Catherine Andrews
Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Division de Historia, Department Member
- Constitutional History, Mexican Political History, Regional History of Tamaulipas and North Eastern Mexico, Mexico History, 19th Century (History), 19th Century Mexican History, and 8 morePolitical History, History of Conservatism, Mexican History, Mexican Studies, Liberalism and Republicanism, 19th Century Mexico, Mexico, and Freemasonryedit
- Catherine Andrews obtained her Ph.D. in Mexican History at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland in 2001. Her princ... moreCatherine Andrews obtained her Ph.D. in Mexican History at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland in 2001. Her principal line of research is Mexican constitutional history. She is the author of De Cádiz a Querétaro. Historiografía y bibliografía del constitucionalismo mexicano (CIDE/Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017); Entre la espada y la constitución. El general Anastasio Bustamante (1780-1853) (Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, 2008); and (in coauthorship with Jesús Hernández Jaimes), Del Nuevo Santander a Tamaulipas. Génesis y construcción de un estado periférico en México, 1770-1825 (Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas/Conacyt, 2012). She is Professor in the History Division of the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE) in Mexico City.
Catherine Andrews es doctora en Historia de México por la Universidad de St. Andrews, Escocia. Su línea principal de investigación es la historia constitucional del Estado mexicano en el siglo XIX. Es autora de los siguientes libros, De Cádiz a Querétaro. Historiografía y bibliografía del constitucionalismo mexicano (CIDE/Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017); Entre la espada y la constitución. El general Anastasio Bustamante (1780-1853) (Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, 2008); y (en co autoría con Jesús Hernández Jaimes), Del Nuevo Santander a Tamaulipas. Génesis y construcción de un estado periférico en México, 1770-1825 (Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas/Conacyt, 2012). Actualmente desempeña como profesora titular en la División de Historia del Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), México, D. F.edit
n este libro Catherine Andrews narra la construcción del primer constitucionalismo mexicano a partir de los planes y proyectos de sus edificadores. Sobre todo, analiza la Constitución Federal (1824) y las Siete Leyes (1836) como productos... more
n este libro Catherine Andrews narra la construcción del primer constitucionalismo mexicano a partir de los planes y proyectos de sus edificadores. Sobre todo, analiza la Constitución Federal (1824) y las Siete Leyes (1836) como productos del debate constitucional desarrollado durante el primer Imperio (1821-1823). El libro se sitúa entre dos corrientes historiográficas: por un lado la historia constitucional de corte político que analiza la recepción y adaptación de los fundamentos políticos del liberalismo en México a partir de 1821; y, por otro, la historia constitucional de corte jurídico, que insiste en analizar la historia del siglo XIX como un periodo de una larga transición entre un orden antiguo fundamentado en la revelación, el derecho natural y la jurisdicción variada, hacia el orden moderno erigido alrededor de la jurisdicción única emanada de una constitución entendida como norma suprema. De este modo, ofrece una perspectiva novedosa sobre los orígenes del constitucionalismo mexicano y sus aportes al constitucionalismo moderno occidental.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Desde la historia de las ideas políticas y constitucionales, este texto aborda los procesos que devinieron en los distintos textos constitucionales, desde la experiencia de Cádiz hasta el Congreso Constituyente de 1916-17. Señala algunos... more
Desde la historia de las ideas políticas y constitucionales, este texto aborda los procesos que devinieron en los distintos textos constitucionales, desde la experiencia de Cádiz hasta el Congreso Constituyente de 1916-17. Señala algunos de los principales debates que marcaron el sentido de las discusiones y de la organización constitucional: la polémica entre federalismo y centralismo, y entre república y monarquía, así como la ponderación de la división de poderes característica de los primeros constituyentes. En esta historiografía constitucional se abordan también temas de espectro amplio como la ciudadanía, la religión, el sistema electoral, las disputas por el bicamaralismo, el presidencialismo, además de temas especializadas, como el constitucionalismo social de 1917 y el juicio de amparo.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A manual for undergraduate History students which explains how to use and present footnotes and bibliography in an academic paper.
