paper, a simple active contour based visual tracking algorithm is presented for outdoor AGV application which is currently under development at the USM robotic research group (URRG) lab. The presented algorithm is computationally low cost and able to track road boundaries in an image sequence and can easily be implemented on available low cost hardware. The proposed algorithm used an active shape modeling using the B-spline deformable template and recursive curve fitting method to track the current orientation of the road.
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Two new monocyclic naphthene derivatives (1and 2) along with seven known compounds for the first time from the chloroform soluble fraction of the Tamarix indica. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of... more
Two new monocyclic naphthene derivatives (1and 2) along with seven known compounds for the first time from the chloroform soluble fraction of the Tamarix indica. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of modern sophisticated, EIMS, HREIMS, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The known compounds were recognized as 1-eicosanoyl (3), 6-heneicosanyl-1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene (4), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), ethyl gallate (6) gallic acid (7), β-sitosterol (8) and methyl grevillate (9).
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Background: Hydrochlorothiazide HCl (HCTZ) is first line medication in the management of hypertension, however its poor solubility and GI irritation warrants long term application. The aim of present study was to prepare... more
Background: Hydrochlorothiazide HCl (HCTZ) is first line medication in the management of hypertension, however its poor solubility and GI irritation warrants long term application. The aim of present study was to prepare hydrochlorothiazide HCl (HCTZ) loaded monodisperse microparticles of chitosan (CS) for sustained delivery. Methods: In the present study chitosan microparticle were prepared using ionic gelation method. The effect of input parameters such as concentration of chitosan and pH of CS solution on the mean particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI) and in-vitro drug release were investigated. In-vitro drug release from the microparticles was studied using Franz diffusion cell. Structural formation and surface morphology was investigated using FTIR and SEM, respectively. Results: PS of CS microparticles ranges from 0.878±0.066 to 1.963±0.011 µm, ZP between 33.43±0.80 mV to 53.6±2.06 mV, PDI values from 0.271±0.063 to 0.842±0.073. The optimized CSMP...
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About these letters and their recipients No attempt has been made to alter the text of the letters. Asad sent both typed and handwritten letters. The language and phrases used by Asad over the extended period of fifty years (1935-1986)... more
About these letters and their recipients No attempt has been made to alter the text of the letters. Asad sent both typed and handwritten letters. The language and phrases used by Asad over the extended period of fifty years (1935-1986) during which these letters were written, provide important clues to his intellectual and personal developments. Until his arrival in the Indian Subcontinent in 1932, Asad had not written much in English. His articles for the German and Swiss newspapers were in German. He had learned conversational Arabic during his second trip to the Muslim lands (1924-1926), and seemed to have quickly learned to read scholarly texts while he was in Arabia. He provides no details of his teachers, but vaguely says he studied Sahih Bukhari in Madinah. (1) These letters reveal that once in India, Asad quickly picked up English usage spoken and written in the Indian Subcontinent at that time. His shorthand notations, the use of words peculiar to the Subcontinent (Begum sa...
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Bacterial reduction of the Se oxyanions selenate [Se(VI)] and selenite [Se(IV)] to elemental selenium [Se0] is an important biological process in removing Se from drainage water. This study was conducted to characterize the molecular... more
Bacterial reduction of the Se oxyanions selenate [Se(VI)] and selenite [Se(IV)] to elemental selenium [Se0] is an important biological process in removing Se from drainage water. This study was conducted to characterize the molecular diversity of bacterial populations involved in Se reduction of drainage water amended with rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw and also to monitor the bacterial community shifts during the course of the study. Selenate was removed in the drainage water by the bacteria 5 to 6 d after addition of rice straw. Six Se(VI)- and 32 Se(IV)-reducing bacteria were isolated from rice straw containing sterilized drainage water. Three Se(VI)- and two Se(IV)-reducing bacteria were also isolated from the drainage water. Identification of Se(VI)- and Se(IV)-reducing bacteria by 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed a broad phylogenetic diversity in Se-reducing assemblages. Three major phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes) of bacterial domain with numerous classes...
