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Professor Anas I . YAHAYA

Bayero University, Kano, Anatomy, Faculty Member

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I am Anas, a Professor of Anatomy with specific interest in Bioanthropology. Currently, I am with the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano (BUK), Nigeria, where I was the head of department twice (2015-2017, 2019-2021). I was also the former head of Anatomy department & Dean, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano. I graduated with an MBBS degree from University of Ilorin, a Master degree in Anatomy from Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria & Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from University College London. I am interested in human facial morphology and its variations from within and between individuals of the same or different age, sex, ethnicity, or race . I have more than 50 publications regarding this in various journals of national & international repute.
Address: Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano.

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Papers by Professor Anas I . YAHAYA

Anatomical variation of suprascapular notch amongst the dissected cadavers in anatomy department, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

European journal of anatomy, 2018

The majority of medical students may not have witnessed the absence of the suprascapular notch th... more The majority of medical students may not have witnessed the absence of the suprascapular notch throughout their dissection period in their medical schools due to its rarity. This absence is very important to the physicians and to the surgeons, as it can cause suprascapular nerve entrapment neuropathy. The aim of this paper is to report the incidence of the total absence of suprascapular notch amongst the past and the presently dissected cadavers in the department. The Anatomy Department had procured averagely 90 human cadavers within thirty years of its establishment. Each formalin-embalmed cadaver was fully dissected by either 200 or 300 level medical or para-medical students. Since the inception of the department, any morphological anomalies of the soft or hard tissues and variations in terms of shape, size, position, or absence were always recorded and published. The human scapulae from those previously dissected cadavers were always examined just like any other bone in the human...

Birth Weight and Placental Weight Correlation of Fulani Ethnic Group Parturients in Nigeria

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2014

Aims: We aim to establish the relationship of birth weight to the placental weight of Fulani ethn... more Aims: We aim to establish the relationship of birth weight to the placental weight of Fulani ethnic community which is an important population politically and economically not only in Nigeria but to West Africa in general. Study Design: This was a prospective study on Fulani ethnic group parturients living in Kano State of Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria, from November 2007 to September 2008. Methodology: The study involved 390 healthy placentas (delivered at term) of Fulani ethnic group parturient in Nigeria. Each placenta was cleansed of blood clots and trimmed of umbilical cord near its attachment and its weight determined using the triple beam balance. The weight of new born was determined using Birth weight weighing Balance. The data were recorded and analyzed using Minitab 16 software and Pearson’ Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the weights. Regression equation was also developed. Results: The mean birth weight was 2867.4 g (SD: 447.7 g), and for the placental weight, the mean found to be 477.6 g (SD: 74.8 g). The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the placenta and the birth weight using the Pearson correlation (r = 0.963, P < 0.001). Birth weight-Placenta ratio was 6.0 (SD: 0.3). The scatterplot (birth weight vs. placenta) shows the linear relationship of birth weight to placental weight (Fig. 1). Original Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(4): 1049-1055, 2014 1050 Conclusion: The birth weight of Fulani ethnic group parturients correlates positively with the placental weight (P < 0.001) and this is in keeping with what was reported in the literature.

Osteochondroma of the proximal femur: A case study and review of literature

Int. J. Biomed. & Hlth. …, 2010

... IY Anas*, UG Esomonu, ND Dimitrov, FI Rabiu and MH Modibbo ... sincerely thank Mr. Isaac Keme... more

Curriculum Vitae

The effect of calf and thigh circumferences in determining brain lesion characteristics in patients with acute stroke: A hospital-based study

Pyramid Journal of Medicine

The role of stroke risk factors in stroke patterning and differentiation is poorly investigated, ... more The role of stroke risk factors in stroke patterning and differentiation is poorly investigated, especially for measures of body composition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of skinfold thickness, waist and limb circumference measurements in patterning and differentiation of stroke in hospitalized patients. Prospective study of acute stroke patients hospitalized in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Nigeria was conducted in 16 months. Biceps brachii, triceps brachii, suprailiac and subscapular skinfold thickness measurements were taken using Skyndex Research Caliper. Upper arm, waist, thigh, and calf circumferences were taken, using an inelastic measuring tape according to the same standards. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, unpaired sample t-test, and Binary logistic regression using SPSS IBM version 20. The results shown that the studied anthropometric parameters, do not only predispose to stroke but tend to determine the specific stroke pathologic type....

