Plant pathology Ph.D. with experience in management of emerging plant diseases, weather based disease prediction model and molecular approach, host-pathogen interactions with different types of microscopical techniques and various other research techniques fulfill 5 years (approx) of research experiences and 1 year of teaching experiences all total at a glance, with collaboration of three different research institutes and one academic institute. Major accomplishments in improving productivity by fostering creative thinking and innovative ideas on the basis of strong knowledge of plant pathological and microbiological aspects. Highly self-motivated, enthusiastic and adaptable, with good oral and written communication skills. Seeking a research scientist / post doctoral researcher position / research associate / assistant professor job with a pioneer research institute / University / scientific organization, in need of collaboration of teaching and research with developmental approaches in plant pathology and plant sciences. Dedicated to the concerned organization for the progress in all the way. Expertise in project or aim based task handling.
Contemporary agriculture relies on advanced technologies to enhance crop productivity.Seed bio-pr... more Contemporary agriculture relies on advanced technologies to enhance crop productivity.Seed bio-priming with plant extracts and microbial agents, not only combats biotic and abiotic stresses effectively but also enhances over all plant growth and development. This integration signifies a novel approach in modern agricultural practices. The incorporation of biological control organisms into seeds may aid in pathogenic control and seedling performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of biopriming cotton seeds with Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Biomix (T. viride +P. fluorescens+ Acetobacter), T. harzianum, T. asperellun, Bacillussubtilis and Control. Seed biopriming treatment with T3-BiomixTrichoderma viride+ P.fluorescens + Acetobacte) was recorded highest germination (65.0%) followed by T5(63%)-T.asperellum, T2(61%)-Pseudomonas fluorescens (SPARSHA-1.0%W P), T6(59%)-Bacillus subtilis and T1(58%/)-T.viride (Niprot-0.50%WP). Enhancement of germination by various biopriming agents ranged from 52-65%.
Sheath blight disease in rice, induced by the necrotrophic basidiomycetes Rhizoctonia solani, has... more Sheath blight disease in rice, induced by the necrotrophic basidiomycetes Rhizoctonia solani, has emerged as a significant menace to global rice cultivation, especially with the widespread adoption of high-yielding varieties. The pathogen's capacity to endure unfavorable conditions and its wide host range contribute to the increased challenge for management. The occurrence of sheath blight in rice is intensified when high-yielding semi-dwarf cultivars are employed, coupled with dense planting and the application of substantial amounts of nitrogenous fertilizers. Managing this pathogen is a formidable challenge due to its broad host range, substantial genetic variability, and the absence of satisfactory levels of natural resistance in the existing rice germplasm. Due to the absence of complete resistance sources, the predominant approach for managing sheath blight has been through chemical control methods. It is imperative to explore solutions to combat this pathogen, in order to reduce rice yield losses and safeguard global food security. Developing genetic resistance provides an alternative to the use of potentially harmful chemical fungicides. This review crucially delivers efforts to enhance the understanding of the host-pathogen relationship, which involves identification of gene loci/markers associated with resistance responses, modification of host genome through transgenic approaches, examining the wide host range, epidemiology and its managemental approaches. Recent advancements and current research on the R. solani-rice pathosystem, along with a gap analysis, are presented.
