René Descartes

René Descartes
René Descartes
	Portrait after Frans Hals
Kamundagan	31 March 1596; La Haye en Touraine, Touraine, Kingdom of France
Kagadanan	11 February 1650 ; (aged 53); Stockholm, Swedish Empire
Nasyunalidad	French
Edukasyon	Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand (1607–1614); University of Poitiers (LL.B., 1616); University of Franeker (no degree); Leiden University (no degree);
Era	17th-century philosophy; Age of Enlightenment
Region	Western philosophy; Dutch philosophy; French philosophy
School	Rationalism; Cartesianism; Mechanism; Innatism; Foundationalism; Conceptualism; Augustinianism; Indirect realism; Correspondence theory of truth; Corpuscularianism; Theological voluntarism;
Thesis	Untitled LL.B. thesis (1616)
Main interests	Epistemology, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, cosmology
Notable ideas	Lista Cogito ergo sum; Method of doubt; Subjectivity; Method of normals; Analytic geometry; Cartesian coordinate system; Mind–body problem; Cartesian dualism; (interactionism, trialism); Cartesian circle; Foundationalism; Mathesis universalis; Folium of Descartes; Dream argument; Evil demon; Conservation of momentum (quantitas motus); Balloonist theory; Wax argument; Trademark argument; Causal adequacy principle; Res cogitans/res extensa distinction; Conatus; ;
	Influences Plato; Aristotle; Archimedes; Alhazen; Al-Ghazali; Averroes; Anselm; Elisabeth of the Palatinate; Augustine; Stoics; Aquinas; Ockham; Suárez; Mersenne; Sextus Empiricus; Montaigne; Jacobus Golius; Beeckman; Harvey; Viète; Duns Scotus; Teresa of Ávila; ;
	Influenced Virtually all subsequent Western philosophy, especially Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Malebranche, Arnauld, Bossuet, Pascal, Huygens, Newton, Voltaire, Rousseau, Hume, Gibbon, Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Husserl, Chomsky;
Lagda

Si René Descartes (/deɪˈkɑːrt/ or UK: /ˈdeɪkɑːrt/; Pranses: [ʁəne dekaʁt] ( dangogon); Latinized: Renatus Cartesius;^{[lower-alpha 2]}^[15] 31 Marso 1596 – 11 Pebrero 1650^[16]^[17]^[18]^{: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.}) sarong Pranses na pilosopo, matematiko, asin siyensya na nag-imbento kan analytical geometry, na pinagsuway an heometriya asin alhebra. Siya nagtrabaho sa Dutch Republic, nagsirbe sa Dutch States Army of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange asin Stadtholder kan United Provinces. Saro sa mga midbid na matatali sa Dutch Golden Age,^[19] si Descartes an saro sa mga nagmukna kan modernong pilosopiya.

Hilingon man

3587 Descartes, asteroid
Cartesian circle
Cartesian doubt
Cartesian materialism (not a view that was held by or formulated by Descartes)
Descartes number
Cartesian plane
Descartes Prize
Descartes-Huygens Prize
Cartesian product
Cartesian product of graphs
Cartesian theater
Cartesian tree
Descartes crater and Highlands on the Moon (Apollo 16 landing site)
Descartes' rule of signs
Descartes's theorem (4 tangent circles)
Descartes' theorem on total angular defect
Folium of Descartes
Bucket argument
Paris Descartes University

Mga toltolan

Nota

↑ Although the uncertain authorship of this most iconic portrait of Descartes was traditionally attributed to Frans Hals, there is no record of their meeting. During the 20th century the assumption was widely challenged.^[1]
↑ Adjectival form: Cartesian /kɑːrˈtiːziən, -iːʒən/

