Chafikhur Rahman

Globalization can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society. This process is the combination of economic, technological, socio-cultural, and political forces. Financial globalization has been one of the most dynamic components of continued globalization experienced by the world in the recent years. Risk management and quantitative approaches play ever-increasingly important roles in financial and insurance sectors. It is expected, the forces that have given birth to this profession will continue to drive it.

Globalization is a newly emerging phenomenon. Education, as a service industry, is part of globalization process under the umbrella of General Agreement on Trade & Services (GATS). Globalization has a wide ranging potential to influence all sectors of development. Besides its impact on the pace and pattern of economic development, it also casts its shadow on the system of education. It is also necessary that while deciding about the fee structure and other student levies, the tendency towards commercialization of education should be guarded against.

Tribes are generally concentrated in heavily forested areas that combine inaccessibility with limited political or economic significance. 100 years back, the economy of most tribes was subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering. Tribal members traded with outsiders for the few necessities they lacked, such as salt and iron. Improved communication, roads with motorized traffic, and more frequent government intention figured in the increased contact that tribal people had with outsiders. Tribe fared best where was little to induce non-tribals to settle; cash crops and commercial highways frequently signaled the dismemberment of the tribes. Merchants have long been a link to the outside world, but in the past, they were generally petty traders, and the contact they had with tribal people was transient. The stigma of the criminal label still follows them to this day. Many laws and regulations in various states prohibit certain communities of people from travelling; others must still register at police stations in the districts they pass through. This close association with authority makes nomadic tribes especially liable to suspicion when crimes actually occur. The percentage of DNTs in custody and under investigation is greatly disproportionate to their population.

The Lalung Tribe resides in the states of Assam and Meghalaya, northeastern India. These tribes are divided into two main sub-divisions: those who live in the hills and those who live on the plains. The difference is due to terrain and ecology. The Lalung Tribe belongs to a race known as the Bodo. Many legends are surrounding the history of the Lalung, making their origin rather uncertain. It is has been said that their ancestors emigrated from Tibet and followed the path of the Brahmaputra River south into the hills of Assam. Later, perhaps during the mid 1600's, they migrated to the plains.

The Tribals are believed to be the original inhabitants of India. It is an anthropological concept. A tribe is generally defined as a social group usually living in a definite area, having a dialect, cultural homogeneity and unified social organisation. The Constitution was written by the founding fathers those were very conscious of the real state of the country – they were aware of the people who form Scheduled Caste (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Backward Classes and the social problems associated with them. That is why they included special provisions for the rights of these groups. The Constitution laid down guidelines, which the State must follow in regard to these backward groups. In Article 46, the Constitution has said that the State shall protect SCs, STs and provide means for their development and has laid down means for doing so. In the Rajiv Gandhi Era, the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments changed the government tier from central-state-district-block to bring about a radical change by having Panchayats at three levels: Village Level Panchayat, Block Level Panchayat and District Level Panchayat to have elected representatives. In some states they have come into being, but in some other states they have not.

The Lalung Tribe resides in the states of Assam and Meghalaya, north-eastern India. These tribes are divided into two main sub-divisions: those who live in the hills and those who live on the plains. The difference is due to terrain and ecology. The Lalung Tribe belongs to a race known as the Bodo. Many legends are surrounding the history of the Lalung, making their origin rather uncertain. It is has been said that their ancestors emigrated from Tibet and followed the path of the Brahmaputra River south into the hills of Assam. Later, perhaps during the mid 1600's, they migrated to the plains.
Proper understanding of this Plain tribe communities of Sonapur continuous dedicated field work, guidance, adoption of bottom up strategy with total transparency, participatory management and genuine empowerment of local tribal groups are essential for making as partners in the development and to reduce the difference relating to socio-economic condition.
The analysis points out that to reduce the intensity of problems associated with the improvement of living conditions of Lalung People of Sonapur area, the government should focus special attention to the creation of more extent of basic infrastructure facilities on a priority basis in the interior villages where the Lalung tribes generally reside.
There is needed to take cognizance of the traditional values and practices of respective tribes while formulating special schemes for the development of PTGs and Plain tribes.

In this present study, an attempt is made to explain the relationship between Women and NGOs, SHGs, Self-Employment, Social Development, Economic Development and Micro Finance. It is no doubt true that micro finance has phenomenal growth in recent year in Assam, it is happening due to play better role by NGOs and SHGs, where a large number of women members are engaged. Women have higher unemployment then men. So women are engaged in NGOs & SHGs and thus they selfemployed. While developmental NGOs vary greatly in size and helping people and benefiting society. International and national NGOs support large-scale activities ranging from social welfare to environmental and political advocacy. NGOs at the local level provide services that include commodity organization, health, education, welfare support, small financial intermediation and environmental production NGOs help to improve people live through skills training and other livelihood programs NGOs prepare and implemented developmental projects and work to strengthen local institutional capabilities and promote community self reliance. NGOs funding comes through donations, government assistance and a variety of other same. Now, more than 700 SHGs of Dimoria are able to provide loans to others as the Banks. So, SHGs of Dimoria are known as Mini Bank.

