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Authors: Li, Wen-Xing | Dai, Shao-Xing | Liu, Jia-Qian | Wang, Qian | Li, Gong-Hua | Huang, Jing-Fei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are both accompanied by impaired learning and memory functions. This study aims to explore the expression profiles of learning or memory genes between AD and SZ. We downloaded 10 AD and 10 SZ datasets from GEO-NCBI for integrated analysis. These datasets were processed using RMA algorithm and a global renormalization for all studies. Then Empirical Bayes algorithm was used to find the differentially expressed genes between patients and controls. The results showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were related to AD whereas the gene expression profile was little affected in the SZ. …Furthermore, in the aspects of the number of differentially expressed genes, the fold change and the brain region, there was a great difference in the expression of learning or memory related genes between AD and SZ. In AD, the CALB1, GABRA5, and TAC1 were significantly downregulated in whole brain, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and hippocampus. However, in SZ, only two genes CRHBP and CX3CR1 were downregulated in hippocampus, and other brain regions were not affected. The effect of these genes on learning or memory impairment has been widely studied. It was suggested that these genes may play a crucial role in AD or SZ pathogenesis. The different gene expression patterns between AD and SZ on learning and memory functions in different brain regions revealed in our study may help to understand the different mechanism between two diseases. Show more

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, gene expression, learning or memory, schizophrenia

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-150807

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 417-425, 2016

Authors: Wang, Qian | Li, Wen-Xing | Dai, Shao-Xing | Guo, Yi-Cheng | Han, Fei-Fei | Zheng, Jun-Juan | Li, Gong-Hua | Huang, Jing-Fei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Many lines of evidence suggest that Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have common characteristics, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. As the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear, we perform a meta-analysis with 9 microarray datasets of PD studies and 7 of AD studies to explore it. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that PD and AD both showed dysfunction in the synaptic vesicle cycle, GABAergic synapses, phagosomes, oxidative phosphorylation, and TCA cycle pathways, and AD had more enriched genes. Comparing the differentially expressed genes between AD and PD, we identified 54 common genes shared by more than six tissues. …Among them, 31 downregulated genes contained the antioxidant response element (ARE) consensus sequence bound by NRF2. NRF2 is a transcription factor, which protects cells against oxidative stress through coordinated upregulation of ARE-driven genes. To our surprise, although NRF2 was upregulated, its target genes were all downregulated. Further exploration found that MAFF was upregulated in all tissues and significantly negatively correlated with the 31 NRF2-dependent genes in diseased conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated over-expressed small MAFs can form homodimers and act as transcriptional repressors. Therefore, MAFF might play an important role in dysfunction of NRF2 regulatory network in PD and AD. Show more

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, meta-analysis, MAFF, NRF2

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-161032

Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 1525-1539, 2017