Prevalence of middle ear effusion (MEE) and other middle ear problems among apparently healthy children in some selected primary schools in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, May 4, 2022

Anthropometric comparison of nasal indices between the Igbos and Yorubas in Nigeria

Global Journal of Medical Sciences, 2006

Anatomical variation of the spinous process in the cervical vertebrae: A case study

Int. J. Biomed. & Hlth. …, 2010

Prevalence of central obesity in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Public Health

OBJECTIVES Elevated waist circumference results from an excessive accumulation of visceral fat, c... more OBJECTIVES Elevated waist circumference results from an excessive accumulation of visceral fat, causing an impairment of health. Waist circumference is highly correlated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate the overall, sex-specific, and region-specific prevalence rates of central obesity in Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Online searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted, and studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Random effects model was fitted using inverse variance method with correction using Sidik-Jonkman's estimator. RESULTS Eighteen studies consisting of 21,859 individuals conducted between 1996 and 2021 were included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-nine percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25%-54%, I2 = 99.3%) of adult Nigerians are centrally obese (by International Diabetes Federation criteria). This translates to estimated 46.8 million centrally obese adult Nigerians. More than half (54% [95% CI: 39%-68%]) of adult females are centrally obese. This is four times the prevalence in males (13% [95% CI: 5%-24%]). Southern regions have higher prevalence of central obesity than northern regions (48% vs 18%). The overall mean waist circumference in Nigeria is 83.8 cm (95% CI: 80.8-86.8 cm, I2 = 99.8%, P value is <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Females, urban residents, and individuals living in the northern part of Nigeria have a high burden of central obesity. Public health measures for halting the epidemic of obesity should be targeted at these high-risk groups.

Text Book of Practical Anatomy with Clinical, X-ray and Surface Anatomy Correlations. Vol.2

ABU Printing Press, 2009

Text Book of Practical Anatomy with Clinical, X-ray, And Surface Anatomy Correlations. Vol.1

ABU Printing Press, 2009

Prediabetes Burden in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prediabetes is a borderline glycemic status associated with both higher incidence of cardiovascul... more Prediabetes is a borderline glycemic status associated with both higher incidence of cardiovascular disease as well as higher risk of progression to diabetes. There is a rising burden of diabetes and prediabetes globally. This study aims to estimate the burden of prediabetes in Nigeria. Online searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted and studies were selected based on predefined criteria. A total of 15 studies consisting of 14,206 individuals conducted between 2000 and 2019 were included in the meta-analysis with studies using American Diabetic Association (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria pooled separately. The pooled prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria was found to be 13.2% (95% CI: 5.6-23.2%, I 2 = 98.4%) using the ADA criteria and 10.4% (95% CI: 4.3-18.9%, I 2 = 99.2%) using the WHO criteria. According to the latest data by the United Nations, this translates to an estimated 15.8 and 12.5 million adult prediabetic individuals in Nigeria using the ADA and WHO criteria, respectively. The prevalence rates for women and men were similar at 12.1% (95% CI: 5-21%). The pooled prevalence rates for urban and rural settlements were also similar at 9% (95% CI: 2-22%). In conclusion, the prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria was almost two times higher than the 7.3% estimate by the International Diabetes Federation in 2003. The similar rates of prediabetes between men and women and between urban and rural settlements points toward narrowing of cardiovascular risk burden between the two sexes and the two settlements. This represents higher future cardiovascular disease burden in the country further pressurizing the overstretched healthcare system.

Dermatoglyphics of the Sickle Cell Anemic (HbSS) and Normal (HbAA) Subjects: A Comparative Study of the Sub-Saharan African Population