Rice is one of India's most significant staple foods. Numerous fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nema... more Rice is one of India's most significant staple foods. Numerous fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are among the biotic stressors that are seriously reducing rice yields. Globally, more than 200 species of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) have been reported on rice; among them, Ditylenchus angustus, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Hirschmanniella spp., Heterodera oryzicola, and Meloidogyne graminicola are the major nematode pests. The most significant pest, however, is rice rootknot nematode (M. graminicola), found in most of the world's rice-producing nations. One of the causes of India's declining rice productivity is M. graminicola; it causes 16-32 per cent yield loss in upland (Rao and Biswas, 1973), lowland (Jairajpuri and Baqri, 1991), and irrigated rice (Prot and Matias, 1995). In economic terms also M. graminicola is the most important, causing yield loss of Rs. 23,272.32 million in rice in India (Kumar et al., 2020). Non-chemical methods provide nematode management to a lesser extent than chemical methods and their efficacy mainly depends upon climatic factors. Fluopyram is one of the relatively newer available molecules. It selectively arrests Complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of the nematodes. At the
This study focuses on the development and comprehensive evaluation of a sustained release matrix ... more This study focuses on the development and comprehensive evaluation of a sustained release matrix system for metformin hydrochloride, a widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the release-controlling polymer. The research aimed to optimize a once-daily formulation to enhance patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Various formulations were prepared using different ratios of drug to HPMC (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2) via direct compression method. The optimized formulation (F3, drug:HPMC ratio 1:1.5) was extensively characterized for physicochemical properties, in vitro release profile, and stability under accelerated conditions. Physicochemical characterization, including FTIR spectroscopy and DSC analysis, confirmed the absence of significant drug-polymer interactions. The optimized formulation exhibited desirable swelling behaviour and mechanical strength. In vitro dissolution studies revealed a controlled release profile, with approximately 95.7% of the drug released over 24 hours, following Higuchi kinetics (r² = 0.9924). Stability studies conducted over six months under accelerated conditions (40±2°C, 75±5% RH) demonstrated that the formulation maintained its physical, chemical, and dissolution characteristics, with an f2 similarity factor of 68.5 between initial and 6-month dissolution profiles. This research provides a promising foundation for a once-daily metformin hydrochloride formulation, potentially offering improved patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes in type 2 diabetes management. The study underscores the effectiveness of HPMC-based matrix systems in achieving sustained drug release and highlights the need for further in vivo investigations to establish bioequivalence and clinical efficacy.
Automation of agricultural activities based on the Internet of Things (IoT) can trans the agricul... more Automation of agricultural activities based on the Internet of Things (IoT) can trans the agriculture industry from static or manual to dynamic and intelligent. Additio IOT is a less labour intensive procedure decrease manpower involvement. Wir Sensor Networks (WSN), Precision Agriculture (PA) are the primary caus automation in the agricultural sector. PA involves in specialized sensors and algori which helps to receive the required amount of nutrients for maximizing the yield maintaining sustainability. PA involves obtaining accurate information about the sta the soil, crops, and weather from the sensors placed in the fields. High-resolution p of crops are taken with manned or unmanned satellites or aerial platforms. The p are processed to retrieve data for future decisions. A review of close-by and fa sensor networks in the field of agriculture is covered in this study, along with issues and difficulties. This survey covers wireless communication technologies, sen and wireless nodes used to measure environmental behaviour in agriculture, as w the platforms used to obtain spectral images of crops, the spectral images and applications are used to analysis the typical vegetation indices. A wireless s network-based system is the initial module, and it tracks the condition of crops in time. The multi-spectral imagery obtained in the second module by a low-altitude re sensing platform which processed to identify healthy and diseased crops. We emphasize the outcomes from a case study and indicate the difficulties and direction need to take moving forward.
Leaf spot of Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.) caused by Mycosphaerella arachidis Deighton... more Leaf spot of Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.) caused by Mycosphaerella arachidis Deighton has been recorded during winter seasons of recent years (2019-2024) in Odisha, India. Occurrence of the disease was first noticed in the month of September till continued up to January. M. arachidis turned to be an emerging pathogen under change in climatic condition and every time increasing their potentiality to infect a new host. A significant number of Z. mauritiana showed leaf spot symptom with approximately 55-60% average disease incidence. Leaf spots characterized with oval, circular, irregular patches which showed sequential color changes from light brown to reddish brown to pale brown encircling purple margin and ultimately grayish patches. The present research article describes the identification of the causal organism M. arachidis, its characterization and increasing host index. Optimum temperature (20-25 °C) coupled with moderate humidity (75-80%) during the pre-winter season helps in disease progress. To the best of our knowledge and review of literature study led to the conclusion that this is the first report of leaf spot of Z. mauritiana caused by M. arachidis from India.
Mushrooms are generally recognised for their high protein content, low fat and of great economic ... more Mushrooms are generally recognised for their high protein content, low fat and of great economic value. Nowadays, when human being is concerned about cholesterol and health issues mushroom plays a very important role. Several kinds of edible mushrooms are available in our country, but Oyster mushroom, Milky mushroom, Button mushroom and Paddy Straw mushroom are the most preferable species. The majority (80%) of the market is dominated by button mushrooms, with the remaining 20% going to tropical mushrooms like oyster, paddy straw, and milky mushrooms. Within these four species the highest demand is confined to Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and it can be cultivated widely as people like it most. Even though the rate of mushroom production has increased, there are still some issues that mushroom farmers must address in order to advance the industry. These issues include a lack of production houses, a shortage of spawn of high quality, a lack of funding, a lack of equipment, a lack of market facilities, a lack of storage facilities, among others. The potential to increase mushroom output across our country is huge. Development in this sector can boost the rural economy, diversify the economy, and create more job possibilities, taking into account the state of the nation's economy. The main aim of the article is to put together all the major issues related to Button mushroom cultivation in Odisha and its major challenges.
