Abstract: This paper focuses on data delivery in IP-based VANET with network gaps and aims to improve the data delivery rate and lower the data delivery latency by bypassing network gaps. In order to achieve these objectives, this paper proposes the routing and handover algorithms to achieve data delivery. Based on the proposed routing and handover algorithms, data can be delivered along the shortest path without network gaps and multiple vehicles can achieve handovers via one handover operation. Finally, this proposal is evaluated, and the data results show that the delivery rate is improved and the data delivery latency is reduced.
Keywords: VANET, data delivery, network gap, routing, handover
Abstract: In wireless networks, the handover in the network layer (L3) is usually initiated after the handover in the link layer (L2) is complete, so the total handover delay is equal to the sum of the L2 handover delay and the L3 handover delay. In order to reduce the total handover delay, this paper studies the correlations between the L2 messages and L3 ones, and proposes a cross-layering handover scheme. The main idea behind this scheme is to effectively combine the related messages in L2 and L3 and achieve the L3 handover with the L2 messages in order to minimize the…effect of the L3 handover delay on the total handover delay. The performance of this scheme is evaluated, and the results show that this scheme effectively reduces the total handover delay.
Show more
Abstract: Technological advancements make the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) become reality so that vehicles can access a variety of multimedia data from the Internet. The IoV is a multi-hop network and employs the Internet protocol to acquire multimedia data from the Internet. Since the size of multimedia data is large, it is extremely significant to reduce the data acquisition latency in the IoV. In this paper, we focus on the data acquisition issue in the multi-hop IoV and propose a new data acquisition solution to reduce the data acquisition latency. The main idea of our solution is to employ the single-hop…k -anycast model to achieve the data acquisition in the multi-hop IoV. To make the idea work, we propose a multi-address mechanism in order to acquire different data chunks from different optimal k -anycast servers in parallel. The data acquisition latency is quantitatively evaluated. According to the experimental results, our solution substantially reduces the data acquisition latency compared with the existing approach.
Show more
Keywords: Internet of vehicles, multi-hop, k-anycast, data acquisition, multi-address
Abstract: Punishment promotes cooperation among selfish agents. Unlike previous studies, we propose a new supervision (heterogeneous preference supervision, HPS) mechanism based on the original random supervision (ORS) mechanism considering regulators’ limited supervision ability and agents’ heterogeneous preferences. The concepts of exemption list capacity, observation period, and removal time are introduced as the variables under the HPS mechanism. A public goods game model is built to verify the supervision effects under the ORS and HPS mechanisms. The simulation results show that the HPS mechanism can promote cooperation more than the ORS mechanism. Increasing the exemption list capacity can make regulators pay more…attention to defectors and improve the cooperation level. Setting a relatively moderate observation period benefits a better supervision effect, while a too-small or too-large observation period leads to the collapse of cooperation. Shortening the removal time can increase the updating speed of the exemption list and enhance the role of the exemption list, resulting in improving the fraction of cooperators.
Show more
Keywords: Public goods game, supervision mechanism, supervision ability, heterogeneous preference, exemption list
Abstract: Background: Depression is one of the most common symptoms in patients with dementia. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of light therapy on depression associated with dementia by using a single scale. Methods: Published studies based on the terms including “Dementia”, “depression”, and “Phototherapy” were searched. Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CiNii, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and China Biology Medicine disc were adopted to collect randomized controlled studies or cross-controlled studies using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) until February 2022. GRADE and Review Manager Version 5.4.1 were employed to assess the risk of bias. A meta-analysis…was conducted by R 4.0.2 software based on the changes in CSDD scores. Results: A total of 1,055 studies were retrieved from the databases, and six studies were included after screening. Some 406 people with dementia were included with an average age of over 80 years. Forest plot results showed that light intervention improved depression scores of dementia patients (MD = –2.59, 95% CI: –4.46 to –0.71), and light intensity less than 1,000 lux improved depression symptoms of dementia patients (MD = –2.76, 95% CI: –4.55 to –0.97). An intervention that lasted 8 to 12 weeks was the most effective (MD = –3.77, 95% CI: –6.93 to –0.60), and non-stable interventions such as ceiling LED lights exerted more positive effects (MD = –2.12, 95% CI: –3.38 to –0.85). Conclusion: The overall results of the meta-analysis suggested that light intervention can improve the depressive symptoms of older patients with dementia.