Research Interests: Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Chemistry, Agronomy, Carbon, and 15 moreAgriculture, Population Dynamics, Medicine, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Classification, Bacteria, Molecular Diversity, Oryza Sativa, Phylogenetic Diversity, Environmental quality, Bacterial Diversity, Organic carbon, Organic Compound, and Oryza Sativa L
In this paper, the interaction of imipramine hydrochloride (IMP, antidepressant drug) and a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) mixture in five different ratios through the tensiometric method in different solvents (aqueous/0.050... more
In this paper, the interaction of imipramine hydrochloride (IMP, antidepressant drug) and a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) mixture in five different ratios through the tensiometric method in different solvents (aqueous/0.050 mol·kg−1 aqueous NaCl/0.250 mol·kg−1 aqueous urea (U)) were examined thoroughly at a temperature of 298 K. UV–Visible studies in an aqueous system of IMP + TX-100 mixtures were also investigated and discussed in detail. The pure (IMP and TX-100) along with the mixtures’ critical micelle concentration (cmc) were assessed by a tensiometric technique. The obtained deviation of the mixtures’ cmc values from their ideal values revealed the nonideal behavior of IMP + TX-100 mixtures amongst IMP and TX-100. Compared to aqueous systems, in the presence of aqueous NaCl, several changes in micelles/mixed micelles occurred, and hence a synergism/attractive interaction amongst components was found increased while in the existence of U, the synergism/attractive i...
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SARS-CoV-2 has affected people from all age groups, races and ethnicities. Given that many infected individuals are asymptomatic, they transmit the disease to others unknowingly, which has resulted in the spread of infection at an... more
SARS-CoV-2 has affected people from all age groups, races and ethnicities. Given that many infected individuals are asymptomatic, they transmit the disease to others unknowingly, which has resulted in the spread of infection at an alarming rate. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, preventive measures to reduce the disease spread, therapies currently in use, an update on vaccine development and opportunities for vaccine delivery. The World Health Organization has advised several precautions including social distancing, hand washing and the use of PPE including gloves and face masks for minimizing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. At present, several antiviral therapies previously approved for other infections are being repositioned to study their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, some medicines (i.e., remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) have received emergency use authorisation from the FDA. Plasma therapy has also been authorised for em...
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Bilateral synchronous renal cell Carcinomas occur in approximately 1-3% of all patients with RCC.Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT scan are the most useful tests for diagnosing and staging. US has an advantageover CT in determination of... more
Bilateral synchronous renal cell Carcinomas occur in approximately 1-3% of all patients with RCC.Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT scan are the most useful tests for diagnosing and staging. US has an advantageover CT in determination of nature of the lesion (solid/cystic). CT is more sensitive in evaluation of lesion size anddetection of calcification and necrosis. CT also has an advantage over US in evaluation of perinephric extension,adjacent organ infiltration and regional lymphadenopathy. Both US and CT are equally sensitive in detection of IVCthrombus.
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Purpose There is no consensus on quality of life (QOL) in patients with acromegaly requiring medical treatment after surgery compared with those achieving remission by surgery alone. Methods QuaLAT is a cross-sectional study comparing QOL... more
Purpose There is no consensus on quality of life (QOL) in patients with acromegaly requiring medical treatment after surgery compared with those achieving remission by surgery alone. Methods QuaLAT is a cross-sectional study comparing QOL in surgery-only treated acromegaly patients versus those requiring medical treatment post-surgery. Patients attending clinics were identified and divided into—Group 1: patients who had surgery only and were in biochemical remission, Group 2: all patients on medical treatment post-surgery, Group 3: patients from Group 2 with biochemical control. Participants were asked to fill three questionnaires; Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (ACROQOL), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF36), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results There were 32 patients in Group 1 and 25 in Group 2. There was no difference in QOL scores between groups 1 and 2, as measured by ACROQOL (mean difference [MD] = − 2.5, 95% CI − 16.6 to 11.6; p = 0.72), SF36v2 [Physical component...
