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An intermediate temperature stable, alkaline lipase from a newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa ... more An intermediate temperature stable, alkaline lipase from a newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was produced on a defined minimal medium and was found to have 800 IU/L of lipase under un-optimized conditions. Crude lipase produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was characterized for its biochemical properties and it was found to have temperature optima of 60°C with broad range of temperature activity from 40°C to70°C and pH optima was found to be 9.0 with sudden decline in lipolytic activity at pH other than 9.0. Crude enzyme was concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and it was immobilized onto Celite® for is application for biodiesel production.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Genistein, Hesperidin, and epigallocatechin-3 are the potential
ligands in regulating microtubul... more Genistein, Hesperidin, and epigallocatechin-3 are the potential
ligands in regulating microtubule-related tau protein and Epigallocatechin-3
gallate is the most potent among them and the most elevated negative free
vitality of official with the maximum interacting surface territory throughout
docking studies.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an issue of global significance that has take... more The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an issue of global significance that has taken the lives of many across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for its pathogenesis. The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature. Initially, it was thought to be limited to the respiratory system; however, we now recognize that COVID-19 also affects several other organs, including the nervous system. Two similar human coronaviruses (CoV) that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) are also known to cause disease in the nervous system. The neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are growing rapidly, as evidenced by several reports. There are several mechanisms responsible for such manifestations in the nervous system. For instance, post-infectious immune-mediated processes, direct virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and virus-induced hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states are commonly involved. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variants, dysfunction of taste and smell, and muscle injury are numerous examples of COVID-19 PNS (peripheral nervous system) disease. Likewise, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, encephalitis, meningitis, encephalopathy acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, endothelialitis, and venous sinus thrombosis are some instances of COVID-19 CNS disease. Due to multifactorial and complicated pathogenic mechanisms, COVID-19 poses a large-scale threat to the whole nervous system. A complete understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neurological impairments is still lacking, but our knowledge base is rapidly expanding. Therefore, we anticipate that this comprehensive review will provide valuable insights and facilitate the work of neuroscientists in unfolding different neurological dimensions of COVID-19 and other CoV associated abnormalities.
This study was aimed at evaluating the anticancer potential of curcumin-loaded poly(lactic-co-gly... more This study was aimed at evaluating the anticancer potential of curcumin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based nanoparticles (NPs) in MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells. Methods: Curcuminloaded PLGA NPs were developed using a modified solvent evaporation technique. Physical characterization was performed on the formulated NPs. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to study the biological activity of the curcumin-loaded NPs. Results: Curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency and sustained payload release. Moreover, the NPs exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability, cell migration and cell invasion in the MDA-MB231 cells. Conclusion: The study revealed that the formulated curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs possessed significant anti-metastatic properties. The findings showcased the possible potential of curcumin-loaded NPs in the management of debilitating conditions such as cancer. In addition, this study could form the basis for further research and advancements in this area.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disorder with worldw... more Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disorder with worldwide prevalence. Its clinical manifestation involves the presence of extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). NFTs occur in brain tissues as a result of both Ab agglomeration and Tau phosphorylation. Although there is no known cure for AD, research into possible cures and treatment options continues using cell-cultures and model animals/organisms. The nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-jb) plays an active role in the progression of AD. Impairment to this signaling module triggers undesirable phenotypic changes such as neuroinflammation, activation of microglia, oxidative stress related complications, and apoptotic cell death. These imbalances further lead to homeostatic abnormalities in the brain or in initial stages of AD essentially pushing normal neurons toward the degener-ation process. Interestingly, the role of NF-jb signaling associated receptor-interacting protein kinase is currently observed in apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and has been reported in brains. Conversely, the NF-jb signaling pathway has also been reported to be involved in normal brain functioning. This pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining synaptic plasticity and balancing between learning and memory. Since any impairment in the pathways associated with NF-jb signaling causes altered neuronal dynamics, neu-rotherapeutics using compounds including, antioxidants, bio-flavonoids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against such abnormalities offer possibilities to rectify aberrant exci-tatory neuronal activity in AD. In this review, we have provided an extensive overview of the crucial role of NF-jb signaling in normal brain homeostasis. We have also thoroughly outlined several established pathomechanisms associated with NF-jb pathways in AD, along with their respective therapeutic approaches.
