Tetun Dili is both the primary lingua franca and along with Portuguese co-official language of Ea... more Tetun Dili is both the primary lingua franca and along with Portuguese co-official language of East Timor. Before the independence referendum of 1999 it was little used in the formal public sphere including in the press. This has radically altered since 1999 and Tetun has had to adapt rapidly to new domains of public use including in the press and other media as well as officialdom. It has also been since that time in renewed vigorous contact with Portuguese, in addition to contact with Indonesian and English. In this study we look at aspects of grammatical change that has occurred in the press register of Tetun. We see that lexical influence is mostly from Portuguese, however a number of grammatical changes are also evidence such as the development of new passive constructions – the most common form of which is also found in Portuguese, English and Indonesian. Other changes are also identified
Tuir Lakoff ho Johnson (2003), ita kompriende buat barak liuhosi metáfora, liuliu ita kompriende ... more Tuir Lakoff ho Johnson (2003), ita kompriende buat barak liuhosi metáfora, liuliu ita kompriende buat ne’ebé ita la bele haree bazeia ba buat fíziku. Iha metáfora, ita uza liafuan ne’ebé baibain hatudu ba buat ida hodi hatudu ba buat seluk fali, ne’e katak, ita halo komparasaun. Ezemplu, ita kompara Maromak ho aman ida. Maibé ita la esplika komparasaun ne’e. Ema ne’ebé rona mak tenke interpreta, oinsá mak buat rua ne’e hanesan. Ida ne’e halo metáfora sai forte, maibé mós perigozu uitoan, tanba ita ida-ida interpreta tuir ita-nia esperiénsia ho ita-nia kultura. Metáfora sempre leno realidade nia aspektu balu, no subar aspektu seluk. Ezemplu, ita kompara justisa modernu ho funu (defende arguidu, nia lakon), maibé ida ne’e bele halo ita haluha katak ita bele mós rezolve problema liuhosi diálogu. Ita ko’alia loroloron uza metáfora barak. Maski ita baibain la nota, maibé metáforasira-ne’e hatudu buat barak kona ba ita nia ideia.
Revisions to the third edition comprise spelling changes only. These materials were initially pub... more Revisions to the third edition comprise spelling changes only. These materials were initially published by Peace Corps East Timor for use in training American Volunteers. They may be copied and used on condition that they remain unchanged.
This article focuses on a detailed description of patterns of address in Dili Tetum today. It out... more This article focuses on a detailed description of patterns of address in Dili Tetum today. It outlines the complexities of the address system and points to considerable variation in its evolving presentday use. We find, amongst other things, that a speaker may use a range of address strategies even to the same addressee, and that the use of polite pronouns Ita and Ita-Boot appears to be spreading as the language extends into new domains not previously available to it.
This paper visually presents where each of the languages of Timor-Leste (East Timor) are spoken. ... more This paper visually presents where each of the languages of Timor-Leste (East Timor) are spoken. It maps the dominant home language for each suku (village) according to the 2010 census, as well as the percentage of people claiming to speak each language at home in each suku. Overview of languages
Tetun Dili, an Austronesian language spoken in East Timor, was until 1999 primarily an oral langu... more Tetun Dili, an Austronesian language spoken in East Timor, was until 1999 primarily an oral language of intercultural communication. Since the 1999 vote on independence from Indonesia, Tetun Dili has become the dominant language of public life, including the government, education and the media, as well as becoming an official language alongside Portuguese, a former colonial language. The rapidly evolving press register of Tetun shows significant impact from language contact. Portuguese influence is seen primarily in extensive lexical borrowing, brought in by the Portuguese-educated elite as well as by translators and writers. Indonesian influence is seen in several calques for expressing anaphora, brought in by Indonesian-educated writers, and an adversative passive. Other new constructions, including a more general passive and final quote margins, have come about through the combined influence of Portuguese, Indonesian and English, the last as a source language for much literal tra...
La plupart des langues austronesiennes ont ete influencees par des siecles de contact avec le cas... more La plupart des langues austronesiennes ont ete influencees par des siecles de contact avec le castillan et le portugais. L'A. analyse cette influence au niveau morphologique dans le cas de la langue teton ou le suffixe portugais -dor est utilise aussi bien avec des racines lexicales d'origine locale (ex: mamador) qu'avec des racines lexicales empruntees au portugais (ex: administrador). Ce phenomene de productivite du suffixe -dor semble etre unique dans les langues austronesiennes : aucun autre cas n'est repertorie dans les autres langues austronesiennes influencees par le castillan et le portugais (tagalog, chamorro)
Tetun, the main lingua franca of East Timor, has undergone a rapid expansion in role over the las... more Tetun, the main lingua franca of East Timor, has undergone a rapid expansion in role over the last two decades, becoming the language of the Catholic mass in 1981, and taking on a much increased role in media and public life since East Timor’s separation from Indonesian rule in 1999. Such expansion can be expected to continue, as Tetun has, along with Portuguese (the colonial language up to 1975), been selected as an official language for the nation when it achieves full independence in May 2002.
