Paid work is of fundamental importance in modern societies. For individuals, it serves not only t... more Paid work is of fundamental importance in modern societies. For individuals, it serves not only to provide them with a means of financial income but also plays an important role in determining social status and prestige. Based on a quantitative study of 141 bank employees, this paper empirically explores the predictors and consequences of job insecurity components among bank employees in Malaysia. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of job security satisfaction in predicting organizational commitment and job performance among bank employees in Malaysia. Furthermore, the study explores the contribution of certain demographic variables such as monthly income, age, marital status, education level, job level, tenure in present job and tenure in present organization, as well as organizational factors such as an organization's activity and training for explaining variations in the levels of satisfaction with job security among individuals. This study suggests th...
Developing more potential green business is at the heart of sustainability. As an important third... more Developing more potential green business is at the heart of sustainability. As an important third engine of economic growth Malaysia's agriculture not only needs to grow, but also more importantly to grow sustainably. Rice provides staple food and abundant potentials for rice-based products, but it also produces abundant post-harvest wastes in the form of straws which do pose some environmentally serious disposal problems. Developing rice straw as raw materials in agri-based enterprises would only strengthen Malaysia's rice sector through the development of value-added industrial chains while reducing the environmentally less friendly impact of the straw disposal. This paper examines factors that influence entrepreneurs' decision to utilize rice straw as raw material for agribusiness development. The study involved in-depth interviews of 44 entrepreneurs located in the two largest granary area in Malaysia of the Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) region (24 entrepreneurs) and Sekinchan (20 entrepreneurs) in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA) in NorthWest Selangor. Results showed that straw availability, straw prices, straw potentials, government supports, and government environmental policies were all factors that may motivate or discourage agripreneurs in Malaysia to utilize rice straw as raw materials in for upstream or down stream enterprises.
Given the need to address the adverse environmental impacts of rice straw burning, enhancing stra... more Given the need to address the adverse environmental impacts of rice straw burning, enhancing straw-utilisation would seem to be a step in the right direction. One way to achieve this objective would be to develop viable straw entrepreneurs. This study evaluates the barriers and challenges facing the straw entrepreneurial development in Malaysia. A total of 44 entrepreneurs in the country's rice bowl areas of MADA (n=24) and Sekinchan (n=20) were interviewed. The findings reveal five major problems that have been stagnating the Malaysian straw agribusiness, namely, lack of support from both authorities and the community, lack of research and access to technology facilities, low levels of skills and knowledge pertaining to straw industry, and lack of readily available venture capital. Other related challenges unveiled include uncertain entrepreneurial attitude, limited product markets, unreliable supply of raw straw, and the lack of skilled workers. To reverse the stagnation and rejuvenate its straw by-product agribusiness Malaysia would need to strengthen and integrate institutional support, to enlarge all round stakeholders' involvement including that of the local community and the entrepreneurs themselves, and embark on fullscale product and market development.
The greater engagement of cereal farmers in better straw-utilisation could probably reduce the ad... more The greater engagement of cereal farmers in better straw-utilisation could probably reduce the adverse impacts of open burning of straw on the environment. However, it seems difficult to achieve with the current knowledge and ability of farmers being limited and also by other external factors. This study attempts, to assess the influence of various environmental and socioeconomic factors that influence farmers managing straw in a more environmentally-friendly manner. The study focused on Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) agricultural region in Kedah. It involved 160 farmers, either involved in straw collection by MADA or utilising straw as a by-products for another purpose. Results show that several factors are influencing the stagnation of better straw-utilisation in the MADA region. It includes weather (humidity and rain); incentives that are not commensurate to farmers; inefficient straw collection technology; lack of logistic facilities (baler machines, storage and transportation); low level of skills and knowledge of farmers; inefficient management from agricultural agencies; and lack of capital to manage straw in their fields. Given the economic value and high potential, straw could become much more important by-product for farmers and local communities. Moreover, straw could also stimulate the wider rural economy through added-value industrial chain as well as more generally impoving the agricultural environment.
Paid work is of fundamental importance in modern societies. For individuals, it serves not only t... more Paid work is of fundamental importance in modern societies. For individuals, it serves not only to provide them with a means of financial income but also plays an important role in determining social status and prestige. Based on a quantitative study of 141 bank employees, this paper empirically explores the predictors and consequences of job insecurity components among bank employees in Malaysia. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of job security satisfaction in predicting organizational commitment and job performance among bank employees in Malaysia. Furthermore, the study explores the contribution of certain demographic variables such as monthly income, age, marital status, education level, job level, tenure in present job and tenure in present organization, as well as organizational factors such as an organization’s activity and training for explaining variations in the levels of satisfaction with job security among individuals. This study suggests that the relationships between job security satisfaction and both organizational commitment and job performance should provide managers with valuable information for developing plans to inspire and retain organizational commitment and to enhance employees’ performance.
Paid work is of fundamental importance in modern societies. For individuals, it serves not only t... more Paid work is of fundamental importance in modern societies. For individuals, it serves not only to provide them with a means of financial income but also plays an important role in determining social status and prestige. Based on a quantitative study of 141 bank employees, this paper empirically explores the predictors and consequences of job insecurity components among bank employees in Malaysia. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of job security satisfaction in predicting organizational commitment and job performance among bank employees in Malaysia. Furthermore, the study explores the contribution of certain demographic variables such as monthly income, age, marital status, education level, job level, tenure in present job and tenure in present organization, as well as organizational factors such as an organization's activity and training for explaining variations in the levels of satisfaction with job security among individuals. This study suggests th...