India is one of the major countries in producing more fruits and ranked in second. But several bi... more India is one of the major countries in producing more fruits and ranked in second. But several biotic and abiotic stress are causing the main barrier decreasing the yield and export causing heavy economical losses. One of the most effective method is the chemical method, but it is highly hazardous to environment and a limiting factor in terms of export to foreign countries. Hence, Integrated disease management is the best alternative for chemical control where all chemicals are used up to a safer extent. In Integrated disease management approach, wide range of diseases and pests can be controlled through cultural practices and careful handling, by knowing favourable environmental conditions and epidemiological studies. Physical, cultural, biological and chemical control measures when combined, various major and minor disease of cucumber, watermelon, sapota and jamun can be controlled simultaneously. In India. many farmers are not educated and not aware of this approach. Govt should take some action to make this practice reach out to a greater number of farmers. Keeping view of the recent context, the diseases, its symptoms and IDM approach for cucumber, watermelon, sapota and jamun are described in this chapter.
Aim: To investigate patho-dyanamics of Erwinia tracheiphila on Cucurbita pepo with biochemical, m... more Aim: To investigate patho-dyanamics of Erwinia tracheiphila on Cucurbita pepo with biochemical, molecular characterization and eco-friendly management approaches. Methodology: Variability study of Erwinia tracheiphila was done by collecting the isolates from different places in Odisha. Disease severity was calculated and analyzed from 2016-18 to predict trend of emergence and disease progress. Molecular detection of pathogen was done through 16S rRNA sequencing. Biochemical characterization and identification of pathogenic nature of Erwinia tracheiphila was performed through Ortho-Nitrophenyl β-Galactoside, Esculin hydrolysis, Citrate and Malonate utilization in the presence of different carbohydrate molecules. Efficacy of eight different plant oils were tested by in-vitro inhibition zone (IVIZ) assay against Erwinia tracheiphila as eco-friendly management approaches. Results: Analysis of disease severity data from 2016-18 ranged between 29% to 33%. Molecular detection of causal pat...
Contemporary agriculture relies on advanced technologies to enhance crop productivity.Seed bio-pr... more Contemporary agriculture relies on advanced technologies to enhance crop productivity.Seed bio-priming with plant extracts and microbial agents, not only combats biotic and abiotic stresses effectively but also enhances over all plant growth and development. This integration signifies a novel approach in modern agricultural practices. The incorporation of biological control organisms into seeds may aid in pathogenic control and seedling performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of biopriming cotton seeds with Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Biomix (T. viride +P. fluorescens+ Acetobacter), T. harzianum, T. asperellun, Bacillussubtilis and Control. Seed biopriming treatment with T3-BiomixTrichoderma viride+ P.fluorescens + Acetobacte) was recorded highest germination (65.0%) followed by T5(63%)-T.asperellum, T2(61%)-Pseudomonas fluorescens (SPARSHA-1.0%W P), T6(59%)-Bacillus subtilis and T1(58%/)-T.viride (Niprot-0.50%WP). Enhancement of germination by various biopriming agents ranged from 52-65%.
Sheath blight disease in rice, induced by the necrotrophic basidiomycetes Rhizoctonia solani, has... more Sheath blight disease in rice, induced by the necrotrophic basidiomycetes Rhizoctonia solani, has emerged as a significant menace to global rice cultivation, especially with the widespread adoption of high-yielding varieties. The pathogen's capacity to endure unfavorable conditions and its wide host range contribute to the increased challenge for management. The occurrence of sheath blight in rice is intensified when high-yielding semi-dwarf cultivars are employed, coupled with dense planting and the application of substantial amounts of nitrogenous fertilizers. Managing this pathogen is a formidable challenge due to its broad host range, substantial genetic variability, and the absence of satisfactory levels of natural resistance in the existing rice germplasm. Due to the absence of complete resistance sources, the predominant approach for managing sheath blight has been through chemical control methods. It is imperative to explore solutions to combat this pathogen, in order to reduce rice yield losses and safeguard global food security. Developing genetic resistance provides an alternative to the use of potentially harmful chemical fungicides. This review crucially delivers efforts to enhance the understanding of the host-pathogen relationship, which involves identification of gene loci/markers associated with resistance responses, modification of host genome through transgenic approaches, examining the wide host range, epidemiology and its managemental approaches. Recent advancements and current research on the R. solani-rice pathosystem, along with a gap analysis, are presented.