Research Interests:
This article analyzes historiographical discussions relating to the reception and interpretation of the 1812 Spanish Constitution—the Constitution of Cádiz—in Spanish America, with a particular focus on the debates around the influence of... more
This article analyzes historiographical discussions relating to the reception and interpretation of the 1812 Spanish Constitution—the Constitution of Cádiz—in Spanish America, with a particular focus on the debates around the influence of Cádiz in Mexico after 1821. It argues that Jaime E. Rodríguez O. formed part of revisionist group of scholars who challenged early nationalist narratives surrounding independence and political ideologies in Mexico and Spanish America. This revisionist history argued that liberalism grew domestically in this region as part of the Spanish Enlightenment and exhibited more democratic sensibilities than its US or European counterparts. The article shows how this interpretation has been questioned by Latin American and postcolonial scholars in recent decades, who insist that nineteenth-century liberalism was undemocratic and exclusionary in all of its forms. It concludes by discussing the possible new paths that historiography could adopt in its study of political ideas in nineteenth-century Mexico.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
When Mexico gained its independence in 1821, one of its newly autonomous political class's most pressing concerns was the drawing up of a constitution that would create an orderly political state, first for the Empire (1821-1823) and then... more
When Mexico gained its independence in 1821, one of its newly autonomous political class's most pressing concerns was the drawing up of a constitution that would create an orderly political state, first for the Empire (1821-1823) and then the Republic. A Constituent Congress was elected in 1821, but soon became mired in conflict with the Emperor-former Royalist Officer Agustín de Iturbide-and was unable to finish writing a constitution. After the Emperor was overthrown, the first Constituent Congress was forced to dissolve itself following a rebellion by provincial governments. A second Constituent Congress was elected at the end of 1823 and promulgated the Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States in October 1824. This Constitution was in force for a little over a decade before being abolished and replaced by the Seven Laws, the Constitution of 1836. Even shorter-lived, the Seven Laws were abolished in 1841.2
Research Interests:
Para la Dra. Josefina Zoraida Vázquez en agradeci miento y admiración * Agradezco a Renata Bautista Mendoza por su apoyo en la recopilación y análisis de los artículos estudiados en este texto.
Research Interests:
Resumen En este artículo se discute el reconocimiento que las primeras constituciones mexicanas dieron a los derechos naturales. Se señala que los mexicanos debatían acerca de dos modelos distintos en esta materia: el modelo liberal y el... more
Resumen En este artículo se discute el reconocimiento que las primeras constituciones mexicanas dieron a los derechos naturales. Se señala que los mexicanos debatían acerca de dos modelos distintos en esta materia: el modelo liberal y el revolucionario iusnaturalista. A menudo, la historiografía del derecho insiste en identificar el origen de esta discusión en el Constituyente de 1842 o bien en el de 1856. En este trabajo se sugiere que las raíces del debate en torno de los derechos estaban presentes en México desde la Independencia en 1821. Palabras clave: derechos naturales, derechos civiles, constitucionalismo mexicano, constitucionalismo estatal.
Research Interests:
Los temas a tratar en este ensayo serán: en primer lugar, la práctica de los referendos en la historia reciente del Reino Unido, prestando particular atención a la forma en la que el referéndum de 2016 amenaza con modificar la doctrina de... more
Los temas a tratar en este ensayo serán: en primer lugar, la práctica de los referendos en la historia reciente del Reino Unido, prestando particular atención a la forma en la que el referéndum de 2016 amenaza con modificar la doctrina de la soberanía parlamentaria. Segundo, en el texto se analizará el intento fracasado de la primera ministra, Theresa May, de iniciar la salida del Reino Unido de la UE mediante el uso de la prerrogativa ejecutiva. De manera complementaria, en seguida se examinarán el impacto del European Union (Withdrawal) Act de 2018 para la inevitable reconfiguración de la relación entre los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo una vez que el Reino Unido deje la UE. Para concluir, en la cuarta parte se discutirá el impacto de estos tres factores en los votos parlamentarios para ratificar el Acuerdo que May negoció con la UE de los primeros meses de 2019, señalando asimismo los efectos del marco constitucional establecido por el Fixed Term Parliament Act de 2011.