Dermatoglyphics have a very wide range of application as in human identification, security purpos... more Dermatoglyphics have a very wide range of application as in human identification, security purposes and predicting the future phenotype of diseases. Sickle cell anaemia is a very prevalent blood disorder, but there is no baseline data on dermatoglyphics of the people living with the condition among the Hausa ethnic group of Kano. The study was conducted in Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital Kano, in which the fingerprint features of 200 people living with sickle cell Anaemia were compared to 200 normal individuals. The frequency of fingerprint patterns, 2 fingerprint ridge density in a 25mm , and fingerprint ridge thickness were studied. An application system was used to capture the fingerprints through a fingerprint scanner device connected to the computer system via USB. Both radial and ulnar ridge density and thickness were obtained by the application. Independent sample T-test was used to compare the ridge density and thickness of the sickle cell patients and that of the normal group. Chi-square test was used to determine association between fingerprint patterns and sickle cell anaemia. The results showed no significant association between sickle cell anaemia and fingerprint patterns of all the digits of both hands in both sexes. However, people living with sickle cell anaemia were found to have higher ridge density than the normal group with significant difference seen in some of the digits in both sexes. Similarly, normal individuals had higher mean ridge thickness with significant difference seen in some of the digits in both sexes. The study showed that specific differences exist between people living with sickle cell anaemia and normal group and the data obtained can serve as a baseline for the fingerprint features of people living with sickle cell anaemia in Kano.

In Search of the Identity of A Successful Businessman: A Thumbprint Study in Kano State Nigeria

For a long time, thumbprint has been used as a means of assessing or predicting one's success in ... more For a long time, thumbprint has been used as a means of assessing or predicting one's success in life. This study was aimed at determining the relationship of the thumbprint with economic status of businessmen in Kantin Kwari market Kano, Nigeria. The study was a cross sectional and involved the collection of Biodata (age, Sex, Marital status and economic status) using interview, thumbprint was mapped using fingerprint pad. The thumbprint was mapped using the thumb of each hand (both right and left) and was recorded as one of the conventional types of thumbprints (Whorl, Loop, and Arch). Thumbprint Data was expressed as frequency table, and economic data was presented as mean, standard deviation and standard error of mean. Economic Mean differences was compared between and within groups of businessmen with different types of thumbprints. Results however, did not show any significant relation between thumbprint and economic status, although businessmen with Loop thumbprint had higher mean income than the other two groups. Thumbprint cannot therefore be used categorically as a predictor of one's business success but may be used as an ordinary pointer.

Prevalence of Middle Ear Effusion (MEE) and other Middle Ear Problems among Apparently Healthy Children in Some Selected Primary Schools in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Middle ear effusion (MEE) is the commonest ear problem affecting children less than 6 years and i... more Middle ear effusion (MEE) is the commonest ear problem affecting children less than 6 years and is a threat to deafness which is common in our environment. Tympanometry is used to determine MEE and other problems of the middle ear. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of middle ear effusion and other middle ear problems among apparently healthy school children in some selected schools in Kano Metropolis. The study was in four primary schools located in Kano metropolis where socio-demographic characteristics of the participants (whose parents consented) were recorded, and pneumatic tympanometry was conducted. The participants were 150 school children (78 males and 72 females) aged 4-12 years and were selected using stratified sampling technique, with mean age of 9.8 ± 2.2 years. Results showed that Cronbach's alpha was > 85% for both intra and inter-observer error estimate. In all the measured parameters, significant sexual dimorphism was only found in the right ear cavity volume (Rt ECV) with males having higher values (p<0.05). Majority of the pupils (82%) had normal (type A) tympanogram, 6% had flat (type B) which signifies middle ear effusion, 5.4% had type C tympanogram which signifies negative middle ear pressure and clinically eustachian tube dysfunction, 5.6% had type As (osteosclerosis of the middle ear), and 1% has Ad type (ossicular discontinuity). Age, height & weight correlated significantly with one or more of the measured ear parameters of the left or right in both sexes. The prevalence of MEE among school-aged children in Kano metropolis is alarming and is a threat to deafness. Therefore, clinicians should be more suspicious and include routine ear examination for children in their practice to detect uncomplicated MEE.

