The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of natural zeolite, consisting mainly of cli... more The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of natural zeolite, consisting mainly of clinoptilolite and mordenite, as a feed additive on the water consumption and some carcass characteristics of the broilers. One day–old, 240 sexed Ross broiler chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery were divided into 4 treatment groups of 60 birds each. Four experimental diets were tested with four levels of zeolite (0, 1, 3, and 5 percent) with completely randomized design with 3 replicates and 20 chicks per replicate and stocked with 14 birds/m2. The useage of various levels Ca-zeolite in diets did not have any significant effect on water consumption, water/feed (mL/g) ratio during the six-week trial and some carcass characteristics (Live, Cold carcas, Drum stick, Breast, Wings, Back, Neck, Edible giblets weights) in two sexes and mixed sex between the groups at 21 and 42 days of age (P>0.05). Feed consumption did not differ significantly between the groups in 6 weeks (P>0.05), but there are differences between the groups from 2 weeks to 5 weeks (P<0.05). Zeolit addition did not affect negatively viabilities in each group (95.55, 100.00, 100.00 ve 100.00) (P>0.05). As a conclusion, the values obtained by the addition of Ca-zeolite to broiler diets were generally in acceptable scale.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of differing amounts of natural Ca-zeolite on... more This study was conducted to investigate the effects of differing amounts of natural Ca-zeolite on bone and some blood parameters. A total of 240 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to four treatments with three replicates, each containing 20 day-old chicks of mixed sex. Clinoptilolite+mordenite type of zeolite was added in the broiler diets at levels of 0 g/kg, 10 g/kg, 30 g/kg, and 50 g/kg. Broilers stocking density were 14 broilers/m2. During the six-week trial, some blood parameters and bone characteristics were monitored. Inclusion of Ca-zeolite at various levels did not have any significant effect on some blood serum biochemical parameters (serum glucose, cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, concentrations of Ca, P, Na, K, Cl) and tibial bone characteristics (tibia weight, ash, volume, specific gravity, and Ca and P contents) in two sexes and mixed sex between the groups at 21 and 42 days of age.
The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of natural zeolite, consisting mainly of cli... more The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of natural zeolite, consisting mainly of clinoptilolite and mordenite, as a component of the litter material in broiler houses on the performance of the broilers and on some litter characteristics. Live weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, viability and leg and body abnormalities of broilers, and litter moisture content were measured during a six-week experimental period. A broiler house was divided into 12 sections using 1 m high duralite partitions that prevented air exchange between sections and stocked with 15 birds/m2. Natural zeolite was added to wood shavings at levels of 0% (control), 25%, 50% and 75% of total litter volume. Litter thickness was 5 cm in all groups. The addition of zeolite at all levels improved broiler performance significantly above the control. At the end of the six-week trial zeolite did not affect feed consumption significantly, (g), 3547, 3381, 3472 and 3421, but resulted in higher live weights of the broilers of from 1935 g in the control to 1970, 1996 and 1978 g for the respective zeolite treatments. Consequently, feed efficiency improved significantly from 1.83 g feed/g gain in the control to 1.71, 1.74 and 1.73 g feed/g gain in the respective zeolite treatments. No differences between treatments were recorded in vitality or in leg and body abnormalities in the chickens. Litter moisture content decreased from 36.2% in the control to 25.2, 23.6 and 21.8% in the respective zeolite treated litter. It is concluded that the inclusion of zeolitic material to litter positively affected broiler performance, poultry house conditions and litter moisture content. An inclusion rate of up to 25% zeolite is recommended in litter consisting of wood shavings.
