This research study was mainly focus on performing dynamic cone penetration tests according to AS... more This research study was mainly focus on performing dynamic cone penetration tests according to ASTM D691 - 03 with various relative density on different gradation (poorly graded and well graded) of sand. Sand samples were collected from different region of Gujarat viz. Khanpur, Sevaliya, Ahmedabad. Well graded sand samples were prepared by mixing in different proportions of sand samples collected from above locations. Dynamic cone penetration tests were carried out in Plexiglas tank (60 cm × 60 cm × 75 cm) on three different poorly graded and three different well graded sand at different relative density of 30, 50, 65, 75 %. Relative density of sand samples was determined according to IS: 2720 (Part 14) – 1983. Dry sand has been filled in tank up to 70 cm height of tank. Tamping was done with rammer (30 cm × 30 cm × 1 cm) of 9.5 kg weight to achieve desired density. Desired depth of penetration is 60 cm. Dynamic cone penetration tests were performed according to ASTM D6951-03.
Journal of Engineering, Science & Education, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Kolkata (Ministry of Education, Government of India), 2024
Each epoch possesses a discernible construction methodology that is inherently unique and emblema... more Each epoch possesses a discernible construction methodology that is inherently unique and emblematic of the prevailing ideologies, cultural progress, artistic inclinations, and architectural prowess of its particular civilization. From a nuanced standpoint, Hindu Temples stand out as embodiments of knowledge, artistic brilliance, architectural magnificence, and cultural legacy, symbolizing the pinnacle of building technology in the ancient Indian subcontinent. The timeless principles and customs of Indian Temples go beyond historical boundaries, echoing deeply in the present context, thereby sustaining the flexibility of traditional Indian values and wielding a significant effect on the socio-economic tapestry of society. This scholarly work delves into the intricacies of temple styles, design principles, geometric configurations, structural systems, and the intricate construction technologies intrinsic to Indian temples. The exposition meticulously unfolds the distinctive architectural styles and elements inherent in Hindu Temples. Furthermore, a comprehensive elucidation of the geometric design principles that underscored Indian temple construction is expounded upon within this discourse. The paper meticulously delineates the construction technology, commencing with the meticulous assembly of adept teams, through the stages of meticulous planning and intricate carving, and culminating in the seamless assembly of individual components.
ournal of Advanced Research in Law, Human Rights and Constitutional Studies (IJoLHRCS), ADR Publishing House, 2024
As the digital landscape continues to evolve, women face escalating threats in the form of cyberc... more As the digital landscape continues to evolve, women face escalating threats in the form of cybercrimes within Indian social media platforms. This paper explores the multifaceted challenges encountered by women in the digital realm and proposes empowering strategies to combat cybercrimes effectively. The study delves into the prevalence of online threats, including cyberbullying, stalking, identity theft, and harassment, targeting women specifically. Recognizing the vital role of social media in women's lives, the paper emphasizes the need for tailored combat strategies. The proposed strategies encompass digital literacy initiatives, enhanced cybersecurity measures, legal frameworks, and community support networks. By empowering women with knowledge and resources, this paper aims to contribute to the creation of a safer and more inclusive digital environment for women in India.
The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has emerged as a ... more The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has emerged as a powerful approach in the field of geotechnical engineering. This comprehensive report explores the diverse applications of RS and GIS technologies in geotechnical engineering, focusing on their roles in site investigation, hazard assessment, and infrastructure design. The report delves into the use of RS data, including satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and LiDAR, to gather critical geospatial information for geological mapping and terrain analysis. It elucidates how GIS aids in data integration and visualization, providing a holistic understanding of subsurface conditions, geological structures, and geohazards.