Speakers of Tetun Dili, in Timor-Leste, commonly use three sets of numerals, namely native Tetun ... more Speakers of Tetun Dili, in Timor-Leste, commonly use three sets of numerals, namely native Tetun as well as numerals from the languages of the two former colonial powers, Portuguese and Indonesian. Tetun numerals can modify nouns from any language, within native Tetun constructions. In contrast, borrowed numerals modify only nouns from the same source language, using source language order. Functional and sociolinguistic differences were sought based on an extensive corpus of texts as well as two surveys of numeral use. The choice of numeral language is complex. Contributing factors include the language of the head noun for attributive adjectives, the size of the number, the topic, and sociolinguistic factors such as formality, lectal type, and language of education of the speaker and of the preceding generation. Tetun numerals are primarily used for small numbers within traditional contexts, while Indonesian and Portuguese vie for position for larger numbers and modern contexts.
Tetun Dili is both the primary lingua franca and along with Portuguese co-official language of Ea... more Tetun Dili is both the primary lingua franca and along with Portuguese co-official language of East Timor. Before the independence referendum of 1999 it was little used in the formal public sphere including in the press. This has radically altered since 1999 and Tetun has had to adapt rapidly to new domains of public use including in the press and other media as well as officialdom. It has also been since that time in renewed vigorous contact with Portuguese, in addition to contact with Indonesian and English. In this study we look at aspects of grammatical change that has occurred in the press register of Tetun. We see that lexical influence is mostly from Portuguese, however a number of grammatical changes are also evidence such as the development of new passive constructions – the most common form of which is also found in Portuguese, English and Indonesian. Other changes are also identified
Tuir Lakoff ho Johnson (2003), ita kompriende buat barak liuhosi metáfora, liuliu ita kompriende ... more Tuir Lakoff ho Johnson (2003), ita kompriende buat barak liuhosi metáfora, liuliu ita kompriende buat ne’ebé ita la bele haree bazeia ba buat fíziku. Iha metáfora, ita uza liafuan ne’ebé baibain hatudu ba buat ida hodi hatudu ba buat seluk fali, ne’e katak, ita halo komparasaun. Ezemplu, ita kompara Maromak ho aman ida. Maibé ita la esplika komparasaun ne’e. Ema ne’ebé rona mak tenke interpreta, oinsá mak buat rua ne’e hanesan. Ida ne’e halo metáfora sai forte, maibé mós perigozu uitoan, tanba ita ida-ida interpreta tuir ita-nia esperiénsia ho ita-nia kultura. Metáfora sempre leno realidade nia aspektu balu, no subar aspektu seluk. Ezemplu, ita kompara justisa modernu ho funu (defende arguidu, nia lakon), maibé ida ne’e bele halo ita haluha katak ita bele mós rezolve problema liuhosi diálogu. Ita ko’alia loroloron uza metáfora barak. Maski ita baibain la nota, maibé metáforasira-ne’e hatudu buat barak kona ba ita nia ideia.
Revisions to the third edition comprise spelling changes only. These materials were initially pub... more Revisions to the third edition comprise spelling changes only. These materials were initially published by Peace Corps East Timor for use in training American Volunteers. They may be copied and used on condition that they remain unchanged.
This article focuses on a detailed description of patterns of address in Dili Tetum today. It out... more This article focuses on a detailed description of patterns of address in Dili Tetum today. It outlines the complexities of the address system and points to considerable variation in its evolving presentday use. We find, amongst other things, that a speaker may use a range of address strategies even to the same addressee, and that the use of polite pronouns Ita and Ita-Boot appears to be spreading as the language extends into new domains not previously available to it.