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The purpose of this study was to apply the Quality by Design (QbD) approach to the electrospinning of fibres loaded with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin (INDO) and diclofenac sodium (DICLO). A Quality Target... more
The purpose of this study was to apply the Quality by Design (QbD) approach to the electrospinning of fibres loaded with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin (INDO) and diclofenac sodium (DICLO). A Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) was made, and risk assessments (preliminary hazard analysis) were conducted to identify the impact of material attributes and process parameters on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the fibres. A full factorial design of experiments (DoE) of 20 runs was built, which was used to carry out experiments. The following factors were assessed: Drugs, voltage, flow rate, and the distance between the processing needle and collector. Release studies exhibited INDO fibres had greater total release of active drug compared to DICLO fibres. Voltage and distance were found to be the most significant factors of the experiment. Multivariate statistical analytical software helped to build six feasible design spaces and two flexible, un...
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The immunoprophylactic potential of anti-idiotype (anti-id) foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) antigen (Ag) was evaluated in the calves. The idiotype antibodies (Ab1) were produced in experimental goats by injecting inactivated FMD virus. The... more
The immunoprophylactic potential of anti-idiotype (anti-id) foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) antigen (Ag) was evaluated in the calves. The idiotype antibodies (Ab1) were produced in experimental goats by injecting inactivated FMD virus. The Fab (fragment antigen binding) of Ab1 was injected into the layer birds to raise anti-id antibodies (Ab2). The Ab2 was purified from egg yolks. The Fab component of Ab2 was emulsified in Montanide (1:1) and used as a surrogate of FMD virus. The immune response to Montanide adjuvanted monovalent and trivalent anti-id FMD virus antigen was determined in mice. The comparative immune potentiation potentials of Montanide adjuvanted trivalent anti-id FMD virus antigen and trivalent FMD vaccine were determined in mice and calves. Montanide adjuvanted monovalent anti-id FMD virus antigens produced mean Ab titers of 78.80%, 81.30%, and 81.20% for serotypes A, Asia 1, and O, respectively, at 45 days postimmunization (p.i.) in mice. Montanide adjuvanted trivale...
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Background Euphorbia granulata is herb of family Euphorbiaceae having several traditional uses. The aim of the study is to summarize reported nutritional and medicinal value along with ethnomedical records. Methods The papers on... more
Background Euphorbia granulata is herb of family Euphorbiaceae having several traditional uses. The aim of the study is to summarize reported nutritional and medicinal value along with ethnomedical records. Methods The papers on nutritional and medicinal value of E. granulata are collected from electronic search engines (Google Scholar, PubMed). Synonyms are confirmed from "The plant List." Results Pharmacological studies suggest that the extracts of E. granulata possess antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, diuretic, antiulcerative colitis and spasmolytic properties. Moreover, it is rich with nutritive components such as carbohydrates, lipid contents (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids), minerals and protein (amino acids). Toxicological data of E. granulata showed that it may be poisonous and toxic at higher doses. Conclusion Research studies suggest that E. granulata has sufficient pharmacological potential against several diseases including infections, gastric ulce...
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The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperiling the worth of antibiotics, which have previously transformed medical sciences. The crisis of antimicrobial resistance has been ascribed to the misuse of these... more
The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperiling the worth of antibiotics, which have previously transformed medical sciences. The crisis of antimicrobial resistance has been ascribed to the misuse of these agents and due to unavailability of newer drugs attributable to exigent regulatory requirements and reduced financial inducements. Comprehensive efforts are needed to minimize the pace of resistance by studying emergent microorganisms, resistance mechanisms, and antimicrobial agents. Multidisciplinary approaches are required across health care settings as well as environment and agriculture sectors. Progressive alternate approaches including probiotics, antibodies, and vaccines have shown promising results in trials that suggest the role of these alternatives as preventive or adjunct therapies in future.