Extensive soils can be found all over the world. The clay mineral montmorillonite is predominantl... more Extensive soils can be found all over the world. The clay mineral montmorillonite is predominantly responsible for soil expansion. Because of their ability to shrink and swell with seasonal changes in moisture content, these expansive soils can cause significant damage to engineering construction. To stabilize the effects of swelling soil various ground improvement techniques, incorporate mineralogical modification of clays. The application of nanotechnology increased in past few years to deal with clay minerals as it possesses the same dimensional properties. To understand the behaviour of Nano modified clay, bentonite was selected as it represents the montmorillonite clay mineral. The characterization of surface-treated bentonite by nanomaterial was carried out. The study of physio-chemical properties and textural properties of surface-modified bentonite clay was carried out. Swelling pressure was evaluated by a consolidometer test. With the advanced nanotechnology instrumentation technique, particle size analysis, zeta potential, wettability, contact angle, infra-red spectroscopy, rheological properties, BET surface area, pH values, XRD, TGA, etc was carried out for treated and untreated soil, to understand the comparative behaviour of surface modification. It was found that by using Nano surfactant, liquid limit and shrinkage limit were reduced considerably. The increase in the quantity of surfactant increases the d-spacing. Thermal stability and particle size increase after surface treatment of bentonite clay. Soil reaches a visco-elastic state and BET surface area decreased after surface modification.
Geotechnical engineering has conventionally emphasized macro-scale phenomena in soil and rock mec... more Geotechnical engineering has conventionally emphasized macro-scale phenomena in soil and rock mechanics. Nonetheless, the latest progress in nanotechnology has unlocked fresh opportunities to investigate the behavior of geomaterials at the nanoscale. This emerging field, known as nano-geo-mechanics, holds great promise for enhancing our understanding of fundamental geotechnical processes and developing innovative solutions for geotechnical engineering challenges. This paper provides an overview of the challenges associated with the application of nano-geo-mechanics in geotechnical engineering. It discusses the scale dependence of friction in geomaterials, highlighting the complex interplay of surface roughness, interfacial interactions, and atomic rearrangements. The computational complexity associated with atomistic simulations, such as molecular dynamics, is also addressed, considering the large number of atoms present in geomaterials and the need to simulate their behavior over relevant time and length scales. To address these challenges, a comprehensive understanding of nano-geo-mechanics requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines experimental investigations, advanced characterization techniques, theoretical models, and computational simulations. Continuous research endeavors seek to create precise predictive models for nano friction in geomaterials, enhancing our comprehension of essential geotechnical processes and laying the groundwork for groundbreaking applications in geotechnical engineering. This article underscores the significance of nano-geomechanics in geotechnical engineering and serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners keen on exploring the opportunities and obstacles in this emerging domain. By addressing these challenges, nano-geo-mechanics has the potential to revolutionize geotechnical engineering, leading to more sustainable and efficient geotechnical solutions.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 15, 2023
Stone columns are regarded as one of the most influential soil-stabilizing methods, capable of si... more Stone columns are regarded as one of the most influential soil-stabilizing methods, capable of significantly increasing the strength and workability of soft soil foundations. In this experimental study, some laboratory tests on various model stone columns were performed in order to improve its workability. They are made up of various gravel shapes and particle distributions, as well as columns reinforced with geotextile reinforcements. Model stone column were tested for load carrying capacity. Various soil parameters such as soil moisture content and shear strength variation with respect to depth was also measured. The model stone columns were tested for cased versus uncased condition and also tested for single versus group effect of stone column. The test results were compared appropriately for cased versus uncased condition and single versus group of stone columns. It has been revealed that using, geotextile reinforcements increase their load-carrying capacity, providing a group of stone columns also enhances the consolidation properties of clay and load carrying capacity compared to single stone column. Moisture dissipation in the clay bed was found to be greatest for the group of three stone columns.
The foundation systems under uplift loads, in particular, should be designed in accordance with t... more The foundation systems under uplift loads, in particular, should be designed in accordance with the factors that influence uplift capability. Anchor systems have recently been used successfully in structures that have been subjected to uplift force. These anchor systems are affected by soil properties, loading conditions, embedment ratio, and anchor group configuration. Model tests in the laboratory were used to investigate the uplift behavior of plate anchors embedded in cohesion-less soil media with and without geosynthetic. Many factors, including the type of geosynthetic, the area of the anchor plate, relative density, the depth of embedment, the type of soil, and the area of geosynthetic inclusion, have significantly influenced plate anchor uplift behavior. The present paper describes the methodology and experimentation on model horizontal plate anchors embedded in geosynthetic reinforced cohesionless soil bed. Also, the analytical investigation was carried out and the results were compared. It is observed that plate anchor embedded in reinforced soil exhibit 1.4 times more uplift capacity than the anchors embedded in unreinforced soil. The inclusion of a geosynthetic layer increases the effective area of anchorage.