This paper visually presents where each of the languages of Timor-Leste (East Timor) are spoken. ... more This paper visually presents where each of the languages of Timor-Leste (East Timor) are spoken. It maps the dominant home language for each suku (village) according to the 2010 census, as well as the percentage of people claiming to speak each language at home in each suku. Overview of languages
Tetun Dili, an Austronesian language spoken in East Timor, was until 1999 primarily an oral langu... more Tetun Dili, an Austronesian language spoken in East Timor, was until 1999 primarily an oral language of intercultural communication. Since the 1999 vote on independence from Indonesia, Tetun Dili has become the dominant language of public life, including the government, education and the media, as well as becoming an official language alongside Portuguese, a former colonial language. The rapidly evolving press register of Tetun shows significant impact from language contact. Portuguese influence is seen primarily in extensive lexical borrowing, brought in by the Portuguese-educated elite as well as by translators and writers. Indonesian influence is seen in several calques for expressing anaphora, brought in by Indonesian-educated writers, and an adversative passive. Other new constructions, including a more general passive and final quote margins, have come about through the combined influence of Portuguese, Indonesian and English, the last as a source language for much literal tra...
La plupart des langues austronesiennes ont ete influencees par des siecles de contact avec le cas... more La plupart des langues austronesiennes ont ete influencees par des siecles de contact avec le castillan et le portugais. L'A. analyse cette influence au niveau morphologique dans le cas de la langue teton ou le suffixe portugais -dor est utilise aussi bien avec des racines lexicales d'origine locale (ex: mamador) qu'avec des racines lexicales empruntees au portugais (ex: administrador). Ce phenomene de productivite du suffixe -dor semble etre unique dans les langues austronesiennes : aucun autre cas n'est repertorie dans les autres langues austronesiennes influencees par le castillan et le portugais (tagalog, chamorro)
Tetun, the main lingua franca of East Timor, has undergone a rapid expansion in role over the las... more Tetun, the main lingua franca of East Timor, has undergone a rapid expansion in role over the last two decades, becoming the language of the Catholic mass in 1981, and taking on a much increased role in media and public life since East Timor’s separation from Indonesian rule in 1999. Such expansion can be expected to continue, as Tetun has, along with Portuguese (the colonial language up to 1975), been selected as an official language for the nation when it achieves full independence in May 2002.
Speakers of Tetun Dili, in Timor-Leste, commonly use three sets of numerals, namely native Tetun ... more Speakers of Tetun Dili, in Timor-Leste, commonly use three sets of numerals, namely native Tetun as well as numerals from the languages of the two former colonial powers, Portuguese and Indonesian. Tetun numerals can modify nouns from any language, within native Tetun constructions. In contrast, borrowed numerals modify only nouns from the same source language, using source language order. Functional and sociolinguistic differences were sought based on an extensive corpus of texts as well as two surveys of numeral use. The choice of numeral language is complex. Contributing factors include the language of the head noun for attributive adjectives, the size of the number, the topic, and sociolinguistic factors such as formality, lectal type, and language of education of the speaker and of the preceding generation. Tetun numerals are primarily used for small numbers within traditional contexts, while Indonesian and Portuguese vie for position for larger numbers and modern contexts.
This glossary of electoral terms contains terms in Tetun, Portuguese, English and Indonesian, as ... more This glossary of electoral terms contains terms in Tetun, Portuguese, English and Indonesian, as well as explanations in Tetun. It was written by Catharina Williams-van Klinken in conjunction with Nuno Gomes, Fransisco Luis Fernandes and Bernardino Menezes,
This book is designed to teach study skills and Tetun writing to second-semester university stude... more This book is designed to teach study skills and Tetun writing to second-semester university students. Chapters cover writing descriptions, reports and procedures, using paragraphs, critical thinking, doing job interviews, numbers, writing literature reviews and bibliographies, translation, and ways of translating passives into Tetun.
This book is designed to teach study skills and Tetun writing to first-semester university studen... more This book is designed to teach study skills and Tetun writing to first-semester university students. Chapters cover the history of Tetun, principles of spelling, goal-setting, formal and informal speech, showing time relationships between clauses, writing narratives, looking for information, taking notes from written and spoken texts, and writing summaries and descriptions.
This book, produced cooperatively by the Timor-Leste Police Development Program and Dili Institut... more This book, produced cooperatively by the Timor-Leste Police Development Program and Dili Institute of Technology, is designed to teach Tetun at intermediate level with special emphasis on policing and justice. It includes chapters on the structure of the government and the national police service PNTL, violence, arrest and detention, traffic, resolving problems within the extended family, interviewing, and search and seizure.
This glossary of computing terms has over 700 terms in Tetun, Portuguese, English and Indonesian.... more This glossary of computing terms has over 700 terms in Tetun, Portuguese, English and Indonesian. It is available in book form, as a PDF file, or can run as an interactive program downloadable from Google Playstore.
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It was written by Catharina Williams-van Klinken in conjunction with Nuno Gomes, Fransisco Luis Fernandes and Bernardino Menezes,