Rice is one of India's most significant staple foods. Numerous fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nema... more Rice is one of India's most significant staple foods. Numerous fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are among the biotic stressors that are seriously reducing rice yields. Globally, more than 200 species of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) have been reported on rice; among them, Ditylenchus angustus, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Hirschmanniella spp., Heterodera oryzicola, and Meloidogyne graminicola are the major nematode pests. The most significant pest, however, is rice rootknot nematode (M. graminicola), found in most of the world's rice-producing nations. One of the causes of India's declining rice productivity is M. graminicola; it causes 16-32 per cent yield loss in upland (Rao and Biswas, 1973), lowland (Jairajpuri and Baqri, 1991), and irrigated rice (Prot and Matias, 1995). In economic terms also M. graminicola is the most important, causing yield loss of Rs. 23,272.32 million in rice in India (Kumar et al., 2020). Non-chemical methods provide nematode management to a lesser extent than chemical methods and their efficacy mainly depends upon climatic factors. Fluopyram is one of the relatively newer available molecules. It selectively arrests Complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of the nematodes. At the
This study focuses on the development and comprehensive evaluation of a sustained release matrix ... more This study focuses on the development and comprehensive evaluation of a sustained release matrix system for metformin hydrochloride, a widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the release-controlling polymer. The research aimed to optimize a once-daily formulation to enhance patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Various formulations were prepared using different ratios of drug to HPMC (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2) via direct compression method. The optimized formulation (F3, drug:HPMC ratio 1:1.5) was extensively characterized for physicochemical properties, in vitro release profile, and stability under accelerated conditions. Physicochemical characterization, including FTIR spectroscopy and DSC analysis, confirmed the absence of significant drug-polymer interactions. The optimized formulation exhibited desirable swelling behaviour and mechanical strength. In vitro dissolution studies revealed a controlled release profile, with approximately 95.7% of the drug released over 24 hours, following Higuchi kinetics (r² = 0.9924). Stability studies conducted over six months under accelerated conditions (40±2°C, 75±5% RH) demonstrated that the formulation maintained its physical, chemical, and dissolution characteristics, with an f2 similarity factor of 68.5 between initial and 6-month dissolution profiles. This research provides a promising foundation for a once-daily metformin hydrochloride formulation, potentially offering improved patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes in type 2 diabetes management. The study underscores the effectiveness of HPMC-based matrix systems in achieving sustained drug release and highlights the need for further in vivo investigations to establish bioequivalence and clinical efficacy.
Automation of agricultural activities based on the Internet of Things (IoT) can trans the agricul... more Automation of agricultural activities based on the Internet of Things (IoT) can trans the agriculture industry from static or manual to dynamic and intelligent. Additio IOT is a less labour intensive procedure decrease manpower involvement. Wir Sensor Networks (WSN), Precision Agriculture (PA) are the primary caus automation in the agricultural sector. PA involves in specialized sensors and algori which helps to receive the required amount of nutrients for maximizing the yield maintaining sustainability. PA involves obtaining accurate information about the sta the soil, crops, and weather from the sensors placed in the fields. High-resolution p of crops are taken with manned or unmanned satellites or aerial platforms. The p are processed to retrieve data for future decisions. A review of close-by and fa sensor networks in the field of agriculture is covered in this study, along with issues and difficulties. This survey covers wireless communication technologies, sen and wireless nodes used to measure environmental behaviour in agriculture, as w the platforms used to obtain spectral images of crops, the spectral images and applications are used to analysis the typical vegetation indices. A wireless s network-based system is the initial module, and it tracks the condition of crops in time. The multi-spectral imagery obtained in the second module by a low-altitude re sensing platform which processed to identify healthy and diseased crops. We emphasize the outcomes from a case study and indicate the difficulties and direction need to take moving forward.