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Chalcones and 1,2-benzothiazines are two important classes of bioactive compounds, each scaffold endowed with diverse pharmacological activities. Combining both of these pharmacophores in a single molecule was aimed to yield multi-modal... more
Chalcones and 1,2-benzothiazines are two important classes of bioactive compounds, each scaffold endowed with diverse pharmacological activities. Combining both of these pharmacophores in a single molecule was aimed to yield multi-modal agents. Herein, we report a series of hybrid compounds 3a-3o derived from chalcones and 1,2-benzothiazine cores. They were synthesized from commercially available sodium saccharin, and the resulting 1,2-benzothiazine-derived ketone was then condensed with aromatic aldehydes in an aldol condensation to obtain the respective chalcones. The compounds were characterized using different analytical techniques including FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Some synthesized chalcones revealed potent and/or selective inhibitory properties towards alkaline phosphatase isozymes transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. A detailed structure-activity and selectivity study was carried out with regard to the effect of different substitu...
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Naproxen (NAP), an anti-inflammatory drug belonging to class II of Biopharmaceutic Classification System, has low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate which limit its oral bioavailability. The focus of this investigation was to assess... more
Naproxen (NAP), an anti-inflammatory drug belonging to class II of Biopharmaceutic Classification System, has low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate which limit its oral bioavailability. The focus of this investigation was to assess the impact of co-crystallization in improving the physico-mechanical and in vivo performance of NAP. NAP was co-crystallized using nicotinamide as a co-former employing liquid-assisted grinding method and characterized by intrinsic dissolution rate, DSC, and PXRD. Prepared co-crystal exhibited improved physicochemical and mechanical properties. Mechanical behavior of NAP and developed co-crystal was analyzed by drawing tabletability curves. Over the entire range of used compaction pressure, NAP showed poor tensile strength (< 2 MPa) which resulted in lamination and capping in some tablets. In contrast, tensile strength of co-crystal gradually increased with pressure and was ~ 1.80 times that of NAP at 5000 psi. Intrinsic dissolution profile of co...
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Primary hypothyroidism is a common endocrine condition, most commonly caused by autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) while Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism is usually a permanent... more
Primary hypothyroidism is a common endocrine condition, most commonly caused by autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) while Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism is usually a permanent condition in most patients requiring lifelong levothyroxine treatment. Transformation from Hashimoto's disease to Graves' disease is considered rare but recently been increasingly recognised. We describe a case of a 61-year-old lady who was diagnosed with hypothyroidism approximately three decades ago and treated with levothyroxine replacement therapy. Approximately 27 years after the initial diagnosis of hypothyroidism, she started to become biochemically and clinically hyperthyroid. This was initially managed with gradual reduction in the dose of levothyroxine, followed by complete cessation of the medication, but she remained hyperthyroid, ultimately requiring anti-thyroid treatment with Carbimazole. This case highlights that there should...
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) natural, safe, non-toxic, non-caloric sugar substitute is rich source of pharmacologically important glycoside stevioside that is linked to the pathology and complications of hyperlipidemia. The present... more
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) natural, safe, non-toxic, non-caloric sugar substitute is rich source of pharmacologically important glycoside stevioside that is linked to the pathology and complications of hyperlipidemia. The present research was carried out to explore the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves in albino rats. For this purpose, hyperlipidemia was induced by administration of Cholesterol (90% E, Appli Chem, Darmstadt, Germany) mixed at dose of 400 mg/kg body weight of rats in their daily routine feed. The hyperlipidemic rats were administered with aqueous stevia extract at different dose levels (200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm/kg b.w.) for 8 weeks; the control rats were fed basal diet during this period. Ethical approval for the current research was obtained from Institutional Review Board Faculty of Science & Technology Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Stevia aqueous extract decreased the body weight gain ...
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Recently oxidative stress induced maladies have amplified owing to sedentary lifestyle and monotonous diet. Introduction of plant based biomolecules may be a suitable strategy to cope with the lipid peroxidation. In this context, black... more
Recently oxidative stress induced maladies have amplified owing to sedentary lifestyle and monotonous diet. Introduction of plant based biomolecules may be a suitable strategy to cope with the lipid peroxidation. In this context, black tea polyphenols (theaflavin & thearubigins) are in fame among the scientific community as cost effective therapeutic agents owing to their safety, economics, structural diversity and ability to modulate various lipid peroxidation responses by halting the expression of different metabolic targets. The mandate of present investigation was to first time check the synergism among the isolated theaflavins & thearubigins against lipid peroxidative indicators both in vitro and in vivo. Purposely, theaflavins and thearubigins were isolated from black tea through solvent partition methods by using different solvents (Aqueous ethanol, Aqueous methanol & Water) and time intervals (30, 60 & 90 min) and subjected to in vitro characterization through different anti...