Prevalence of central obesity in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

by Professor Anas I . YAHAYA and Ashiru Yusuf

Public Health, 2022

Objectives: Elevated waist circumference results from an excessive accumulation of visceral fat, ... more Objectives: Elevated waist circumference results from an excessive accumulation of visceral fat, causing an impairment of health. Waist circumference is highly correlated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate the overall, sex-specific, and region-specific prevalence rates of central obesity in Nigeria. Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Online searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted, and studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Random effects model was fitted using inverse variance method with correction using Sidik-Jonkman's estimator. Results: Eighteen studies consisting of 21,859 individuals conducted between 1996 and 2021 were included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-nine percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25%e54%, I 2 ¼ 99.3%) of adult Nigerians are centrally obese (by International Diabetes Federation criteria). This translates to estimated 46.8 million centrally obese adult Nigerians. More than half (54% [95% CI: 39%e68%]) of adult females are centrally obese. This is four times the prevalence in males (13% [95% CI: 5%e24%]). Southern regions have higher prevalence of central obesity than northern regions (48% vs 18%). The overall mean waist circumference in Nigeria is 83.8 cm (95% CI: 80.8e86.8 cm, I 2 ¼ 99.8%, P value is <0.001). Conclusions: Females, urban residents, and individuals living in the northern part of Nigeria have a high burden of central obesity. Public health measures for halting the epidemic of obesity should be targeted at these high-risk groups.

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) OF ADULTS HAUSA-FULANI IN NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Sahel Medical Journal, 2007

Background: The accuracy of Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to actual levels of body fat is eas... more Background: The accuracy of Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to actual levels of body fat is easily distorted by such factors as fitness level, muscle mass, bone structure, gender and ethnicity. Design: A prospective study of the BMI of apparently healthy adults Hausa-Fulani subjects was undertaken in Sakata metropolis. Methodology: A random sampling method was used to select volunteers whose BMI was studied from March to June 2007. Health-O-Meter Scale (Balance Beam) and Stature Measurement Board were used to measure the weight and height respectively. The weight of every volunteer was scaled according to his/her height. Results: A total of 400 subjects were involved in this study. Of this figure, 288 (72%) were males, and 112 (28%) were females (m: f ratio =2.6:1). The range of measurement of BMI for aI/ the subjects used in the study was 1I-68kg/ni. The lower boundary of BMI for males (11 kg/nil found in this study was lower than that for females (15 kg/nil. The upper boundary of BMI obtained for males (34 kg/nil, again, was lower than that of females (68 kg/nil. The mean BMI obtained for al/ the subjects was 21.13 kglni %4.37). However, the mean BMI for males (20.68 kg/ni %3.57) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that obtained for females (22.28 kg/ni %5.81). Conclusion: From this study it is concluded that the BMI of adult male Hausa-Fulani in northwestern Nigeria is significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of their female counterparts.

Effects of Ingestion of Ethanol Extracts of Garcinia Cola Seed on Leucocytes in Wistar Rats

Nig Journ of clin and biomedical research , 2008

Studies on The Facial Dimensions Among Hausa Ethnic Group

BEST Journal, 2008

Height Approximation of the Hausa Ethnic Group Using Hand Length Based on A Study of Students at Bayero University Kano

Bayero journal of interdisciplinary studies, 2009

Anatomical variation of suprascapular notch amongst the dissected cadavers in anatomy department, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

European journal of anatomy, 2018

The majority of medical students may not have witnessed the absence of the suprascapular notch th... more The majority of medical students may not have witnessed the absence of the suprascapular notch throughout their dissection period in their medical schools due to its rarity. This absence is very important to the physicians and to the surgeons, as it can cause suprascapular nerve entrapment neuropathy. The aim of this paper is to report the incidence of the total absence of suprascapular notch amongst the past and the presently dissected cadavers in the department. The Anatomy Department had procured averagely 90 human cadavers within thirty years of its establishment. Each formalin-embalmed cadaver was fully dissected by either 200 or 300 level medical or para-medical students. Since the inception of the department, any morphological anomalies of the soft or hard tissues and variations in terms of shape, size, position, or absence were always recorded and published. The human scapulae from those previously dissected cadavers were always examined just like any other bone in the human...

Birth Weight and Placental Weight Correlation of Fulani Ethnic Group Parturients in Nigeria