Aim: Statistical medium optimization for maximum production of a hyperthermostable lipase from Bu... more Aim: Statistical medium optimization for maximum production of a hyperthermostable lipase from Burkholderia cepacia and its validation in a bioreactor.Methods and Results:Burkholderia cepacia was grown in shake flasks containing 1% glucose, 0·1% KH2PO4, 0·5% NH4Cl, 0·24% (NH4)2HPO4, 0·01% MgSO4.7H2O and 1% emulsified palm oil, at 45 °C and pH 7·0, agitated at 250 rev min−1 with 6-h-old inoculum (2% v/v) for 20 h. A fourfold enhancement in lipase production (50 U ml−1) and an approximately three fold increase in specific activity (160 U mg−1) by B. cepacia was obtained in a 14 litre bioreactor within 15 h after statistical optimization following shake flask culture. The statistical model was obtained using face centred central composite design (FCCCD) with five variables: glucose, palm oil, incubation time, inoculum density and agitation. The model suggested no interactive effect of the five factors, although incubation period, inoculum and carbon concentration were the important variables.Conclusions: The maximum lipase production was 50 U ml−1, with specific activity 160 U mg−1 protein, in a 14 litre bioreactor after 15 h in a medium obtained after statistical optimization in shake flasks. Further, the model predicted reduction in time for lipase production with reduction in total carbon supply.Significance and Impact of the Study: Statistical optimization allows quick optimization of a large number of variables. It also provides a deep insight into the regulatory role of various parameters involved in enzyme production.
Lipase from Burkholderia multivorans was purified with high yields directly from fermentation bro... more Lipase from Burkholderia multivorans was purified with high yields directly from fermentation broth by a single-step purification protocol involving adsorption and desorption. The crude enzyme (lyophilized powder) from B. multivorans was loaded on Accurel (Membrana, Germany), a polypropylene matrix, using butanol as the solvent in a buffer at pH 9.0 and ambient temperature for a period of 12 h. The enzyme adsorbed onto the matrix with high specific activity (33 units mg−1 protein). This was followed by desorption of the enzyme from the matrix using Triton X-100 as the eluent. The enzyme was finally recovered by precipitation with acetone (50%, v/v). Thus, an overall enzyme yield of 66% with a 3.0-fold purification was obtained. The purity of the enzyme was ascertained by SDS-PAGE. The phenomenon of adsorption and desorption on Accurel was studied for three more lipases, viz. Mucor meihei lipase (Sigma–Aldrich Co.), Lipolase (Novo Nordisk, Denmark) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase (laboratory isolate).
A simple activity staining protocol for rapid detection and differentiation of lipases and estera... more A simple activity staining protocol for rapid detection and differentiation of lipases and esterases was developed based on pH drop due to fatty acids released following lipolysis. Though the detection of lipolysis as a function of drop in pH is not new, the present method has been made more sensitive by the judicious selection of the initial pH of the chromogenic substrate, which has been set near the end point of the dye so that even a slight drop in pH results in immediate color change. In the present case, the dye phenol red was taken, which has the end point at pH 7.3–7.4 where the color is pink. A slight drop due to fatty acid release results in yellow coloration. The assay has high reproducibility and can detect as low as 0.5 p-NPP enzyme units within 15 min. In addition, this method can be used for various lipidic substrates such as oils and tributyrin, making it suitable for both lipases and esterases.