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Psychosocial stress alters several physiological parameters resulting in multiple disorders, particularly compromising the immune system thereby provoking various diseases including liver disorders. However, the plausible underlying... more
Psychosocial stress alters several physiological parameters resulting in multiple disorders, particularly compromising the immune system thereby provoking various diseases including liver disorders. However, the plausible underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent literature provides mechanistic evidences of detrimental effects of psychosocial stress on physiology of different body organs including liver. The data of stress-induced pathophysiological changes in liver functions and obesity were systematically collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science Databases published in English. Stress and glucocorticoids (GCs) control food intake and energy expenditure through appetite stimulators neuropeptide Y (NYP) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in hypothalamus. Principle effectors of the activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to psychosocial stress are proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and GCs. Stress-induced ...
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Paracetamol, a frequently used antipyretic and analgesic drug, has poor compression moldability owing to its low plasticity. In this study, new co-crystals of paracetamol (PCM) with caffeine (as a co-former) were prepared and delineated.... more
Paracetamol, a frequently used antipyretic and analgesic drug, has poor compression moldability owing to its low plasticity. In this study, new co-crystals of paracetamol (PCM) with caffeine (as a co-former) were prepared and delineated. Co-crystals exhibited improved compaction and mechanical behavior. A screening study was performed by utilizing a number of methods namely dry grinding, liquid assisted grinding (LAG), solvent evaporation (SE) and anti-solvent addition using various weight ratios of starting materials. LAG and SE were found successful in the screening study. Powders at 1:1 and 2:1 weight ratio of PCM/CAF by LAG and SE respectively resulted in the formation of co-crystals. Samples were characterized by PXRD, DSC and ATR-FTIR techniques. Compressional properties of PCM and developed co-crystals were analyzed by in-die heckle model. Mean yield pressure (Py), an inverse measure of plasticity, obtained from the heckle plots decreased significantly (p<0.05) for co-crys...
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Curcumin is a multi-functional pharmacologically safe natural agent with proven cytoprotective effects to healthy human cells. In this study, a new series of sulfonamides with curcumin scaffold were synthesized, characterized and... more
Curcumin is a multi-functional pharmacologically safe natural agent with proven cytoprotective effects to healthy human cells. In this study, a new series of sulfonamides with curcumin scaffold were synthesized, characterized and investigated for their carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I (human) and II (bovine) isoforms. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were described by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. Compound 14 showed the Ki value of 0.99 µM with highest inhibitory activity among all other synthesized compounds against hCA-I enzyme. Similarly enzyme kinetic studies of compound 14, 16 and 30 against bCAII enzyme showed Ki values of 0.71, 0.67 and 0.71 µM respectively. Our biological assays results showed that most of active compounds have similar inhibitory activities compared to standard acetazolamide drug. The molecular docking predicted binding modes showed that these compounds bind with hCA-1 enzyme in similar fashion.
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We have determined the Schottky barrier height (0.23 eV) and efficient photoelectron generation in novel multisegmented Au/TiO2 nanorod arrays.
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Despite exponential growth in research relating to sustained and controlled ocular drug delivery; anatomical and chemical barriers of the eye still pose formulation challenges. Nanotechnology integration into the pharmaceutical industry... more
Despite exponential growth in research relating to sustained and controlled ocular drug delivery; anatomical and chemical barriers of the eye still pose formulation challenges. Nanotechnology integration into the pharmaceutical industry has aided efforts in potential ocular drug device development. Here, the integration and in vitro effect of four different permeation enhancers (PEs) on the release of anti-glaucoma drug timolol maleate (TM) from polymeric nanofiber formulations is explored. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) engineering, more specifically electrospinning, was used to engineer nanofibers (NFs) which coated the exterior of contact lenses. Parameters used for engineering included flow rates ranging from 8 to 15μL/min and a novel EHD deposition system was used; capable of hosting four lenses, masked template and a ground electrode to direct charged atomised structures. SEM analysis of the electrospun structures confirmed the presence of smooth nano-fibers; whilst thermal analysi...