Leaf spot of Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.) caused by Mycosphaerella arachidis Deighton... more Leaf spot of Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.) caused by Mycosphaerella arachidis Deighton has been recorded during winter seasons of recent years (2019-2024) in Odisha, India. Occurrence of the disease was first noticed in the month of September till continued up to January. M. arachidis turned to be an emerging pathogen under change in climatic condition and every time increasing their potentiality to infect a new host. A significant number of Z. mauritiana showed leaf spot symptom with approximately 55-60% average disease incidence. Leaf spots characterized with oval, circular, irregular patches which showed sequential color changes from light brown to reddish brown to pale brown encircling purple margin and ultimately grayish patches. The present research article describes the identification of the causal organism M. arachidis, its characterization and increasing host index. Optimum temperature (20-25 °C) coupled with moderate humidity (75-80%) during the pre-winter season helps in disease progress. To the best of our knowledge and review of literature study led to the conclusion that this is the first report of leaf spot of Z. mauritiana caused by M. arachidis from India.
Mushrooms are generally recognised for their high protein content, low fat and of great economic ... more Mushrooms are generally recognised for their high protein content, low fat and of great economic value. Nowadays, when human being is concerned about cholesterol and health issues mushroom plays a very important role. Several kinds of edible mushrooms are available in our country, but Oyster mushroom, Milky mushroom, Button mushroom and Paddy Straw mushroom are the most preferable species. The majority (80%) of the market is dominated by button mushrooms, with the remaining 20% going to tropical mushrooms like oyster, paddy straw, and milky mushrooms. Within these four species the highest demand is confined to Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and it can be cultivated widely as people like it most. Even though the rate of mushroom production has increased, there are still some issues that mushroom farmers must address in order to advance the industry. These issues include a lack of production houses, a shortage of spawn of high quality, a lack of funding, a lack of equipment, a lack of market facilities, a lack of storage facilities, among others. The potential to increase mushroom output across our country is huge. Development in this sector can boost the rural economy, diversify the economy, and create more job possibilities, taking into account the state of the nation's economy. The main aim of the article is to put together all the major issues related to Button mushroom cultivation in Odisha and its major challenges.
India is one of the major countries in producing more fruits and ranked in second. But several bi... more India is one of the major countries in producing more fruits and ranked in second. But several biotic and abiotic stress are causing the main barrier decreasing the yield and export causing heavy economical losses. One of the most effective method is the chemical method, but it is highly hazardous to environment and a limiting factor in terms of export to foreign countries. Hence, Integrated disease management is the best alternative for chemical control where all chemicals are used up to a safer extent. In Integrated disease management approach, wide range of diseases and pests can be controlled through cultural practices and careful handling, by knowing favourable environmental conditions and epidemiological studies. Physical, cultural, biological and chemical control measures when combined, various major and minor disease of cucumber, watermelon, sapota and jamun can be controlled simultaneously. In India. many farmers are not educated and not aware of this approach. Govt should take some action to make this practice reach out to a greater number of farmers. Keeping view of the recent context, the diseases, its symptoms and IDM approach for cucumber, watermelon, sapota and jamun are described in this chapter.
Aim: To investigate patho-dyanamics of Erwinia tracheiphila on Cucurbita pepo with biochemical, m... more Aim: To investigate patho-dyanamics of Erwinia tracheiphila on Cucurbita pepo with biochemical, molecular characterization and eco-friendly management approaches. Methodology: Variability study of Erwinia tracheiphila was done by collecting the isolates from different places in Odisha. Disease severity was calculated and analyzed from 2016-18 to predict trend of emergence and disease progress. Molecular detection of pathogen was done through 16S rRNA sequencing. Biochemical characterization and identification of pathogenic nature of Erwinia tracheiphila was performed through Ortho-Nitrophenyl β-Galactoside, Esculin hydrolysis, Citrate and Malonate utilization in the presence of different carbohydrate molecules. Efficacy of eight different plant oils were tested by in-vitro inhibition zone (IVIZ) assay against Erwinia tracheiphila as eco-friendly management approaches. Results: Analysis of disease severity data from 2016-18 ranged between 29% to 33%. Molecular detection of causal pat...