Two hundred and forty slow–growing chickens consisting of equal numbers of Hubbard S757 (S757) an... more Two hundred and forty slow–growing chickens consisting of equal numbers of Hubbard S757 (S757) and Hubbard Grey Barred JA (GB–JA) strains were utilized for the investigation in organics system and were used to estimate growth curve in Gompertz and Logistic model. The asymptotic weights for GB–JA and S757 genotype female; male in the Gompertz model were estimated 3725.34 g; 6109.60 g and 4876.10 g; 6496.47 g and same parameter were found in Logistic model 2133.33 g; 2906.35 g and 2790.37 g; 3635.00 g respectively. The Gompertz model was higher estimate than Logistic model for the asymptotic weights parameter. The instantaneous growth rate for GB–JA and S757 genotype female; male in the Gompertz model were estimated 0.1424; 0.1288 and 0.1525; 0.1495 and same parameter values were found in Logistic model 0.3753; 0.3734 and 0.3873; 0.3949 respectively. Significant difference was observed for the instantaneous growth rate parameter between GB–JA and S757 genotypes in each of models. According to the results of goodness of fit in Gompertz and Logistic growth curve models, the coefficient of determination (R2) and adjusted coefficient of determination (adj.R2) were detected above 0.996 in boot models for two genotype broilers. The highest value of R2 and adj.R2 were obtained from the Logistic model in GB–JA. The two models were all fitted the growth curves of slow–growing chicken genotypes in organic system very well, and the fitting degrees R2 were all above 0.998; for the two models; however Logistic model was the best (0.999%).
This study was conducted to compare welfare indicators and some serum biochemical parameters of t... more This study was conducted to compare welfare indicators and some serum biochemical parameters of two different slow–growing genotypes (Hubbard S757; S757 and Hubbard Grey Barred JA; GB–JA) under organic housing system. A total of 240 day-old chicks were allocated randomly into 2 experimental group with 6 replicates and 20 chicks was reared in each replicate. The tonic immobility was a significant difference between genotypes and sex at 10 and 14 weeks, respectively (P<0.05). Overall duration of tonic immobility was similar (P>0.05) in genotypes and sex. The effect of sex was significant for width of tarsometatarsus at the joint with tibiotarsus; males had greater fluctuating and relativite asymmetry than females (P<0.05). There were positively correlations between fluctuating and relative asimetry values of the third phalanx of the mid toe length and the fourth phalanx of the outer toe length from specific feet trait measurements. Serum cholesterol and uric acid had significant differences between genotypes (P<0.01). Cholesterol levels was significantly (P<0.01) higher in male than in female slow-growing broiler. It is concluded that slow-growing genotypes and sex had no effect on measures of welfare, such as the fluctuating asymmetry, relativite asymmetry, tonic immobility and rectal temperatures.
The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of natural zeolite, consisting mainly of cli... more The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of natural zeolite, consisting mainly of clinoptilolite and mordenite, as a feed additive on the water consumption and some carcass characteristics of the broilers. One day–old, 240 sexed Ross broiler chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery were divided into 4 treatment groups of 60 birds each. Four experimental diets were tested with four levels of zeolite (0, 1, 3, and 5 percent) with completely randomized design with 3 replicates and 20 chicks per replicate and stocked with 14 birds/m2. The useage of various levels Ca-zeolite in diets did not have any significant effect on water consumption, water/feed (mL/g) ratio during the six-week trial and some carcass characteristics (Live, Cold carcas, Drum stick, Breast, Wings, Back, Neck, Edible giblets weights) in two sexes and mixed sex between the groups at 21 and 42 days of age (P>0.05). Feed consumption did not differ significantly between the groups in 6 weeks (P>0.05), but there are differences between the groups from 2 weeks to 5 weeks (P<0.05). Zeolit addition did not affect negatively viabilities in each group (95.55, 100.00, 100.00 ve 100.00) (P>0.05). As a conclusion, the values obtained by the addition of Ca-zeolite to broiler diets were generally in acceptable scale.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of differing amounts of natural Ca-zeolite on... more This study was conducted to investigate the effects of differing amounts of natural Ca-zeolite on bone and some blood parameters. A total of 240 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to four treatments with three replicates, each containing 20 day-old chicks of mixed sex. Clinoptilolite+mordenite type of zeolite was added in the broiler diets at levels of 0 g/kg, 10 g/kg, 30 g/kg, and 50 g/kg. Broilers stocking density were 14 broilers/m2. During the six-week trial, some blood parameters and bone characteristics were monitored. Inclusion of Ca-zeolite at various levels did not have any significant effect on some blood serum biochemical parameters (serum glucose, cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, concentrations of Ca, P, Na, K, Cl) and tibial bone characteristics (tibia weight, ash, volume, specific gravity, and Ca and P contents) in two sexes and mixed sex between the groups at 21 and 42 days of age.