Citations

↑ Nadler, S., The Philosopher, The Priest, and The Painter (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013), pp. 174–198.
↑ Tad M. Schmaltz, Radical Cartesianism: The French Reception of Descartes, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 257.
↑ Fumerton, Richard (21 February 2000). "Foundationalist Theories of Epistemic Justification". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
↑ Bostock, D., Philosophy of Mathematics: An Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, p. 43: "All of Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume supposed that mathematics is a theory of our ideas, but none of them offered any argument for this conceptualist claim, and apparently took it to be uncontroversial."
↑ Gutting, Gary (1999). Pragmatic Liberalism and the Critique of Modernity. Cambridge University Press. p. 116. ISBN 9780521649735. Modernity begins with Descartes's mutation of Augustinianism. Taylor emphasizes that "Descartes is in many ways profoundly Augustinian".
↑ Yolton, J. W., Realism and Appearances: An Essay in Ontology, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 136.
↑ "The Correspondence Theory of Truth" (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
↑ Gaukroger, S., Descartes: An Intellectual Biography, Clarendon Press, 1995, p. 228.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Étienne Gilson argued in La Liberté chez Descartes et la Théologie (Alcan, 1913, pp. 132–147) that Duns Scotus was not the source of Descartes's Voluntarism. Although there exist doctrinal differences between Descartes and Scotus "it is still possible to view Descartes as borrowing from a Scotist Voluntarist tradition" (see: John Schuster, Descartes-Agonistes: Physico-mathematics, Method & Corpuscular-Mechanism 1618–33, Springer, 2012, p. 363, n. 26).
↑ Marenbon, John (2007). Medieval Philosophy: an historical and philosophical introduction. Routledge. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-415-28113-3.
↑ H. Ben-Yami, Descartes' Philosophical Revolution: A Reassessment, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p. 76.
↑ H. Ben-Yami, Descartes' Philosophical Revolution: A Reassessment, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p. 179: "[Descartes'] work in mathematics was apparently influenced by Viète's, despite his denial of any acquaintance with the latter's work."
↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na CM2017
↑ "Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, French prelate and historian (1627–1704)" from the Encyclopædia Britannica, 10th Edition (1902)
↑ Wells, John (3 April 2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
↑ "Descartes". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins.
↑ "Descartes, René^{[permanent dead link]}" (US English). Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2020.
↑ Colie, Rosalie L. (1957). Light and Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press. p. 58.
↑ Nadler, Steven. 2015. The Philosopher, the Priest, and the Painter: A Portrait of Descartes. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16575-2.

Ginikanan

Agostini, Siegrid; Leblanc, Hélène, eds. (2015). Examina Philosophica. I Quaderni di Alvearium (PDF). Le fondement de la science. Les dix premières années de la philosophie cartésienne (1619–1628).
Boyer, Carl (1985). A History of Mathematics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02391-5.
Carriero, John (2008). Between Two Worlds. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13561-8.
Chomsky, Noam (1966). Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-1-877275-34-0. ; (2009) Third Edition, edited with a new introduction by James McGilvray, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-70817-3
Clarke, Desmond (2006). Descartes: A Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82301-2.
Costabel, Pierre (1987). René Descartes – Exercices pour les éléments des solides. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 978-2-13-040099-8.
Cottingham, John (1992). The Cambridge Companion to Descartes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36696-0.
Duncan, Steven M. (2008). The Proof of the External World: Cartesian Theism and the Possibility of Knowledge. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co. ISBN 978-0-227-17267-4. Archived from the original on 23 December 2008. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
Farrell, John. "Demons of Descartes and Hobbes." Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau (Cornell UP, 2006), chapter 7.
Garber, Daniel (1992). Descartes' Metaphysical Physics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-28219-0.
Garber, Daniel; Ayers, Michael (1998). The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53721-6.
Gaukroger, Stephen (1995). Descartes: An Intellectual Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-823994-9.
Gillespie, A. (2006). Descartes' demon: A dialogical analysis of 'Meditations on First Philosophy.' Theory & Psychology, 16, 761–781.
Grayling, A.C. (2005). Descartes: The Life and times of a Genius. New York: Walker Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0-8027-1501-2.
Heidegger, Martin [1938] (2002) The Age of the World Picture in Off the beaten track pp. 57–85
Keeling, S. V. (1968). Descartes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Melchert, Norman (2002). The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-19-517510-3.
Monnoyeur, Françoise (November 2017), Matière et espace dans le système cartésien, Paris, Harmattan, 266 pages. ISBN 978-2-343-13394-2.
Moreno Romo, Juan Carlos, Vindicación del cartesianismo radical, Anthropos, Barcelona, 2010.
Moreno Romo, Juan Carlos (Coord.), Descartes vivo. Ejercicios de hermenéutica cartesiana, Anthropos, Barcelona, 2007
Naaman-Zauderer, Noa (2010). Descartes' Deontological Turn: Reason, Will and Virtue in the Later Writings. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76330-1.
Negri, Antonio (2007) The Political Descartes, Verso.
Ozaki, Makoto (1991). Kartenspiel, oder Kommentar zu den Meditationen des Herrn Descartes. Berlin: Klein Verlag. ISBN 978-3-927199-01-9.
Sasaki Chikara (2003). Descartes's Mathematical Thought. (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 237.) xiv + 496 pp., bibl., indexes. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Schäfer, Rainer (2006). Zweifel und Sein – Der Ursprung des modernen Selbstbewusstseins in Descartes' cogito. Wuerzburg: Koenigshausen&Neumann. ISBN 978-3-8260-3202-8.
Serfati, Michel, 2005, "Géometrie" in Ivor Grattan-Guinness, ed., Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics. Elsevier: 1–22.
Sorrell, Tom (1987). Descartes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-287636-2.
Vrooman, Jack Rochford (1970). René Descartes: A Biography. Putnam Press.
Watson, Richard A. (2012). "René Descartes". Encyclopædia Britannica (Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc). http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/158787/Rene-Descartes. Retrieved on 31 March 2012.
Watson, Richard A. (2007). Cogito, Ergo Sum: a life of René Descartes. David R Godine. 2002, reprint 2007. ISBN 978-1-56792-335-3. Was chosen by the New York Public library as one of "25 Books to Remember from 2002"
Woo, B. Hoon (2013). "The Understanding of Gisbertus Voetius and René Descartes on the Relationship of Faith and Reason, and Theology and Philosophy". Westminster Theological Journal 75 (1): 45–63. https://www.academia.edu/3325870.