An intermediate temperature stable, alkaline lipase from a newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa ... more An intermediate temperature stable, alkaline lipase from a newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was produced on a defined minimal medium and was found to have 800 IU/L of lipase under un-optimized conditions. Crude lipase produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was characterized for its biochemical properties and it was found to have temperature optima of 60°C with broad range of temperature activity from 40°C to70°C and pH optima was found to be 9.0 with sudden decline in lipolytic activity at pH other than 9.0. Crude enzyme was concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and it was immobilized onto Celite® for is application for biodiesel production.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Genistein, Hesperidin, and epigallocatechin-3 are the potential
ligands in regulating microtubul... more Genistein, Hesperidin, and epigallocatechin-3 are the potential
ligands in regulating microtubule-related tau protein and Epigallocatechin-3
gallate is the most potent among them and the most elevated negative free
vitality of official with the maximum interacting surface territory throughout
docking studies.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an issue of global significance that has take... more The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an issue of global significance that has taken the lives of many across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for its pathogenesis. The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature. Initially, it was thought to be limited to the respiratory system; however, we now recognize that COVID-19 also affects several other organs, including the nervous system. Two similar human coronaviruses (CoV) that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) are also known to cause disease in the nervous system. The neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are growing rapidly, as evidenced by several reports. There are several mechanisms responsible for such manifestations in the nervous system. For instance, post-infectious immune-mediated processes, direct virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and virus-induced hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states are commonly involved. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variants, dysfunction of taste and smell, and muscle injury are numerous examples of COVID-19 PNS (peripheral nervous system) disease. Likewise, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, encephalitis, meningitis, encephalopathy acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, endothelialitis, and venous sinus thrombosis are some instances of COVID-19 CNS disease. Due to multifactorial and complicated pathogenic mechanisms, COVID-19 poses a large-scale threat to the whole nervous system. A complete understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neurological impairments is still lacking, but our knowledge base is rapidly expanding. Therefore, we anticipate that this comprehensive review will provide valuable insights and facilitate the work of neuroscientists in unfolding different neurological dimensions of COVID-19 and other CoV associated abnormalities.
This study was aimed at evaluating the anticancer potential of curcumin-loaded poly(lactic-co-gly... more This study was aimed at evaluating the anticancer potential of curcumin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based nanoparticles (NPs) in MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells. Methods: Curcuminloaded PLGA NPs were developed using a modified solvent evaporation technique. Physical characterization was performed on the formulated NPs. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to study the biological activity of the curcumin-loaded NPs. Results: Curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency and sustained payload release. Moreover, the NPs exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability, cell migration and cell invasion in the MDA-MB231 cells. Conclusion: The study revealed that the formulated curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs possessed significant anti-metastatic properties. The findings showcased the possible potential of curcumin-loaded NPs in the management of debilitating conditions such as cancer. In addition, this study could form the basis for further research and advancements in this area.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disorder with worldw... more Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disorder with worldwide prevalence. Its clinical manifestation involves the presence of extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). NFTs occur in brain tissues as a result of both Ab agglomeration and Tau phosphorylation. Although there is no known cure for AD, research into possible cures and treatment options continues using cell-cultures and model animals/organisms. The nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-jb) plays an active role in the progression of AD. Impairment to this signaling module triggers undesirable phenotypic changes such as neuroinflammation, activation of microglia, oxidative stress related complications, and apoptotic cell death. These imbalances further lead to homeostatic abnormalities in the brain or in initial stages of AD essentially pushing normal neurons toward the degener-ation process. Interestingly, the role of NF-jb signaling associated receptor-interacting protein kinase is currently observed in apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and has been reported in brains. Conversely, the NF-jb signaling pathway has also been reported to be involved in normal brain functioning. This pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining synaptic plasticity and balancing between learning and memory. Since any impairment in the pathways associated with NF-jb signaling causes altered neuronal dynamics, neu-rotherapeutics using compounds including, antioxidants, bio-flavonoids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against such abnormalities offer possibilities to rectify aberrant exci-tatory neuronal activity in AD. In this review, we have provided an extensive overview of the crucial role of NF-jb signaling in normal brain homeostasis. We have also thoroughly outlined several established pathomechanisms associated with NF-jb pathways in AD, along with their respective therapeutic approaches.