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Advances in nanotechnology have enabled solutions for challenging drug delivery targets. While the eye presents numerous emerging opportunities for delivery, analysis and sensing; issues persist for conventional applications. This... more
Advances in nanotechnology have enabled solutions for challenging drug delivery targets. While the eye presents numerous emerging opportunities for delivery, analysis and sensing; issues persist for conventional applications. This includes liquid phase formulation localisation on the ocular surface once administered as formulated eye-drops; with the vast majority of dosage (>90%) escaping from the administered site due to tear production and various drainage mechanisms. The work presented here demonstrates a single needle electrohydrodynamic (EHD) engineering process to nano-coat (as an on demand and controllable fiber depositing method) the surface of multiple contact lenses rendering formulations to be stationary on the lens and at the bio-interface. The coating process was operational based on ejected droplet charge and glaucoma drug timolol maleate (TM) was used to demonstrate surface coating optimisation, bio-surface permeation properties (flux, using a bovine model) and var...
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Drug-delivery approaches have diversified over the last two decades with the emergence of nanotechnologies, smart polymeric systems and multimodal functionalities. The intended target for specific treatment of disease is the key defining... more
Drug-delivery approaches have diversified over the last two decades with the emergence of nanotechnologies, smart polymeric systems and multimodal functionalities. The intended target for specific treatment of disease is the key defining developing parameter. One such area which has undergone significant advancements relates to ocular delivery. This has been expedited by the development of material advancement, mechanistic concepts and through the deployment of advanced process technologies. This review will focus on the developments within lens-based drug delivery while touching on conventional and current methods of topical ocular drug delivery. A summary table will provide quick reference to note the key findings in this area. In addition, the review also elucidates current theranostic and diagnostic approaches based on ocular lenses.
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The alarmin IL-33 has been described to be upregulated in human and murine viral hepatitis. However, the role of endogenous IL-33 in viral hepatitis remains obscure. We aimed to decipher its function by infecting IL-33-deficient mice... more
The alarmin IL-33 has been described to be upregulated in human and murine viral hepatitis. However, the role of endogenous IL-33 in viral hepatitis remains obscure. We aimed to decipher its function by infecting IL-33-deficient mice (IL-33 KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermates with pathogenic mouse hepatitis virus (L2-MHV3). The IL-33 KO mice were more sensitive to L2-MHV3 infection exhibiting higher levels of AST/ALT, higher tissue damage, significant weight loss, and earlier death. An increased depletion of B and T lymphocytes, NKT cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages was observed 48 h postinfection (PI) in IL-33 KO mice than that in WT mice. In contrast, a massive influx of neutrophils was observed in IL-33 KO mice at 48 h PI. A transcriptomic study of inflammatory and cell-signaling genes revealed the overexpression of IL-6, TNFα, and several chemokines involved in recruitment/activation of neutrophils (CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL2, and CCL6) at 72 h PI in IL-33 KO mice. However, t...
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Curcumin has shown large number of pharmacological properties against different phenotypes of various disease models. Different synthetic routes have been employed to develop its various derivatives for diverse biological functions. In... more
Curcumin has shown large number of pharmacological properties against different phenotypes of various disease models. Different synthetic routes have been employed to develop its various derivatives for diverse biological functions. In this study, curcumin derived azomethine, isoxazole, pyrimidines and N-substituted pyrazoles were synthesized to investigate their urease enzyme inhibition. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were described by IR, MS, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectral data. Urease enzyme inhibition was evaluated through in vitro assays in which compound 8b was found to be the most potent (IC50 = 2.44 ± 0.07 μM) among the tested compounds. The compounds with diazine ring system except the 4d showed better urease inhibition (IC50 = 11.43 ± 0.21-19.63 ± 0.28 μM) than the standard urease inhibitor thiourea (IC50 = 22.61 ± 0.23 μM). Similarly enzyme kinetic data revealed that compounds 3c-3e and 8b were competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 20.0, 19.87, 20.23 an...