Super Foods and Its Importance in Our Daily Diet, 2022
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as the staple food almost half of the globe. Traditional whi... more Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as the staple food almost half of the globe. Traditional white rice is rich in carbohydrate and causes in increases in sugar content of blood. The colored rice varieties, especially black rice is rich in many nutritional and bioactive components which have potential health benefits and can be replaced in diet system in place of white rice. The presence of essential amino acids, functional lipids, Phytosterols, tocopherols, Phytic acid can also increase the health benefits if consumed regularly. The consumption of black rice directly or its processed products like bran oil, bakery products, powder soup etc. can reduce multiple risks like hypertension, digestive problems, cancer, neurological disorders etc. Antioxidants, a potential component of black rice has made it more preferable for patients. It is regarded as an excellent substitute of white rice.
To investigate patho-dyanamics of Erwinia tracheiphila on Cucurbita pepo with biochemical, molecu... more To investigate patho-dyanamics of Erwinia tracheiphila on Cucurbita pepo with biochemical, molecular characterization and eco-friendly management approaches. Variability study of Erwinia tracheiphila was done by collecting the isolates from different places in Odisha. Disease severity was calculated and analyzed from 2016-18 to predict trend of emergence and disease progress. Molecular detection of pathogen was done through 16S rRNA sequencing. Biochemical characterization and identification of pathogenic nature of Erwinia tracheiphila was performed through Ortho-Nitrophenyl β-Galactoside, Esculin hydrolysis, Citrate and Malonate utilization in the presence of different carbohydrate molecules. Efficacy of eight different plant oils were tested by in-vitro inhibition zone (IVIZ) assay against Erwinia tracheiphila as eco-friendly management approaches. Analysis of disease severity data from 2016-18 ranged between 29% to 33%. Molecular detection of causal pathogen was further confirmed by 16S rRNA region sequencing with 99% identity of NCBI-GenBank published Erwinia tracheiphila (MK356446 and MK356441) database and phylogenetic analysis. The results of IVIZT revealed that the clove oil treatment showed maximum inhibitory effect on the growth of Erwinia tracheiphila followed by mustard oil and neem oil. Sesamum oil showed the lowest efficacy against Erwinia tracheiphila. Optimum temperature range between 25-28°C, 80-85% relative humidity and 150-180 mm average rainfall triggered the disease progress and turned to be a severe one under experimental agro-climatic situation. Biochemical characterization and molecular detection of causal isolate confirmed the pathogen as Erwinia tracheiphila, causing wilt disease of Cucurbita pepo. This study also revealed the potential efficacy of clove oil and mustard oil against Erwinia tracheiphila as compared to other selected plant oils.
India is one of the major countries in producing more fruits and ranked in second. But several bi... more India is one of the major countries in producing more fruits and ranked in second. But several biotic and abiotic stress are causing the main barrier decreasing the yield and export causing heavy economical losses. One of the most effective method is the chemical method, but it is highly hazardous to environment and a limiting factor in terms of export to foreign countries. Hence, Integrated disease management is the best alternative for chemical control where all chemicals are used up to a safer extent. In Integrated disease management approach, wide range of diseases and pests can be controlled through cultural practices and careful handling, by knowing favourable environmental conditions and epidemiological studies. Physical, cultural, biological and chemical control measures when combined, various major and minor disease of cucumber, watermelon, sapota and jamun can be controlled simultaneously. In India. many farmers are not educated and not aware of this approach. Govt should take some action to make this practice reach out to a greater number of farmers. Keeping view of the recent context, the diseases, its symptoms and IDM approach for cucumber, watermelon, sapota and jamun are described in this chapter.
Plant disease indicates the impairment of normal state to abnormal state additionally interruptio... more Plant disease indicates the impairment of normal state to abnormal state additionally interruption or modification of physiological function results significant crop losses worldwide. Integrated disease management is a strategic consortium with a combination of biological, cultural and chemical control. The key principle of IDM is framed with the objective to find out possible eco-friendly measure by which we can protect our crops and environment conjointly. For the proper implementation of IDM strategies, we need several branchlet policies in the sector of land use, education and awareness, plant protection, trade and export, private sector investment, agricultural extension and food safety under the same umbrella. Diverse agroclimatic situation by considering tropical, subtropical and temperate land condition prefers different kinds of fruit production and helps to gain a prestigious position in world's fruit production. To maintain the same rank in long term basis is a challenge itself. The base of sustainable agriculture in developing countries fully depends on wide basis skill adoption of IDM strategies in terms of disease management, field management, insightful knowledge, crop rotation and productivity at farmer's level. In the present context with this chapter we are trying to focus on IDM practices applied in major tropical fruit crops in India.
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Papers by Siddhartha Das