Show more
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, cornell scale for depression in dementia, dementia, depression, light therapy, older patients
Abstract: Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are derived from proteolytic cleavage of amyloid-β protein precursor and can impair memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo and in vitro. They are recognized as the primary neurotoxic agents in Alzheimer's disease. Pyruvate has a protective effect against Aβ-induced neuronal cell death in hippocampal slice cultures. However, whether pyruvate also has a protective effect against the inhibition of neuronal plasticity induced by Aβ remains to be elucidated. This study examined the effect of pyruvate on the Aβ-induced inhibition of LTP in the rat hippocampus. We found that pyruvate prevented the Aβ-induced inhibition of LTP as…strong as fostriecin, a specific protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor. Pyruvate prevented the Aβ block of Ca2+ /calmodulin dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMK2) autophosphorylation and the Aβ-induced PP2A activation. Pyruvate, but not lactate, decreased reactive oxygen species levels in CA1 slices exposed to Aβ. We propose that pyruvate could prevent the Aβ-induced inhibition of LTP by the re-autophosphorylation of CaMK2 through PP2A inactivation. The reduction of reactive oxygen species production is considered to be the upstream mechanism of this observed pyruvate protection.
Show more
Keywords: Amyloid-β oligomer, calmodulin dependent protein kinase 2, long-term potentiation, protein phosphatase 2A, pyruvate, reactive oxygen species
Abstract: Background: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are neuropsychological tests commonly used by physicians for screening cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to different imperfect reference standards, the performance of MoCA and MMSE do not reach consensus. It is necessary to evaluate the consistence and differentiation of MoCA and MMSE in the absence of a gold standard for AD. Objective: We aimed to assess the accuracy of MoCA and MMSE in screening AD without a gold standard reference test. Methods: Studies were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Chinese Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology…Journal Database, and Cochrane Library. Our search was limited to studies published in English and Chinese before August 2021. A hierarchical Bayesian latent class model was performed in meta-analysis when the gold standard was absent. Results: A total of 67 studies comprising 5,554 individuals evaluated for MoCA and 76,862 for MMSE were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 0.934 (95% CI 0.905 to 0.954) for MoCA and 0.883 (95% CI 0.859 to 0.903) for MMSE, while the pooled specificity was 0.899 (95% CI 0.859 to 0.928) for MoCA and 0.903 (95% CI 0.879 to 0.923) for MMSE. MoCA was useful to rule out dementia associated with AD with lower negative likelihood ratio (LR-) (0.074, 95% CI 0.051 to 0.108). MoCA showed better performance with higher diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) (124.903, 95% CI 67.459 to 231.260). Conclusion: MoCA had better performance than MMSE in screening dementia associated with AD from patients with mild cognitive impairment or healthy controls.
Show more
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, meta-analysis, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, sensitivity, specificity
Abstract: BACKGROUND: ARHGDIB, a Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor protein, has been reported playing critical roles in regulation of multiple biological responses. However, whether ARHGDIB serves as a valuable biomarker in cancer is little known so far, especially in breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the importance of ARHGDIB in breast cancer, including but not limited to biomarker-like role, as well as potential mechanisms. METHODS: Total 100 breast cancer samples and 100 benign breast disease samples were enrolled and underwent detailed pathological assessment and IHC analysis. Human breast cancer cell lines and epithelial cell line were subjected to…siRNA-mediated knock-down, RT-qPCR, western blot, MTT staining, cell cycle assay, transwell analysis respectively. RESULTS: We observed the expression of ARHGDIB is significantly higher in human breast cancer tissues compared with the benign tissues. ARHGDIB expression was positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in breast cancer patients. Moreover, ARHGDIB depletion decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we found ARHGDIB mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and MMP2 is the key downstream effector of ARHGDIB. CONCLUSIONS: Hence, our results suggested the significance and predictive role of ARHGDIB in breast cancer. High expression of ARHGDIB indicated the poor prognosis for breast cancer patients.
Show more
Keywords: ARHGDIB, biomarker, breast cancer, EMT, prognosis