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Current day consumers prefer natural antioxidants to synthetic antioxidants because they are more active. However, the activity generally depends on the specific condition and composition of food. The aim of this study was to investigate... more
Current day consumers prefer natural antioxidants to synthetic antioxidants because they are more active. However, the activity generally depends on the specific condition and composition of food. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wheat germ oil and α-lipoic acid on the quality characteristics, antioxidant status, fatty acid profile, and sensory attributes of chicken nuggets. Six types of diets were prepared for feeding the chickens to evaluate the quality of nuggets made from the leg meat of these experimental animals. These included control, diet enriched with wheat germ oil (WGO), which is a rich natural source of α-tocopherol (AT), diet with added AT or α-lipoic acid (ALA), diet with a combination of either ALA and WGO (ALA + WGO) or ALA and synthetic AT (ALA + AT). ALA has great synergism with synthetic as well as natural AT (WGO). The diet with WGO and ALA showed the best potential with respect to both antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. HPLC ...
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The combination of nitrogen and plant population expresses the spatial distribution of crop plants. The spatial distribution influences canopy structure and development, radiation capture, accumulated intercepted radiation (Sa), radiation... more
The combination of nitrogen and plant population expresses the spatial distribution of crop plants. The spatial distribution influences canopy structure and development, radiation capture, accumulated intercepted radiation (Sa), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and subsequently dry matter production. We hypothesized that the sunflower crop at higher plant populations and nitrogen (N) rates would achieve early canopy cover, capture more radiant energy, utilize radiation energy more efficiently, and ultimately increase economic yield. To investigate the above hypothesis, we examined the influences of leaf area index (LAI) at different plant populations (83,333, 66,666, and 55,555 plants ha(-1)) and N rates (90, 120, and 150 kg ha(-1)) on radiation interception (Fi), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulation (Sa), total dry matter (TDM), achene yield (AY), and RUE of sunflower. The experimental work was conducted during 2012 and 2013 on sandy loam soil in Punjab, Pakistan. ...
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Animal-origin food products pose serious threat to public food safety due to high microbial loads. The microbial and radioactive contaminations in commercial cold duck meat products were evaluated. Ten different lots of commercial samples... more
Animal-origin food products pose serious threat to public food safety due to high microbial loads. The microbial and radioactive contaminations in commercial cold duck meat products were evaluated. Ten different lots of commercial samples (C1-C10) were classified based on type and smoking process. All samples were highly contaminated (< 4-7 Log CFU/g) with total aerobic bacteria (TAB), yeasts and molds (Y&M), and 7 samples (C1-C7) were positive for coliforms. Furthermore, three samples were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes (C4-C6) and one with Salmonella typhimurium (C6). No radionuclides ((131)I, (137)Cs, and (134)Cs) were detected in any sample. The results of DEFT (direct epifluorescent filter technique)/APC (aerobic plate count), employed to screen pre-pasteurization treatments of products, indicated that smoked samples were positive showing DEFT/APC ratios higher than 4. Notably, the samples showed a serious threat to microbial safety, thus were irradiated with elect...
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A novel AIE active Schiff base compound (receptor 1) has been designed, synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Receptor 1 show weak emission in solution state but emit strongly in solid state. The investigation on the AIE... more
A novel AIE active Schiff base compound (receptor 1) has been designed, synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Receptor 1 show weak emission in solution state but emit strongly in solid state. The investigation on the AIE behavior of receptor 1 using solvent-non-solvent (THF-Water) interaction reveals a maximum PL intensity on reaching the water fraction 90% (fw=90) due to nanoaggregation. Furthermore, demonstration of metal ion sensing application of receptor 1 unravel that it could act as selective and sensitive sensor for Cu(2+) ions in aqueous solution via fluorescence "turn-off" manner. The quenching behavior of receptor 1 in presence of Cu(2+) ions were evaluated using Stern-Volmer plot.