Research and applications of RS & GIS in water resources management were practiced in the last tw... more Research and applications of RS & GIS in water resources management were practiced in the last two decades. The pitfalls and shortcomings of GIS technology can be minimized by artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques have become more prevalent in recent years because of the most appropriate applications with precision. Compared to sectors like energy, healthcare, or transportation, the usage of AI-based techniques in the water domain is comparatively modest. This paper reviews current AI applications for managing water resources and offers some speculative applications for AI in tandem with GIS technology. It outlines the step-by-step implementation of GIS technology with AI for managing water resources. Finally, the future of AI-GIS technology for managing water resources is examined.
Stone columns are regarded as one of the most influential soil-stabilizing methods, capable of si... more Stone columns are regarded as one of the most influential soil-stabilizing methods, capable of significantly increasing the strength and workability of soft soil foundations. In this experimental study, some laboratory tests on various model stone columns were performed in order to improve its workability. They are made up of various gravel shapes and particle distributions, as well as columns reinforced with geotextile reinforcements. Model stone column were tested for load carrying capacity. Various soil parameters such as soil moisture content and shear strength variation with respect to depth was also measured. The model stone columns were tested for cased versus uncased condition and also tested for single versus group effect of stone column. The test results were compared appropriately for cased versus uncased condition and single versus group of stone columns. It has been revealed that using, geotextile reinforcements increase their load-carrying capacity, providing a group of stone columns also enhances the consolidation properties of clay and load carrying capacity compared to single stone column. Moisture dissipation in the clay bed was found to be greatest for the group of three stone columns.
The Sun has been worshipped as a significant deity in India for centuries. The Hindu religion's V... more The Sun has been worshipped as a significant deity in India for centuries. The Hindu religion's Vedic scriptures refer to the sun as a source of energy, vitality, and life that governs the course of our lives. Many temples in India are dedicated solely to the Sun, including Martand in Kashmir, Katarmal in Almora, Osia in Rajasthan, Konark in Orissa,and Modhera in Gujarat. Sun temple of Modhera is gaining attraction among tourists, architects, and astronomers. The Sun temple Modhera was built in the architectural style of "Maru Gurjara" The same architectural design is unique, and the association of it concerning water bodies makes it a marvel of engineering design. The present paper discusses the geometrical configuration of the Sun temple, Sabhamandapa, and Suryakunda. Architectural design has studied the axis of symmetry, proportion, scale, relation, dimensional planning, and fractal architecture. The design of steps, intervals in it, and miniature shrines make it different from the rest of the sun temples. The significance of the location of the sun temple, which is the basic purpose of its kind is discussed exclusively. It has been proven that the knowledge of ancient astronomy was applied in its orientation to create an equinox event in the sun temple.
The present world faces extreme weather conditions and global warming is one of its effects. Defo... more The present world faces extreme weather conditions and global warming is one of its effects. Deforestation, or more accurately, a decline in the number of trees on earth, is one of the causes of global warming. There are many strategies to enhance the amount of green cover. A tried-and-true method for increasing plantation on bare ground is the seed ball technique. The making of seed balls, methods of distribution, success rates to develop the full plant, and types of seeds that can be employed are all covered in the current work. It also outlines the initiatives taken over the past ten years to promote the seed ball campaigns in India.
