The aim of this study is to analyze the world's future energy supply, in general, and cost-ef... more The aim of this study is to analyze the world's future energy supply, in general, and cost-effective fuel choices in the transportation sector, in particular, under stringent CO 2 abatement targets. The analysis is carried out with the help of a global energy systems model GET-R 1.0, developed specifically for this project. It is a linear programming model and it has three end-use sectors: electricity, heat and transportation fuel. It is set up to generate the energy supply mix that would meet exogenously given energy demands at the lowest global energy system cost. We have chosen an upper limit on CO 2 emissions corresponding to an atmospheric CO 2 concentration target of 400 ppm, by the year 2100. We find that it is cost-effective to carry out the transition from gasoline/diesel in the middle of the century and that hydrogen becomes the most cost-efficient fuel in the long run. Within the electricity production sector all renewable energy sources show a pattern of increasing c...
The transportation of goods and people is at the heart of the industrial society. Yet transportat... more The transportation of goods and people is at the heart of the industrial society. Yet transportation relies heavily upon oil – a scarce fossil fuel that contributes to climate change and local air pollution. The term ‘electromobility’ refers to an alternative transportation system based on vehicles propelled by electricity. Electromobility is increasingly seen as favourable in that it could circumvent problems related to both oil and biofuels whilst meeting our mobility needs and desires. However, the virtue of electromobility is not uncontested and a range of issues come to the fore. Are electric vehicles energy efficient? Are they safe? How much greenhouse gas is emitted in the production of electricity and advanced vehicle components? Will battery production lead to new resource problems? Will electromobility promote or hinder the diffusion of renewable energy? Will driving patterns shape or be shaped by new types of vehicles? Is electromobility suitable for cars but not freight ...
The aim of this study is to analyze the world's future energy supply, in general, and cost-ef... more The aim of this study is to analyze the world's future energy supply, in general, and cost-effective fuel choices in the transportation sector, in particular, under stringent CO 2 abatement targets. The analysis is carried out with the help of a global energy systems model GET-R 1.0, developed specifically for this project. It is a linear programming model and it has three end-use sectors: electricity, heat and transportation fuel. It is set up to generate the energy supply mix that would meet exogenously given energy demands at the lowest global energy system cost. We have chosen an upper limit on CO 2 emissions corresponding to an atmospheric CO 2 concentration target of 400 ppm, by the year 2100. We find that it is cost-effective to carry out the transition from gasoline/diesel in the middle of the century and that hydrogen becomes the most cost-efficient fuel in the long run. Within the electricity production sector all renewable energy sources show a pattern of increasing c...
The transportation of goods and people is at the heart of the industrial society. Yet transportat... more The transportation of goods and people is at the heart of the industrial society. Yet transportation relies heavily upon oil – a scarce fossil fuel that contributes to climate change and local air pollution. The term ‘electromobility’ refers to an alternative transportation system based on vehicles propelled by electricity. Electromobility is increasingly seen as favourable in that it could circumvent problems related to both oil and biofuels whilst meeting our mobility needs and desires. However, the virtue of electromobility is not uncontested and a range of issues come to the fore. Are electric vehicles energy efficient? Are they safe? How much greenhouse gas is emitted in the production of electricity and advanced vehicle components? Will battery production lead to new resource problems? Will electromobility promote or hinder the diffusion of renewable energy? Will driving patterns shape or be shaped by new types of vehicles? Is electromobility suitable for cars but not freight ...
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Papers by Maria Grahn