Cited By
View all- Vatjus-Anttila JKoskela TLappalainen THäkkilä J(2017)Simplification of 3D Graphics for Mobile Devices3D Research10.1007/s13319-016-0111-x8:1(1-29)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2017
A performance and energy evaluation of many-light rendering algorithms
Pages 1671 - 1681
Abstract
Recently, the performance of many-light algorithms, where thousands of light sources are used to compute the lighting in a scene, has improved so much that they have reached the realm of real-time rendering. In general, the algorithm that is considered "best" is the one that is the fastest in terms of time per frame. Given that power efficiency may become or already is one of the most important optimization factors for both hardware and software vendors for graphics, we take a different route and instead measure both energy usage per frame and frame time for a number of popular many-light rendering algorithms on an Intel Iris Pro. We use Pareto frontiers for each configuration to examine the possibilities for trade-offs between rendering time and energy consumption. Furthermore, we examine the optimal algorithms at each configuration, and are able to draw generalized conclusions on when each algorithm is most efficient. We also record several other statistics on the algorithms, e.g., bandwidth, and are able to draw further conclusions with regard to energy consumption.
References
[1]
Akeley, K.: Reality engine graphics. Proc ACM SIGGRAPH 1994, 109---116 (1993)
[2]
Andersson, J.: Parallel graphics in frostbite: current & future. In: Beyond Programmable Shading (SIGGRAPH course) (2009)
[3]
Balestra, C., Engstad, P.K.: The technology of uncharted: Drake's fortune. In: Game Developer's Conference (2008)
[4]
Burns, C.A., Hunt, W.A.: The visibility buffer: a cache-friendly approach to deferred shading. J. Comput. Gr. Tech. 2(2), 55---69 (2013)
[5]
Dachsbacher, C., Kr¿ivánek, J., Has¿an, M., Arbree, A., Walter, B., Novák, J.: Scalable realistic rendering with many-light methods. In: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, pp. 23---38 (2013)
[6]
Esmaeilzadeh, H., Blem, E.R., Amant, R.S., Sankaralingam, K., Burger, D.: Dark silicon and the end of multicore scaling. In: 38th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, pp. 365---376 (2011)
[7]
Fatahalian, K., Boulos, S., Hegarty, J., Akeley, K., Mark, W.R., Moreton, H., Hanrahan, P.: Reducing shading on GPUs using quad-fragment merging. ACM Trans. Gr. 29, 67:1---67:8 (2010)
[8]
Harada, T., McKee, J., Yang, C.J.: Forward+: bringing deferred lighting to the next level. In: Eurographics short papers, pp. 5---8 (2012)
[9]
Johnsson, B., Akenine-Möller, T.: Measuring per-frame energy consumption of real-time graphics applications. J. Comput. Gr. Tech. (JCGT) 3(1), 60---73 (2014)
[10]
Johnsson, B., Ganestam, P., Doggett, M., Akenine-Möller, T.: Power efficiency for software algorithms running on graphics processors. In: High Performance Graphics, pp. 67---75 (2012)
[11]
Keckler, S.W., Dally, W.J., Khailany, B., Garland, M., Glasco, D.: GPUs and the future of parallel computing. IEEE Micro 31(5), 7---17 (2011)
[12]
Keller, A.: Instant radiosity. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. SIGGRAPH '97, pp. 49---56. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., New York (1997)
[13]
Koduri, R.: "Power" of realtime 3D rendering. In: Beyond Programmable Shading (SIGGRAPH course) (2011)
[14]
Lauritzen, A.: Deferred rendering for current and future rendering pipelines. In: Beyond Programmable Shading (SIGGRAPH course) (2010)
[15]
Lauritzen, A.: Intersecting lights with pixels: reasoning about forward and deferred rendering. In: Beyond Programmable Shading (SIGGRAPH course) (2012)
[16]
Mochocki, B., Lahiri, K., Cadambi, S.: Power analysis of mobile 3D graphics. In: Design, Automation and Test in Europe, DATE '06, pp. 502---507 (2006)
[17]
Olsson, O., Assarsson, U.: Tiled shading. J. Gr. GPU Game Tools 15(4), 235---251 (2011)
[18]
Saito, T., Takahashi, T.: Comprehensible rendering of 3-D shapes. In: Computer Graphics (Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 90), pp. 197---206 (1990)
[19]
Shebanow, M.: An evolution of mobile graphics. In: Keynote talk at High Performance Graphics (2013)
[20]
Vatjus-Anttila, J.M., Koskela, T., Hickey, S.: Effect of 3D content simplification on mobile device energy consumption. In: International Conference on Making Sense of Converging Media, pp. 263:263---263:268. ACM (2013)
[21]
Walter, B., Alppay, G., Lafortune, E., Fernandez, S., Greenberg, D.P.: Fitting virtual lights for non-diffuse walkthroughs. Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH 1997, 45---48 (1997)
Recommendations
Error estimation for many-light rendering with supersampling
SA '18: SIGGRAPH Asia 2018 Technical BriefsMany-light rendering unifies the computation of various visual and illumination effects, which include anti-aliasing, depth of field, volumetric scattering, and subsurface scattering, into a simple direct illumination computation from many virtual point ...
A Parallel Architecture for Interactively Rendering Scattering and Refraction Effects
A new method for interactive rendering of complex lighting effects combines two algorithms. The first performs accurate ray tracing in heterogeneous refractive media to compute high-frequency phenomena. The second applies lattice-Boltzmann lighting to ...
Intermediate shadow maps for interactive many-light rendering
We present an efficient method for computing shadows for many light sources (e.g., 1024). Our work is based on the observation that conventional shadow mapping becomes redundant as the number of lights increases. First, we sample the scene with a ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
Copyright © Copyright © 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg
Publication History
Published: 01 December 2015
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Article
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- View Citations1Total Citations
- 0Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)0
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 04 Oct 2024
Other Metrics
Citations
Cited By
View all- Vatjus-Anttila JKoskela TLappalainen THäkkilä J(2017)Simplification of 3D Graphics for Mobile Devices3D Research10.1007/s13319-016-0111-x8:1(1-29)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2017
View Options
View options
Get Access
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in