Ground anchors are applicable to Sea-walls, transmission towers, buried pipelines, etc. in which ... more Ground anchors are applicable to Sea-walls, transmission towers, buried pipelines, etc. in which they are subjected to uplift force or tension. The resistance of such uplift or pullout force is obtained using the theory of plasticity. The pullout capacity of the soil anchor is due to the shear strength of the surrounding soil, embedded depth, the dead weight of the plate, etc. Meyerhof and many others have given formulations for such allowable capacity. Many testing methods have been used to study the behavior of anchors (in both sand & clay), including field tests, laboratory tests, numerical analyses (Finite element method), & analytical solutions. Laboratory experiments were performed on a relatively large-scale model to find out the Ultimate uplift capacity Qu and breakout factor N q of cohesion less medium. The load-displacement relationship, variation in peak uplift load with varying embedment ratios, and variation in breakout factor with embedding ratio were the core issues of the experiment. Results are compared with the analytical methods to analyze the relevance of the empirical formula's results are higher or lower than the actual value so it is helpful for the design of soil anchor plates of Laboratory test shows that as the Embedment ratio & Relative density increases the Uplift load increase. Meyerhof and Adam's theory give the nearer value of ultimate uplift load for loose sand. Still, it gives a higher value of ultimate uplift load in medium dense & dense conditions of the soil compared with the model test's results in the laboratory.
Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks (Boraginaceae) commonly known as 'Karvash or Matravalli' i... more Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks (Boraginaceae) commonly known as 'Karvash or Matravalli' is a reputed folklore anticancer drug. The drug is reputed for its many properties and used in diabetes, dysentery, urinary infection, and in bleeding piles etc, specially in the form of decoction or as churna. Review of the literature did not reveal much information regarding this plant. Hence it was thought worth to investigate its pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation for its correct identity. Almost all the parts of plant possess medicinal properties but stem was first selected for its microscopical evaluation which includes the detail histological features involving transverse sections as well as powder microscopy both. Histochemical tests were also performed to notice the presence of various chemical constituents, and besides this the powder of the drug was then subjected to carry out various physicochemical parameters and Thin Layer Chromatographic evaluations.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Structural Engineering, 2021
Pre-stressed Cement concrete poles are widely used for supporting electricity supply lines throug... more Pre-stressed Cement concrete poles are widely used for supporting electricity supply lines throughout India. Its common observation that the poles fail under heavy wind and earthquakes. The response of the poles depends upon the strength of pole material, supporting soil, and depth of embedment of the pole. To economize the erection its general practice to erect the pole as a self-supporting pole. This paper investigates the behavior of a prototype self-supporting electric pole for two different kinds of soil compaction material concerning monotonic lateral load. Load versus displacement in loading and unloading is analyzed for two different soil conditions. Geotechnical design considerations are suggested for the embedment of poles in soils.
Earth anchors of different types are used in various geotechnical applications to provide uplift ... more Earth anchors of different types are used in various geotechnical applications to provide uplift resistance and structural stability against axial and lateral forces. Earth anchors are primarily designed to resist pull-out force. The pull-out resistance depends upon various factors such as anchor type, the shape of an anchor, direction of application of pull-out force, density of soil, etc. Various theoretical development occurred in the past few decades where the above factors are considered in a different quantitative manner. The present study aims to compare the theoretical development of different theories for horizontal plate anchors and the influence of the factors contributing to uplift resistance by both analytical and theoretical methods. The comparative summary is provided for respective analytical methods and factors considered to calculate uplift resistance. Scaled model test performed on circular axisymmetric horizontal plate anchor in cohesionless soil. Uplift load ver...
This research study was mainly focus on performing dynamic cone penetration tests according to AS... more This research study was mainly focus on performing dynamic cone penetration tests according to ASTM D691 - 03 with various relative density on different gradation (poorly graded and well graded) of sand. Sand samples were collected from different region of Gujarat viz. Khanpur, Sevaliya, Ahmedabad. Well graded sand samples were prepared by mixing in different proportions of sand samples collected from above locations. Dynamic cone penetration tests were carried out in Plexiglas tank (60 cm × 60 cm × 75 cm) on three different poorly graded and three different well graded sand at different relative density of 30, 50, 65, 75 %. Relative density of sand samples was determined according to IS: 2720 (Part 14) – 1983. Dry sand has been filled in tank up to 70 cm height of tank. Tamping was done with rammer (30 cm × 30 cm × 1 cm) of 9.5 kg weight to achieve desired density. Desired depth of penetration is 60 cm. Dynamic cone penetration tests were performed according to ASTM D6951-03.