Developing more potential green business is at the heart of sustainability. As an important third... more Developing more potential green business is at the heart of sustainability. As an important third engine of economic growth Malaysia's agriculture not only needs to grow, but also more importantly to grow sustainably. Rice provides staple food and abundant potentials for rice-based products, but it also produces abundant post-harvest wastes in the form of straws which do pose some environmentally serious disposal problems. Developing rice straw as raw materials in agri-based enterprises would only strengthen Malaysia's rice sector through the development of value-added industrial chains while reducing the environmentally less friendly impact of the straw disposal. This paper examines factors that influence entrepreneurs' decision to utilize rice straw as raw material for agribusiness development. The study involved in-depth interviews of 44 entrepreneurs located in the two largest granary area in Malaysia of the Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) region (24 entrepreneurs) and Sekinchan (20 entrepreneurs) in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA) in NorthWest Selangor. Results showed that straw availability, straw prices, straw potentials, government supports, and government environmental policies were all factors that may motivate or discourage agripreneurs in Malaysia to utilize rice straw as raw materials in for upstream or down stream enterprises.
Given the need to address the adverse environmental impacts of rice straw burning, enhancing stra... more Given the need to address the adverse environmental impacts of rice straw burning, enhancing straw-utilisation would seem to be a step in the right direction. One way to achieve this objective would be to develop viable straw entrepreneurs. This study evaluates the barriers and challenges facing the straw entrepreneurial development in Malaysia. A total of 44 entrepreneurs in the country's rice bowl areas of MADA (n=24) and Sekinchan (n=20) were interviewed. The findings reveal five major problems that have been stagnating the Malaysian straw agribusiness, namely, lack of support from both authorities and the community, lack of research and access to technology facilities, low levels of skills and knowledge pertaining to straw industry, and lack of readily available venture capital. Other related challenges unveiled include uncertain entrepreneurial attitude, limited product markets, unreliable supply of raw straw, and the lack of skilled workers. To reverse the stagnation and rejuvenate its straw by-product agribusiness Malaysia would need to strengthen and integrate institutional support, to enlarge all round stakeholders' involvement including that of the local community and the entrepreneurs themselves, and embark on fullscale product and market development.
The greater engagement of cereal farmers in better straw-utilisation could probably reduce the ad... more The greater engagement of cereal farmers in better straw-utilisation could probably reduce the adverse impacts of open burning of straw on the environment. However, it seems difficult to achieve with the current knowledge and ability of farmers being limited and also by other external factors. This study attempts, to assess the influence of various environmental and socioeconomic factors that influence farmers managing straw in a more environmentally-friendly manner. The study focused on Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) agricultural region in Kedah. It involved 160 farmers, either involved in straw collection by MADA or utilising straw as a by-products for another purpose. Results show that several factors are influencing the stagnation of better straw-utilisation in the MADA region. It includes weather (humidity and rain); incentives that are not commensurate to farmers; inefficient straw collection technology; lack of logistic facilities (baler machines, storage and transportation); low level of skills and knowledge of farmers; inefficient management from agricultural agencies; and lack of capital to manage straw in their fields. Given the economic value and high potential, straw could become much more important by-product for farmers and local communities. Moreover, straw could also stimulate the wider rural economy through added-value industrial chain as well as more generally impoving the agricultural environment.
Paid work is of fundamental importance in modern societies. For individuals, it serves not only t... more Paid work is of fundamental importance in modern societies. For individuals, it serves not only to provide them with a means of financial income but also plays an important role in determining social status and prestige. Based on a quantitative study of 141 bank employees, this paper empirically explores the predictors and consequences of job insecurity components among bank employees in Malaysia. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of job security satisfaction in predicting organizational commitment and job performance among bank employees in Malaysia. Furthermore, the study explores the contribution of certain demographic variables such as monthly income, age, marital status, education level, job level, tenure in present job and tenure in present organization, as well as organizational factors such as an organization’s activity and training for explaining variations in the levels of satisfaction with job security among individuals. This study suggests that the relationships between job security satisfaction and both organizational commitment and job performance should provide managers with valuable information for developing plans to inspire and retain organizational commitment and to enhance employees’ performance.
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Papers by Wan Toren
a means of financial income but also plays an important role in determining social status and prestige. Based on a
quantitative study of 141 bank employees, this paper empirically explores the predictors and consequences of job
insecurity components among bank employees in Malaysia. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role
of job security satisfaction in predicting organizational commitment and job performance among bank employees in
Malaysia. Furthermore, the study explores the contribution of certain demographic variables such as monthly
income, age, marital status, education level, job level, tenure in present job and tenure in present organization, as
well as organizational factors such as an organization’s activity and training for explaining variations in the levels of
satisfaction with job security among individuals. This study suggests that the relationships between job security
satisfaction and both organizational commitment and job performance should provide managers with valuable
information for developing plans to inspire and retain organizational commitment and to enhance employees’
performance.
a means of financial income but also plays an important role in determining social status and prestige. Based on a
quantitative study of 141 bank employees, this paper empirically explores the predictors and consequences of job
insecurity components among bank employees in Malaysia. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role
of job security satisfaction in predicting organizational commitment and job performance among bank employees in
Malaysia. Furthermore, the study explores the contribution of certain demographic variables such as monthly
income, age, marital status, education level, job level, tenure in present job and tenure in present organization, as
well as organizational factors such as an organization’s activity and training for explaining variations in the levels of
satisfaction with job security among individuals. This study suggests that the relationships between job security
satisfaction and both organizational commitment and job performance should provide managers with valuable
information for developing plans to inspire and retain organizational commitment and to enhance employees’
performance.