Panluwas na takod

General

The Correspondence of René Descartes in EMLO
Works by René Descartes at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about René Descartes at Internet Archive
Mga gibo ni René Descartes sa LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Detailed biography of Descartes at MacTutor
Plantilya:Cite CE1913
John Cottingham translation of Meditations and Objections and Replies.
René Descartes (1596–1650) Published in Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition (1996)
A site containing Descartes's main works, including correspondence, slightly modified for easier reading
Descartes Philosophical Writings tr. by Norman Kemp Smith at archive.org
Studies in the Cartesian philosophy (1902) by Norman Kemp Smith at archive.org
The Philosophical Works Of Descartes Volume II (1934) at archive.org
Descartes featured on the 100 French Franc banknote from 1942. Archived 2009-04-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Plantilya:IMSLP
Si René Descartes sa Mathematics Genealogy Project
Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi su Descartes e il Seicento
Livre Premier, La Géométrie, online and analyzed by A. Warusfel, BibNum[click "à télécharger" for English analysis]

Bibliographies

Bibliografia cartesiana/Bibliographie cartésienne on-line (1997–2012)

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Other

Bernard Williams interviewed about Descartes on Men of ideas

Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. Makakatabang ka sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagpoon kaining pahina.

[2] Although the uncertain authorship of this most iconic portrait of Descartes was traditionally attributed to Frans Hals, there is no record of their meeting. During the 20th century the assumption was widely challenged.^[1]

[16] Adjectival form: Cartesian /kɑːrˈtiːziən, -iːʒən/

[1] Nadler, S., The Philosopher, The Priest, and The Painter (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013), pp. 174–198.

[3] Tad M. Schmaltz, Radical Cartesianism: The French Reception of Descartes, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 257.

[SEP-FTJ-4] Fumerton, Richard (21 February 2000). "Foundationalist Theories of Epistemic Justification". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 19 August 2018.

[5] Bostock, D., Philosophy of Mathematics: An Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, p. 43: "All of Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume supposed that mathematics is a theory of our ideas, but none of them offered any argument for this conceptualist claim, and apparently took it to be uncontroversial."

[6] Gutting, Gary (1999). Pragmatic Liberalism and the Critique of Modernity. Cambridge University Press. p. 116. ISBN 9780521649735. Modernity begins with Descartes's mutation of Augustinianism. Taylor emphasizes that "Descartes is in many ways profoundly Augustinian".

[7] Yolton, J. W., Realism and Appearances: An Essay in Ontology, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 136.

[8] "The Correspondence Theory of Truth" (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

[9] Gaukroger, S., Descartes: An Intellectual Biography, Clarendon Press, 1995, p. 228.

[Gilson-10] 9.0 ^9.1 Étienne Gilson argued in La Liberté chez Descartes et la Théologie (Alcan, 1913, pp. 132–147) that Duns Scotus was not the source of Descartes's Voluntarism. Although there exist doctrinal differences between Descartes and Scotus "it is still possible to view Descartes as borrowing from a Scotist Voluntarist tradition" (see: John Schuster, Descartes-Agonistes: Physico-mathematics, Method & Corpuscular-Mechanism 1618–33, Springer, 2012, p. 363, n. 26).

[11] Marenbon, John (2007). Medieval Philosophy: an historical and philosophical introduction. Routledge. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-415-28113-3.

[12] H. Ben-Yami, Descartes' Philosophical Revolution: A Reassessment, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p. 76.

[13] H. Ben-Yami, Descartes' Philosophical Revolution: A Reassessment, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p. 179: "[Descartes'] work in mathematics was apparently influenced by Viète's, despite his denial of any acquaintance with the latter's work."

[CM2017-14] Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na CM2017

[15] "Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, French prelate and historian (1627–1704)" from the Encyclopædia Britannica, 10th Edition (1902)

[longman-17] Wells, John (3 April 2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.

[18] "Descartes". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins.

[19] "Descartes, René^{[permanent dead link]}" (US English). Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2020.

[20] Colie, Rosalie L. (1957). Light and Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press. p. 58.

[21] Nadler, Steven. 2015. The Philosopher, the Priest, and the Painter: A Portrait of Descartes. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16575-2.

[lower-alpha 1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[lower-alpha 2]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[1]