Journal of Engineering, Science & Education, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Kolkata (Ministry of Education, Government of India), 2024
Each epoch possesses a discernible construction methodology that is inherently unique and emblema... more Each epoch possesses a discernible construction methodology that is inherently unique and emblematic of the prevailing ideologies, cultural progress, artistic inclinations, and architectural prowess of its particular civilization. From a nuanced standpoint, Hindu Temples stand out as embodiments of knowledge, artistic brilliance, architectural magnificence, and cultural legacy, symbolizing the pinnacle of building technology in the ancient Indian subcontinent. The timeless principles and customs of Indian Temples go beyond historical boundaries, echoing deeply in the present context, thereby sustaining the flexibility of traditional Indian values and wielding a significant effect on the socio-economic tapestry of society. This scholarly work delves into the intricacies of temple styles, design principles, geometric configurations, structural systems, and the intricate construction technologies intrinsic to Indian temples. The exposition meticulously unfolds the distinctive architectural styles and elements inherent in Hindu Temples. Furthermore, a comprehensive elucidation of the geometric design principles that underscored Indian temple construction is expounded upon within this discourse. The paper meticulously delineates the construction technology, commencing with the meticulous assembly of adept teams, through the stages of meticulous planning and intricate carving, and culminating in the seamless assembly of individual components.
ournal of Advanced Research in Law, Human Rights and Constitutional Studies (IJoLHRCS), ADR Publishing House, 2024
As the digital landscape continues to evolve, women face escalating threats in the form of cyberc... more As the digital landscape continues to evolve, women face escalating threats in the form of cybercrimes within Indian social media platforms. This paper explores the multifaceted challenges encountered by women in the digital realm and proposes empowering strategies to combat cybercrimes effectively. The study delves into the prevalence of online threats, including cyberbullying, stalking, identity theft, and harassment, targeting women specifically. Recognizing the vital role of social media in women's lives, the paper emphasizes the need for tailored combat strategies. The proposed strategies encompass digital literacy initiatives, enhanced cybersecurity measures, legal frameworks, and community support networks. By empowering women with knowledge and resources, this paper aims to contribute to the creation of a safer and more inclusive digital environment for women in India.
The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has emerged as a ... more The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has emerged as a powerful approach in the field of geotechnical engineering. This comprehensive report explores the diverse applications of RS and GIS technologies in geotechnical engineering, focusing on their roles in site investigation, hazard assessment, and infrastructure design. The report delves into the use of RS data, including satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and LiDAR, to gather critical geospatial information for geological mapping and terrain analysis. It elucidates how GIS aids in data integration and visualization, providing a holistic understanding of subsurface conditions, geological structures, and geohazards.
Extensive soils can be found all over the world. The clay mineral montmorillonite is predominantl... more Extensive soils can be found all over the world. The clay mineral montmorillonite is predominantly responsible for soil expansion. Because of their ability to shrink and swell with seasonal changes in moisture content, these expansive soils can cause significant damage to engineering construction. To stabilize the effects of swelling soil various ground improvement techniques, incorporate mineralogical modification of clays. The application of nanotechnology increased in past few years to deal with clay minerals as it possesses the same dimensional properties. To understand the behaviour of Nano modified clay, bentonite was selected as it represents the montmorillonite clay mineral. The characterization of surface-treated bentonite by nanomaterial was carried out. The study of physio-chemical properties and textural properties of surface-modified bentonite clay was carried out. Swelling pressure was evaluated by a consolidometer test. With the advanced nanotechnology instrumentation technique, particle size analysis, zeta potential, wettability, contact angle, infra-red spectroscopy, rheological properties, BET surface area, pH values, XRD, TGA, etc was carried out for treated and untreated soil, to understand the comparative behaviour of surface modification. It was found that by using Nano surfactant, liquid limit and shrinkage limit were reduced considerably. The increase in the quantity of surfactant increases the d-spacing. Thermal stability and particle size increase after surface treatment of bentonite clay. Soil reaches a visco-elastic state and BET surface area decreased after surface modification.