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2014

Aims: We aim to establish the relationship of birth weight to the placental weight of Fulani ethn... more Aims: We aim to establish the relationship of birth weight to the placental weight of Fulani ethnic community which is an important population politically and economically not only in Nigeria but to West Africa in general. Study Design: This was a prospective study on Fulani ethnic group parturients living in Kano State of Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria, from November 2007 to September 2008. Methodology: The study involved 390 healthy placentas (delivered at term) of Fulani ethnic group parturient in Nigeria. Each placenta was cleansed of blood clots and trimmed of umbilical cord near its attachment and its weight determined using the triple beam balance. The weight of new born was determined using Birth weight weighing Balance. The data were recorded and analyzed using Minitab 16 software and Pearson’ Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the weights. Regression equation was also developed. Results: The mean birth weight was 2867.4 g (SD: 447.7 g), and for the placental weight, the mean found to be 477.6 g (SD: 74.8 g). The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the placenta and the birth weight using the Pearson correlation (r = 0.963, P < 0.001). Birth weight-Placenta ratio was 6.0 (SD: 0.3). The scatterplot (birth weight vs. placenta) shows the linear relationship of birth weight to placental weight (Fig. 1). Original Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(4): 1049-1055, 2014 1050 Conclusion: The birth weight of Fulani ethnic group parturients correlates positively with the placental weight (P < 0.001) and this is in keeping with what was reported in the literature.

Osteochondroma of the proximal femur: A case study and review of literature

Int. J. Biomed. & Hlth. …, 2010

... IY Anas*, UG Esomonu, ND Dimitrov, FI Rabiu and MH Modibbo ... sincerely thank Mr. Isaac Keme... more

Curriculum Vitae

The effect of calf and thigh circumferences in determining brain lesion characteristics in patients with acute stroke: A hospital-based study

Pyramid Journal of Medicine

The role of stroke risk factors in stroke patterning and differentiation is poorly investigated, ... more The role of stroke risk factors in stroke patterning and differentiation is poorly investigated, especially for measures of body composition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of skinfold thickness, waist and limb circumference measurements in patterning and differentiation of stroke in hospitalized patients. Prospective study of acute stroke patients hospitalized in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Nigeria was conducted in 16 months. Biceps brachii, triceps brachii, suprailiac and subscapular skinfold thickness measurements were taken using Skyndex Research Caliper. Upper arm, waist, thigh, and calf circumferences were taken, using an inelastic measuring tape according to the same standards. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, unpaired sample t-test, and Binary logistic regression using SPSS IBM version 20. The results shown that the studied anthropometric parameters, do not only predispose to stroke but tend to determine the specific stroke pathologic type....

Prevalence of middle ear effusion (MEE) and other middle ear problems among apparently healthy children in some selected primary schools in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, May 4, 2022

Anthropometric comparison of nasal indices between the Igbos and Yorubas in Nigeria

Global Journal of Medical Sciences, 2006

Anatomical variation of the spinous process in the cervical vertebrae: A case study

Int. J. Biomed. & Hlth. …, 2010

Prevalence of central obesity in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Public Health

OBJECTIVES Elevated waist circumference results from an excessive accumulation of visceral fat, c... more OBJECTIVES Elevated waist circumference results from an excessive accumulation of visceral fat, causing an impairment of health. Waist circumference is highly correlated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate the overall, sex-specific, and region-specific prevalence rates of central obesity in Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Online searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted, and studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Random effects model was fitted using inverse variance method with correction using Sidik-Jonkman's estimator. RESULTS Eighteen studies consisting of 21,859 individuals conducted between 1996 and 2021 were included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-nine percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25%-54%, I2 = 99.3%) of adult Nigerians are centrally obese (by International Diabetes Federation criteria). This translates to estimated 46.8 million centrally obese adult Nigerians. More than half (54% [95% CI: 39%-68%]) of adult females are centrally obese. This is four times the prevalence in males (13% [95% CI: 5%-24%]). Southern regions have higher prevalence of central obesity than northern regions (48% vs 18%). The overall mean waist circumference in Nigeria is 83.8 cm (95% CI: 80.8-86.8 cm, I2 = 99.8%, P value is <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Females, urban residents, and individuals living in the northern part of Nigeria have a high burden of central obesity. Public health measures for halting the epidemic of obesity should be targeted at these high-risk groups.