Research Interests:
sumario: i. Introduccion: Lucas Alaman y Reflexiones sobre algunas reformas a la Constitucion Federal de la Republica Mexicana. II. Contexto historico de las propuestas constitucionales de Alaman. iii. Las criticas de Alaman a la... more
sumario: i. Introduccion: Lucas Alaman y Reflexiones sobre algunas reformas a la Constitucion Federal de la Republica Mexicana. II. Contexto historico de las propuestas constitucionales de Alaman. iii. Las criticas de Alaman a la Constitucion Federal de 1824. iV. Sobre los origenes del pensamiento constitucional de Alaman en la decada de 1830. V. Propuestas constitucionales de Alaman. Vi. Reflexiones sobre algunas reformas a la Constitucion Federal de la Republica Mexicana, 1835.
Research Interests:
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las principales características de la constitución de las Siete Leyes (1836) y evaluar su impacto en el constitucionalismo mexicano posterior. El consenso de la historiografía es que las Siete... more
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las principales características de la constitución de las Siete Leyes (1836) y evaluar su impacto en el constitucionalismo mexicano posterior. El consenso de la historiografía es que las Siete Leyes fue el primer texto constitucional del grupo político conservador y, por ende, se considera que esta constitución no tuvo impacto en el desarrollo del proyecto liberal que desembocó en la Constitución de 1857. La investigación aquí presentada muestra que esta apreciación es falsa y que las ideas constitucionales de las Siete Leyes influenciaron tanto las Bases Orgánicas y el constitucionalismo conservador posterior, como el constitucionalismo liberal.
Research Interests:
This essay discusses the institutions that constitution-writers in early Independent Mexico established with the aim of protecting constitutional order from abuses by one or more of the powers of government. There were two guiding... more
This essay discusses the institutions that constitution-writers in early Independent Mexico established with the aim of protecting constitutional order from abuses by one or more of the powers of government. There were two guiding principles to these institutions: moderation and conservation. Moderating institutions should act as buffers between Legislative and Executive Powers to prevent either power encroaching onto the prerogatives of the other. Conservative institutions should undo unconstitutional acts and supervise constitutional order. The article shows Mexicans not only experimented with both types of institution, but also reworked them to create a new moderating instance within the Executive Power.
Research Interests:
This article compares the Decreto Constitucional para la libertad de la América Mexicana, published in Apatzingán by the insurgents of New Spain in 1814, with the 1812 Constitution of Cádiz which established a constitutional monarchy in... more
This article compares the Decreto Constitucional para la libertad de la América Mexicana, published in Apatzingán by the insurgents of New Spain in 1814, with the 1812 Constitution of Cádiz which established a constitutional monarchy in the Spanish Empire. It argues that the Decreto Constitucional cannot be understood as simply a product of Hispanic political thought and a reflection of the Cádiz text. Rather, it contends that the decree published in Apatzingán represents an alternative republican response to the dissolution of the Spanish monarchy. This alternate constitutional settlement drew on the debate of constitutional ideas that had taken place in New Spain since 1808 and was grounded in many of the same ideas as those present in the Pennsylvanian Constitution of 1776 and the first French republican constitutions of 1793 and 1795.
Research Interests:
This article examines the division of powers established in a number of constitutional projects presented during Mexico’s first Empire (1821-1823). The essay rejects the idea, present in much recent historiography, that constitutional... more
This article examines the division of powers established in a number of constitutional projects presented during Mexico’s first Empire (1821-1823). The essay rejects the idea, present in much recent historiography, that constitutional debate in Mexico was exclusively shaped by the experience of Spanish government. Instead it argues that the Empire´s politicians drew on a wide range of theories, ideas and examples from other constitutional systems.