Geotechnical engineering has conventionally emphasized macro-scale phenomena in soil and rock mec... more Geotechnical engineering has conventionally emphasized macro-scale phenomena in soil and rock mechanics. Nonetheless, the latest progress in nanotechnology has unlocked fresh opportunities to investigate the behavior of geomaterials at the nanoscale. This emerging field, known as nano-geo-mechanics, holds great promise for enhancing our understanding of fundamental geotechnical processes and developing innovative solutions for geotechnical engineering challenges. This paper provides an overview of the challenges associated with the application of nano-geo-mechanics in geotechnical engineering. It discusses the scale dependence of friction in geomaterials, highlighting the complex interplay of surface roughness, interfacial interactions, and atomic rearrangements. The computational complexity associated with atomistic simulations, such as molecular dynamics, is also addressed, considering the large number of atoms present in geomaterials and the need to simulate their behavior over relevant time and length scales. To address these challenges, a comprehensive understanding of nano-geo-mechanics requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines experimental investigations, advanced characterization techniques, theoretical models, and computational simulations. Continuous research endeavors seek to create precise predictive models for nano friction in geomaterials, enhancing our comprehension of essential geotechnical processes and laying the groundwork for groundbreaking applications in geotechnical engineering. This article underscores the significance of nano-geomechanics in geotechnical engineering and serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners keen on exploring the opportunities and obstacles in this emerging domain. By addressing these challenges, nano-geo-mechanics has the potential to revolutionize geotechnical engineering, leading to more sustainable and efficient geotechnical solutions.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 15, 2023
Stone columns are regarded as one of the most influential soil-stabilizing methods, capable of si... more Stone columns are regarded as one of the most influential soil-stabilizing methods, capable of significantly increasing the strength and workability of soft soil foundations. In this experimental study, some laboratory tests on various model stone columns were performed in order to improve its workability. They are made up of various gravel shapes and particle distributions, as well as columns reinforced with geotextile reinforcements. Model stone column were tested for load carrying capacity. Various soil parameters such as soil moisture content and shear strength variation with respect to depth was also measured. The model stone columns were tested for cased versus uncased condition and also tested for single versus group effect of stone column. The test results were compared appropriately for cased versus uncased condition and single versus group of stone columns. It has been revealed that using, geotextile reinforcements increase their load-carrying capacity, providing a group of stone columns also enhances the consolidation properties of clay and load carrying capacity compared to single stone column. Moisture dissipation in the clay bed was found to be greatest for the group of three stone columns.
The foundation systems under uplift loads, in particular, should be designed in accordance with t... more The foundation systems under uplift loads, in particular, should be designed in accordance with the factors that influence uplift capability. Anchor systems have recently been used successfully in structures that have been subjected to uplift force. These anchor systems are affected by soil properties, loading conditions, embedment ratio, and anchor group configuration. Model tests in the laboratory were used to investigate the uplift behavior of plate anchors embedded in cohesion-less soil media with and without geosynthetic. Many factors, including the type of geosynthetic, the area of the anchor plate, relative density, the depth of embedment, the type of soil, and the area of geosynthetic inclusion, have significantly influenced plate anchor uplift behavior. The present paper describes the methodology and experimentation on model horizontal plate anchors embedded in geosynthetic reinforced cohesionless soil bed. Also, the analytical investigation was carried out and the results were compared. It is observed that plate anchor embedded in reinforced soil exhibit 1.4 times more uplift capacity than the anchors embedded in unreinforced soil. The inclusion of a geosynthetic layer increases the effective area of anchorage.