Aim: Statistical medium optimization for maximum production of a hyperthermostable lipase from Bu... more Aim: Statistical medium optimization for maximum production of a hyperthermostable lipase from Burkholderia cepacia and its validation in a bioreactor.Methods and Results:Burkholderia cepacia was grown in shake flasks containing 1% glucose, 0·1% KH2PO4, 0·5% NH4Cl, 0·24% (NH4)2HPO4, 0·01% MgSO4.7H2O and 1% emulsified palm oil, at 45 °C and pH 7·0, agitated at 250 rev min−1 with 6-h-old inoculum (2% v/v) for 20 h. A fourfold enhancement in lipase production (50 U ml−1) and an approximately three fold increase in specific activity (160 U mg−1) by B. cepacia was obtained in a 14 litre bioreactor within 15 h after statistical optimization following shake flask culture. The statistical model was obtained using face centred central composite design (FCCCD) with five variables: glucose, palm oil, incubation time, inoculum density and agitation. The model suggested no interactive effect of the five factors, although incubation period, inoculum and carbon concentration were the important variables.Conclusions: The maximum lipase production was 50 U ml−1, with specific activity 160 U mg−1 protein, in a 14 litre bioreactor after 15 h in a medium obtained after statistical optimization in shake flasks. Further, the model predicted reduction in time for lipase production with reduction in total carbon supply.Significance and Impact of the Study: Statistical optimization allows quick optimization of a large number of variables. It also provides a deep insight into the regulatory role of various parameters involved in enzyme production.
Lipase from Burkholderia multivorans was purified with high yields directly from fermentation bro... more Lipase from Burkholderia multivorans was purified with high yields directly from fermentation broth by a single-step purification protocol involving adsorption and desorption. The crude enzyme (lyophilized powder) from B. multivorans was loaded on Accurel (Membrana, Germany), a polypropylene matrix, using butanol as the solvent in a buffer at pH 9.0 and ambient temperature for a period of 12 h. The enzyme adsorbed onto the matrix with high specific activity (33 units mg−1 protein). This was followed by desorption of the enzyme from the matrix using Triton X-100 as the eluent. The enzyme was finally recovered by precipitation with acetone (50%, v/v). Thus, an overall enzyme yield of 66% with a 3.0-fold purification was obtained. The purity of the enzyme was ascertained by SDS-PAGE. The phenomenon of adsorption and desorption on Accurel was studied for three more lipases, viz. Mucor meihei lipase (Sigma–Aldrich Co.), Lipolase (Novo Nordisk, Denmark) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase (laboratory isolate).
A simple activity staining protocol for rapid detection and differentiation of lipases and estera... more A simple activity staining protocol for rapid detection and differentiation of lipases and esterases was developed based on pH drop due to fatty acids released following lipolysis. Though the detection of lipolysis as a function of drop in pH is not new, the present method has been made more sensitive by the judicious selection of the initial pH of the chromogenic substrate, which has been set near the end point of the dye so that even a slight drop in pH results in immediate color change. In the present case, the dye phenol red was taken, which has the end point at pH 7.3–7.4 where the color is pink. A slight drop due to fatty acid release results in yellow coloration. The assay has high reproducibility and can detect as low as 0.5 p-NPP enzyme units within 15 min. In addition, this method can be used for various lipidic substrates such as oils and tributyrin, making it suitable for both lipases and esterases.
Uploads
ligands in regulating microtubule-related tau protein and Epigallocatechin-3
gallate is the most potent among them and the most elevated negative free
vitality of official with the maximum interacting surface territory throughout
docking studies.
ligands in regulating microtubule-related tau protein and Epigallocatechin-3
gallate is the most potent among them and the most elevated negative free
vitality of official with the maximum interacting surface territory throughout
docking studies.