Research Interests:
El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer un folleto poco conocido en la historia política mexicana. Se trata de Reflexiones sobre algunas reformas a la Constitución Federal de la República Mexicana, publicado en la ciudad de México... more
El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer un folleto poco conocido en la historia política mexicana. Se trata de Reflexiones sobre algunas reformas a la Constitución Federal de la República Mexicana, publicado en la ciudad de México en 1835 durante los debates acerca del futuro de la carta federal de 1824. El panfleto apareció sin firma, aunque en el prefacio indica que se trata de la reedición de una serie de ensayos publicado en el periódico Registro Oficial del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en 1830. Las investigaciones que hemos realizado demuestran que el autor es el editor del periódico y ministro de Relaciones del gobierno del vicepresidente Anastasio Bustamante (1830-1832), Lucas Alamán.
Research Interests:
Resumen Este trabajo analiza el papel de la religión y la Iglesia Católica en el pensamiento constitucional mexicano durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. La hipótesis principal es que los pensadores políticos del México independiente... more
Resumen Este trabajo analiza el papel de la religión y la Iglesia Católica en el pensamiento constitucional mexicano durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. La hipótesis principal es que los pensadores políticos del México independiente consideraron que la promoción de la ...
Research Interests:
El propósito de este ensayo es discutir la propuesta de ley constitucional que elaboró el cubano Antonio J. Valdés, diputado por Guadalajara en el Congreso Constituyente del Imperio Mexicano de 1822 e integrante importante de la comisión... more
El propósito de este ensayo es discutir la propuesta de ley constitucional que elaboró el cubano Antonio J. Valdés, diputado por Guadalajara en el Congreso Constituyente del Imperio Mexicano de 1822 e integrante importante de la comisión de constitución de esta misma legislatura. A pesar de que la existencia de este proyecto es bien conocida y el texto ha sido reproducido en varias recopilaciones de constituciones tanto en México como Europa,hasta el momento no ha sido estudiado con detalle. Este artículo examina las ideas políticas que presenta Valdés en dicho proyecto constitucional e identifica el sustento teórico en el que lo construyó.
Research Interests:
This paper will analyse Lucas Alamán’s proposals for the reform of the 1824 Mexican Constitution in the 1830s. It will argue that, contrary to the interpretations of many historians, during these years he did not advocate the adoption of... more
This paper will analyse Lucas Alamán’s proposals for the reform of the 1824 Mexican Constitution in the 1830s. It will argue that, contrary to the interpretations of many historians, during these years he did not advocate the adoption of a centralist system, or the abolition of representative government. Instead, it will show that Alamán’s real interest lay in promoting radical changes in the distribution of power between the three branches of government. Through a close examination of his ideas, it will suggest that Alamán did not favour the adoption of the US checks and balances system, nor the division of powers established in the 1812 Spanish Constitution. Rather, Alamán wished to see Mexico adopt a version of the British balanced constitution.
Key Words: Lucas Alamán, reform, 1824 Mexican Constitution, balanced constitution, separation of powers
Key Words: Lucas Alamán, reform, 1824 Mexican Constitution, balanced constitution, separation of powers
Research Interests:
This article analyses the 1830 public debate, held in the newspapers of Mexico City, over the possibility of reforming the 1824 Federal Constitution. It examines the different projects and plans for constitutional change presented by... more
This article analyses the 1830 public debate, held in the newspapers of Mexico City, over the possibility of reforming the 1824 Federal Constitution. It examines the different projects and plans for constitutional change presented by various state legislatures and by the editorials of the capital’s principal newspapers. The paper suggests that many of the important constitutional innovations later established by the 1836 Constitution, such as the introduction of a restricted suffrage and the creation of a fourth governing power, were already being discussed in 1830. It also maintains that these reforms follow liberal constitutional philosophy. As a result, it concludes that the ideologues of the Bustamante government, and, for the same reasons, the architects of the 1836 constitution, cannot be considered conservatives in the way that Mexican historiography has traditionally portrayed them.