Research and applications of RS & GIS in water resources management were practiced in the last tw... more Research and applications of RS & GIS in water resources management were practiced in the last two decades. The pitfalls and shortcomings of GIS technology can be minimized by artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques have become more prevalent in recent years because of the most appropriate applications with precision. Compared to sectors like energy, healthcare, or transportation, the usage of AI-based techniques in the water domain is comparatively modest. This paper reviews current AI applications for managing water resources and offers some speculative applications for AI in tandem with GIS technology. It outlines the step-by-step implementation of GIS technology with AI for managing water resources. Finally, the future of AI-GIS technology for managing water resources is examined.
Stone columns are regarded as one of the most influential soil-stabilizing methods, capable of si... more Stone columns are regarded as one of the most influential soil-stabilizing methods, capable of significantly increasing the strength and workability of soft soil foundations. In this experimental study, some laboratory tests on various model stone columns were performed in order to improve its workability. They are made up of various gravel shapes and particle distributions, as well as columns reinforced with geotextile reinforcements. Model stone column were tested for load carrying capacity. Various soil parameters such as soil moisture content and shear strength variation with respect to depth was also measured. The model stone columns were tested for cased versus uncased condition and also tested for single versus group effect of stone column. The test results were compared appropriately for cased versus uncased condition and single versus group of stone columns. It has been revealed that using, geotextile reinforcements increase their load-carrying capacity, providing a group of stone columns also enhances the consolidation properties of clay and load carrying capacity compared to single stone column. Moisture dissipation in the clay bed was found to be greatest for the group of three stone columns.
The Sun has been worshipped as a significant deity in India for centuries. The Hindu religion's V... more The Sun has been worshipped as a significant deity in India for centuries. The Hindu religion's Vedic scriptures refer to the sun as a source of energy, vitality, and life that governs the course of our lives. Many temples in India are dedicated solely to the Sun, including Martand in Kashmir, Katarmal in Almora, Osia in Rajasthan, Konark in Orissa,and Modhera in Gujarat. Sun temple of Modhera is gaining attraction among tourists, architects, and astronomers. The Sun temple Modhera was built in the architectural style of "Maru Gurjara" The same architectural design is unique, and the association of it concerning water bodies makes it a marvel of engineering design. The present paper discusses the geometrical configuration of the Sun temple, Sabhamandapa, and Suryakunda. Architectural design has studied the axis of symmetry, proportion, scale, relation, dimensional planning, and fractal architecture. The design of steps, intervals in it, and miniature shrines make it different from the rest of the sun temples. The significance of the location of the sun temple, which is the basic purpose of its kind is discussed exclusively. It has been proven that the knowledge of ancient astronomy was applied in its orientation to create an equinox event in the sun temple.
The present world faces extreme weather conditions and global warming is one of its effects. Defo... more The present world faces extreme weather conditions and global warming is one of its effects. Deforestation, or more accurately, a decline in the number of trees on earth, is one of the causes of global warming. There are many strategies to enhance the amount of green cover. A tried-and-true method for increasing plantation on bare ground is the seed ball technique. The making of seed balls, methods of distribution, success rates to develop the full plant, and types of seeds that can be employed are all covered in the current work. It also outlines the initiatives taken over the past ten years to promote the seed ball campaigns in India.
Ground anchors are applicable to Sea-walls, transmission towers, buried pipelines, etc. in which ... more Ground anchors are applicable to Sea-walls, transmission towers, buried pipelines, etc. in which they are subjected to uplift force or tension. The resistance of such uplift or pullout force is obtained using the theory of plasticity. The pullout capacity of the soil anchor is due to the shear strength of the surrounding soil, embedded depth, the dead weight of the plate, etc. Meyerhof and many others have given formulations for such allowable capacity. Many testing methods have been used to study the behavior of anchors (in both sand & clay), including field tests, laboratory tests, numerical analyses (Finite element method), & analytical solutions. Laboratory experiments were performed on a relatively large-scale model to find out the Ultimate uplift capacity Qu and breakout factor N q of cohesion less medium. The load-displacement relationship, variation in peak uplift load with varying embedment ratios, and variation in breakout factor with embedding ratio were the core issues of the experiment. Results are compared with the analytical methods to analyze the relevance of the empirical formula's results are higher or lower than the actual value so it is helpful for the design of soil anchor plates of Laboratory test shows that as the Embedment ratio & Relative density increases the Uplift load increase. Meyerhof and Adam's theory give the nearer value of ultimate uplift load for loose sand. Still, it gives a higher value of ultimate uplift load in medium dense & dense conditions of the soil compared with the model test's results in the laboratory.
Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks (Boraginaceae) commonly known as 'Karvash or Matravalli' i... more Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks (Boraginaceae) commonly known as 'Karvash or Matravalli' is a reputed folklore anticancer drug. The drug is reputed for its many properties and used in diabetes, dysentery, urinary infection, and in bleeding piles etc, specially in the form of decoction or as churna. Review of the literature did not reveal much information regarding this plant. Hence it was thought worth to investigate its pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation for its correct identity. Almost all the parts of plant possess medicinal properties but stem was first selected for its microscopical evaluation which includes the detail histological features involving transverse sections as well as powder microscopy both. Histochemical tests were also performed to notice the presence of various chemical constituents, and besides this the powder of the drug was then subjected to carry out various physicochemical parameters and Thin Layer Chromatographic evaluations.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Structural Engineering, 2021
Pre-stressed Cement concrete poles are widely used for supporting electricity supply lines throug... more Pre-stressed Cement concrete poles are widely used for supporting electricity supply lines throughout India. Its common observation that the poles fail under heavy wind and earthquakes. The response of the poles depends upon the strength of pole material, supporting soil, and depth of embedment of the pole. To economize the erection its general practice to erect the pole as a self-supporting pole. This paper investigates the behavior of a prototype self-supporting electric pole for two different kinds of soil compaction material concerning monotonic lateral load. Load versus displacement in loading and unloading is analyzed for two different soil conditions. Geotechnical design considerations are suggested for the embedment of poles in soils.
Earth anchors of different types are used in various geotechnical applications to provide uplift ... more Earth anchors of different types are used in various geotechnical applications to provide uplift resistance and structural stability against axial and lateral forces. Earth anchors are primarily designed to resist pull-out force. The pull-out resistance depends upon various factors such as anchor type, the shape of an anchor, direction of application of pull-out force, density of soil, etc. Various theoretical development occurred in the past few decades where the above factors are considered in a different quantitative manner. The present study aims to compare the theoretical development of different theories for horizontal plate anchors and the influence of the factors contributing to uplift resistance by both analytical and theoretical methods. The comparative summary is provided for respective analytical methods and factors considered to calculate uplift resistance. Scaled model test performed on circular axisymmetric horizontal plate anchor in cohesionless soil. Uplift load ver...
RS & GIS, Image Interpretation, Methods of Image interpretation, Types of interpretation, Factors... more RS & GIS, Image Interpretation, Methods of Image interpretation, Types of interpretation, Factors governing image interpretation, Activities to interpret image, Sensors, Role of sensors in Image derivation, Aerial Photography, LISS-3, Image characteristics, Special characteristics, Shadow, Texture, Pattern, associated features in images
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society. This scholarly work delves into the intricacies of temple styles, design principles, geometric configurations, structural systems, and the intricate construction technologies intrinsic to Indian temples. The exposition meticulously unfolds the distinctive architectural
styles and elements inherent in Hindu Temples. Furthermore, a comprehensive elucidation of the geometric design principles that underscored Indian temple construction is expounded upon within this discourse. The paper meticulously delineates the construction technology, commencing with the meticulous assembly of adept teams, through the stages of meticulous planning and intricate carving, and culminating in the seamless assembly of individual components.
society. This scholarly work delves into the intricacies of temple styles, design principles, geometric configurations, structural systems, and the intricate construction technologies intrinsic to Indian temples. The exposition meticulously unfolds the distinctive architectural
styles and elements inherent in Hindu Temples. Furthermore, a comprehensive elucidation of the geometric design principles that underscored Indian temple construction is expounded upon within this discourse. The paper meticulously delineates the construction technology, commencing with the meticulous assembly of adept teams, through the stages of meticulous planning and intricate carving, and culminating in the seamless assembly of individual components.