Text Book of Practical Anatomy with Clinical, X-ray and Surface Anatomy Correlations. Vol.2

ABU Printing Press, 2009

Text Book of Practical Anatomy with Clinical, X-ray, And Surface Anatomy Correlations. Vol.1

ABU Printing Press, 2009

Prediabetes Burden in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prediabetes is a borderline glycemic status associated with both higher incidence of cardiovascul... more Prediabetes is a borderline glycemic status associated with both higher incidence of cardiovascular disease as well as higher risk of progression to diabetes. There is a rising burden of diabetes and prediabetes globally. This study aims to estimate the burden of prediabetes in Nigeria. Online searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted and studies were selected based on predefined criteria. A total of 15 studies consisting of 14,206 individuals conducted between 2000 and 2019 were included in the meta-analysis with studies using American Diabetic Association (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria pooled separately. The pooled prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria was found to be 13.2% (95% CI: 5.6-23.2%, I 2 = 98.4%) using the ADA criteria and 10.4% (95% CI: 4.3-18.9%, I 2 = 99.2%) using the WHO criteria. According to the latest data by the United Nations, this translates to an estimated 15.8 and 12.5 million adult prediabetic individuals in Nigeria using the ADA and WHO criteria, respectively. The prevalence rates for women and men were similar at 12.1% (95% CI: 5-21%). The pooled prevalence rates for urban and rural settlements were also similar at 9% (95% CI: 2-22%). In conclusion, the prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria was almost two times higher than the 7.3% estimate by the International Diabetes Federation in 2003. The similar rates of prediabetes between men and women and between urban and rural settlements points toward narrowing of cardiovascular risk burden between the two sexes and the two settlements. This represents higher future cardiovascular disease burden in the country further pressurizing the overstretched healthcare system.

Dermatoglyphics of the Sickle Cell Anemic (HbSS) and Normal (HbAA) Subjects: A Comparative Study of the Sub-Saharan African Population

Dermatoglyphics have a very wide range of application as in human identification, security purpos... more Dermatoglyphics have a very wide range of application as in human identification, security purposes and predicting the future phenotype of diseases. Sickle cell anaemia is a very prevalent blood disorder, but there is no baseline data on dermatoglyphics of the people living with the condition among the Hausa ethnic group of Kano. The study was conducted in Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital Kano, in which the fingerprint features of 200 people living with sickle cell Anaemia were compared to 200 normal individuals. The frequency of fingerprint patterns, 2 fingerprint ridge density in a 25mm , and fingerprint ridge thickness were studied. An application system was used to capture the fingerprints through a fingerprint scanner device connected to the computer system via USB. Both radial and ulnar ridge density and thickness were obtained by the application. Independent sample T-test was used to compare the ridge density and thickness of the sickle cell patients and that of the normal group. Chi-square test was used to determine association between fingerprint patterns and sickle cell anaemia. The results showed no significant association between sickle cell anaemia and fingerprint patterns of all the digits of both hands in both sexes. However, people living with sickle cell anaemia were found to have higher ridge density than the normal group with significant difference seen in some of the digits in both sexes. Similarly, normal individuals had higher mean ridge thickness with significant difference seen in some of the digits in both sexes. The study showed that specific differences exist between people living with sickle cell anaemia and normal group and the data obtained can serve as a baseline for the fingerprint features of people living with sickle cell anaemia in Kano.

In Search of the Identity of A Successful Businessman: A Thumbprint Study in Kano State Nigeria

For a long time, thumbprint has been used as a means of assessing or predicting one's success in ... more For a long time, thumbprint has been used as a means of assessing or predicting one's success in life. This study was aimed at determining the relationship of the thumbprint with economic status of businessmen in Kantin Kwari market Kano, Nigeria. The study was a cross sectional and involved the collection of Biodata (age, Sex, Marital status and economic status) using interview, thumbprint was mapped using fingerprint pad. The thumbprint was mapped using the thumb of each hand (both right and left) and was recorded as one of the conventional types of thumbprints (Whorl, Loop, and Arch). Thumbprint Data was expressed as frequency table, and economic data was presented as mean, standard deviation and standard error of mean. Economic Mean differences was compared between and within groups of businessmen with different types of thumbprints. Results however, did not show any significant relation between thumbprint and economic status, although businessmen with Loop thumbprint had higher mean income than the other two groups. Thumbprint cannot therefore be used categorically as a predictor of one's business success but may be used as an ordinary pointer.