Research Interests:
This paper investigates a planned rebellion in favour of Agustín de Iturbide organised by a group of his supporters in Guadalajara, Jalisco, in 1824. It shows that the rebels in Guadalajara were in close communication with a second cadre... more
This paper investigates a planned rebellion in favour of Agustín de Iturbide organised by a group of his supporters in Guadalajara, Jalisco, in 1824. It shows that the rebels in Guadalajara were in close communication with a second cadre of conspirators in Mexico City. By examining the various plans drawn up by the rebels, the article demonstrates the existence of two separate and apparently contradictory aims for the rebellion: the return of Iturbide and the defence of federalism. The question posed by the paper is: does this discovery indicate a coalition between federalists and iturbidistas against the central government in Mexico City?
KEYWORDS: Iturbide, Guadalajara, Calle de Celaya, rebellion, federalism, Spaniards.
KEYWORDS: Iturbide, Guadalajara, Calle de Celaya, rebellion, federalism, Spaniards.
Research Interests:
This paper argues that the political group which oversaw the abolition of the 1824 Federal Constitution and its replacement with the 1836 Constitution originally campaigned against abolition. It shows that this political group preferred... more
This paper argues that the political group which oversaw the abolition of the 1824 Federal Constitution and its replacement with the 1836 Constitution originally campaigned against abolition. It shows that this political group preferred the option of reforming the existing constitution, but that external pressures obliged them to adopt the idea of establishing a new constitution.
Research Interests:
This paper demostrates that the constitutional proposals discussed in Mexico in 1835 and adopted in the 1836 Constitution often called the Siete Leyes, can be traced back to the political debates of 1830.
Research Interests:
This paper argues that the traditional division of political opinions between Conservatives and Liberals in the first Mexican Federal Republic is misleading and anachronic. Instead it tries to show how all the different political factions... more
This paper argues that the traditional division of political opinions between Conservatives and Liberals in the first Mexican Federal Republic is misleading and anachronic. Instead it tries to show how all the different political factions and groups adopted both liberal and conservative ideas in their proposals.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This essay examines the contribution of British constitutionalism to a number of constitutional projects that were discussed during the first two decades of Independence. It argues that the ideas of the balanced constitution influenced at... more
This essay examines the contribution of British constitutionalism to a number of constitutional projects that were discussed during the first two decades of Independence. It argues that the ideas of the balanced constitution influenced at least three constitutional projects during this period, despite the fact that these doctrines were not commonly accepted. At the same time it demonstrates how politicians like Servando Teresa de Mier and Lucas Alamán, who distrusted the philosophical ideas behind the French revolution, saw an alternative model in the British custom based Constitution.
Key words: Balanced Constitution, Independent Mexico, Federal Constitution (1824), Las Siete Leyes (1836), Constitutional Reform.
Key words: Balanced Constitution, Independent Mexico, Federal Constitution (1824), Las Siete Leyes (1836), Constitutional Reform.
Research Interests:
This paper analyses the role of religion and the Catholic Church in Mexican constitutional thought in the first half of the nineteenth-century. Its principal hypothesis is that Independent Mexico’s political thinkers considered the... more
This paper analyses the role of religion and the Catholic Church in Mexican constitutional thought in the first half of the nineteenth-century. Its principal hypothesis is that Independent Mexico’s political thinkers considered the promotion of the Catholic faith was necessary to ensure successful government and social order. In accordance with this idea, it argues that the debates which raged in the 1820s and 1830s over the questions of patronage and church property cannot be understood in terms of a confrontation between liberal and conservative ideas as has generally been the case in Mexican historiography. Rather, it contends that the division of opinion amongst the political elites on this matter was grounded in the debates that took place in eighteenth-century Spain in order to define the correct relationship between the Crown and the Church.
Research Interests:
This paper analyses the different projects the Spanish crown drew up to re-conquer Mexico during the 1820s and the Mexican government’s response to them. It looks at Isidro Barrada’s 1829 invasion of Tampico in the context of this... more
This paper analyses the different projects the Spanish crown drew up to re-conquer Mexico during the 1820s and the Mexican government’s response to them. It looks at Isidro Barrada’s 1829 invasion of Tampico in the context of this discussion and concludes that his failure to heed the warnings and advice of his peers contributed to his defeat.