The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of natural zeolite, consisting mainly of cli... more The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of natural zeolite, consisting mainly of clinoptilolite and mordenite, as a component of the litter material in broiler houses on the performance of the broilers and on some litter characteristics. Live weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, viability and leg and body abnormalities of broilers, and litter moisture content were measured during a six-week experimental period. A broiler house was divided into 12 sections using 1 m high duralite partitions that prevented air exchange between sections and stocked with 15 birds/m2. Natural zeolite was added to wood shavings at levels of 0% (control), 25%, 50% and 75% of total litter volume. Litter thickness was 5 cm in all groups. The addition of zeolite at all levels improved broiler performance significantly above the control. At the end of the six-week trial zeolite did not affect feed consumption significantly, (g), 3547, 3381, 3472 and 3421, but resulted in higher live weights of the broilers of from 1935 g in the control to 1970, 1996 and 1978 g for the respective zeolite treatments. Consequently, feed efficiency improved significantly from 1.83 g feed/g gain in the control to 1.71, 1.74 and 1.73 g feed/g gain in the respective zeolite treatments. No differences between treatments were recorded in vitality or in leg and body abnormalities in the chickens. Litter moisture content decreased from 36.2% in the control to 25.2, 23.6 and 21.8% in the respective zeolite treated litter. It is concluded that the inclusion of zeolitic material to litter positively affected broiler performance, poultry house conditions and litter moisture content. An inclusion rate of up to 25% zeolite is recommended in litter consisting of wood shavings.
Two hundred and forty slow–growing chickens consisting of equal numbers of Hubbard S757 (S757) an... more Two hundred and forty slow–growing chickens consisting of equal numbers of Hubbard S757 (S757) and Hubbard Grey Barred JA (GB–JA) strains were utilized for the investigation in organics system and were used to estimate growth curve in Gompertz and Logistic model. The asymptotic weights for GB–JA and S757 genotype female; male in the Gompertz model were estimated 3725.34 g; 6109.60 g and 4876.10 g; 6496.47 g and same parameter were found in Logistic model 2133.33 g; 2906.35 g and 2790.37 g; 3635.00 g respectively. The Gompertz model was higher estimate than Logistic model for the asymptotic weights parameter. The instantaneous growth rate for GB–JA and S757 genotype female; male in the Gompertz model were estimated 0.1424; 0.1288 and 0.1525; 0.1495 and same parameter values were found in Logistic model 0.3753; 0.3734 and 0.3873; 0.3949 respectively. Significant difference was observed for the instantaneous growth rate parameter between GB–JA and S757 genotypes in each of models. According to the results of goodness of fit in Gompertz and Logistic growth curve models, the coefficient of determination (R2) and adjusted coefficient of determination (adj.R2) were detected above 0.996 in boot models for two genotype broilers. The highest value of R2 and adj.R2 were obtained from the Logistic model in GB–JA. The two models were all fitted the growth curves of slow–growing chicken genotypes in organic system very well, and the fitting degrees R2 were all above 0.998; for the two models; however Logistic model was the best (0.999%).
This study was conducted to compare welfare indicators and some serum biochemical parameters of t... more This study was conducted to compare welfare indicators and some serum biochemical parameters of two different slow–growing genotypes (Hubbard S757; S757 and Hubbard Grey Barred JA; GB–JA) under organic housing system. A total of 240 day-old chicks were allocated randomly into 2 experimental group with 6 replicates and 20 chicks was reared in each replicate. The tonic immobility was a significant difference between genotypes and sex at 10 and 14 weeks, respectively (P<0.05). Overall duration of tonic immobility was similar (P>0.05) in genotypes and sex. The effect of sex was significant for width of tarsometatarsus at the joint with tibiotarsus; males had greater fluctuating and relativite asymmetry than females (P<0.05). There were positively correlations between fluctuating and relative asimetry values of the third phalanx of the mid toe length and the fourth phalanx of the outer toe length from specific feet trait measurements. Serum cholesterol and uric acid had significant differences between genotypes (P<0.01). Cholesterol levels was significantly (P<0.01) higher in male than in female slow-growing broiler. It is concluded that slow-growing genotypes and sex had no effect on measures of welfare, such as the fluctuating asymmetry, relativite asymmetry, tonic immobility and rectal temperatures.
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