Prevalence of Middle Ear Effusion (MEE) and other Middle Ear Problems among Apparently Healthy Children in Some Selected Primary Schools in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Middle ear effusion (MEE) is the commonest ear problem affecting children less than 6 years and i... more Middle ear effusion (MEE) is the commonest ear problem affecting children less than 6 years and is a threat to deafness which is common in our environment. Tympanometry is used to determine MEE and other problems of the middle ear. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of middle ear effusion and other middle ear problems among apparently healthy school children in some selected schools in Kano Metropolis. The study was in four primary schools located in Kano metropolis where socio-demographic characteristics of the participants (whose parents consented) were recorded, and pneumatic tympanometry was conducted. The participants were 150 school children (78 males and 72 females) aged 4-12 years and were selected using stratified sampling technique, with mean age of 9.8 ± 2.2 years. Results showed that Cronbach's alpha was > 85% for both intra and inter-observer error estimate. In all the measured parameters, significant sexual dimorphism was only found in the right ear cavity volume (Rt ECV) with males having higher values (p<0.05). Majority of the pupils (82%) had normal (type A) tympanogram, 6% had flat (type B) which signifies middle ear effusion, 5.4% had type C tympanogram which signifies negative middle ear pressure and clinically eustachian tube dysfunction, 5.6% had type As (osteosclerosis of the middle ear), and 1% has Ad type (ossicular discontinuity). Age, height & weight correlated significantly with one or more of the measured ear parameters of the left or right in both sexes. The prevalence of MEE among school-aged children in Kano metropolis is alarming and is a threat to deafness. Therefore, clinicians should be more suspicious and include routine ear examination for children in their practice to detect uncomplicated MEE.

Prevalence of central obesity in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

by Professor Anas I . YAHAYA and Ashiru Yusuf

Public Health, 2022

Objectives: Elevated waist circumference results from an excessive accumulation of visceral fat, ... more Objectives: Elevated waist circumference results from an excessive accumulation of visceral fat, causing an impairment of health. Waist circumference is highly correlated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate the overall, sex-specific, and region-specific prevalence rates of central obesity in Nigeria. Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Online searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted, and studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Random effects model was fitted using inverse variance method with correction using Sidik-Jonkman's estimator. Results: Eighteen studies consisting of 21,859 individuals conducted between 1996 and 2021 were included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-nine percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25%e54%, I 2 ¼ 99.3%) of adult Nigerians are centrally obese (by International Diabetes Federation criteria). This translates to estimated 46.8 million centrally obese adult Nigerians. More than half (54% [95% CI: 39%e68%]) of adult females are centrally obese. This is four times the prevalence in males (13% [95% CI: 5%e24%]). Southern regions have higher prevalence of central obesity than northern regions (48% vs 18%). The overall mean waist circumference in Nigeria is 83.8 cm (95% CI: 80.8e86.8 cm, I 2 ¼ 99.8%, P value is <0.001). Conclusions: Females, urban residents, and individuals living in the northern part of Nigeria have a high burden of central obesity. Public health measures for halting the epidemic of obesity should be targeted at these high-risk groups.

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) OF ADULTS HAUSA-FULANI IN NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Sahel Medical Journal, 2007

Background: The accuracy of Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to actual levels of body fat is eas... more Background: The accuracy of Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to actual levels of body fat is easily distorted by such factors as fitness level, muscle mass, bone structure, gender and ethnicity. Design: A prospective study of the BMI of apparently healthy adults Hausa-Fulani subjects was undertaken in Sakata metropolis. Methodology: A random sampling method was used to select volunteers whose BMI was studied from March to June 2007. Health-O-Meter Scale (Balance Beam) and Stature Measurement Board were used to measure the weight and height respectively. The weight of every volunteer was scaled according to his/her height. Results: A total of 400 subjects were involved in this study. Of this figure, 288 (72%) were males, and 112 (28%) were females (m: f ratio =2.6:1). The range of measurement of BMI for aI/ the subjects used in the study was 1I-68kg/ni. The lower boundary of BMI for males (11 kg/nil found in this study was lower than that for females (15 kg/nil. The upper boundary of BMI obtained for males (34 kg/nil, again, was lower than that of females (68 kg/nil. The mean BMI obtained for al/ the subjects was 21.13 kglni %4.37). However, the mean BMI for males (20.68 kg/ni %3.57) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that obtained for females (22.28 kg/ni %5.81). Conclusion: From this study it is concluded that the BMI of adult male Hausa-Fulani in northwestern Nigeria is significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of their female counterparts.

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