The economy of Assam is predominately rural and agriculture is the most dominant acting in the rural economy. But somehow some small scale industries, large scale industries or tiny industries have risen for providing employment to the rural or urban people. Access to basic needs of the poor the Bricks industries of Bilasipara town is one of the bigger challenges faced by the poor women for their socio economic development. Women labour plays a critical role in bringing the Bricks Industries as a rising industries of Bilasipara town. These industries service within the reach of the underserved and the poor women who are otherwise excluded from
the mainstream financial sector to be a powerful in fight against unemployment and poverty.

In this paper, an attempt is made to explain the relationship between Women and NGOs, SHGs, Self-Employment, Social Development, Economic Development and Micro Finance. It is no doubt true that micro finance has phenomenal growth in recent year in Assam, it is happening due to play better role by NGOs and SHGs, where a large number of women members are engaged. Women have higher unemployment then men. So women are engaged in NGOs & SHGs and thus they self-employed. While developmental NGOs vary greatly in size and helping people and benefiting society. International and  national NGOs support large-scale activities ranging from social welfare to environmental and political advocacy. NGOs at the local level provide services that include commodity  rganization, health, education, welfare support, small financial intermediation and environmental production NGOs help to improve people live through skills training and other livelihood programs NGOs prepare and implemented developmental projects and work to strengthen local institutional capabilities and promote community self reliance. NGOs funding comes through donations, government assistance and a variety of other same. Now, more than 700 SHGs of Dimoria are able to provide loans to others as the Banks. So, SHGs of Dimoria are known as Mini Bank.

Tribes are generally concentrated in heavily forested areas that combine inaccessibility with limited political or economic significance. 100 years back, the economy of most tribes was subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering. Tribal members traded with outsiders for the few necessities they lacked, such as salt and iron. Improved communication, roads with motorized traffic, and more frequent government intention figured in the increased contact that tribal people had with outsiders. Tribe fared best where was little to induce non-tribals to settle; cash crops and commercial highways frequently signaled the dismemberment of the tribes. Merchants have long been a link to the outside world, but in the past, they were generally petty traders, and the contact they had with tribal people was transient. The stigma of the criminal label still follows them to this day. Many laws and regulations in various states prohibit certain communities of people from travelling; others must still register at police stations in the districts they pass through. This close association with authority makes nomadic tribes especially liable to suspicion when crimes actually occur. The percentage of DNTs in custody and under investigation is greatly disproportionate to their population.

Globalization is a newly emerging phenomenon. Education, as a service industry, is part of globalization process under the umbrella of General Agreement on Trade & Services (GATS). Globalization has a wide ranging potential to influence all sectors of development. Besides its impact on the pace and pattern of economic development, it also casts its shadow on the system of education. It is also necessary that while deciding about the fee structure and other student levies, the tendency towards commercialization of education should be guarded against.

Globalization can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society. This process is the combination of economic, technological, socio-cultural, and political forces. Financial globalization has been one of the most dynamic components of continued globalization experienced by the world in the recent years. Risk management and quantitative approaches play ever-increasingly important roles in financial and insurance sectors. It is expected, the forces that have given birth to this profession will continue to drive it.

Globalization is the buzzword that has come to dominate the world since the nineties of the last century with the end of the cold war and the breakup of the former Soviet Union. Indian agriculture is benefited substantially from whatever little globalization has been allowed. Agriculture has undergone a change due to government policy. So far Globalization is positive for Indian economy. Barring agriculture rest of the sectors were benefited. Now, since the value of the rupee is becoming stronger against other currencies, particularly dollar, we have to be very quick in adoption of new technologies to keep the cost in control and produce in volume to capture large chunks of the different markets.

The Tribals are believed to be the original inhabitants of India.  It is an anthropological concept. A tribe is generally defined as a social group usually living in a definite area, having a dialect, cultural homogeneity and unified social organisation.
The Constitution was written by the founding fathers those were very conscious of the real state of the country – they were aware of the people who form Scheduled Caste (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Backward Classes and the social problems associated with them. That is why they included special provisions for the rights of these groups. The Constitution laid down guidelines, which the State must follow in regard to these backward groups. In Article 46, the Constitution has said that the State shall protect SCs, STs and provide means for their development and has laid down means for doing so.
In the Rajiv Gandhi Era, the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments changed the government tier from central-state-district-block to bring about a radical change by having Panchayats at three levels: Village Level Panchayat, Block Level Panchayat and District Level Panchayat to have elected representatives. In some states they have come into being, but in some other states they have not.