Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
article

Formal modeling and analysis of resource management for cloud architectures: an industrial case study using Real-Time ABS

Published: 01 December 2014 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    We demonstrate by a case study of an industrial distributed system how performance, resource consumption, and deployment on the cloud can be formally modeled and analyzed using the abstract behavioral specification language Real-Time ABS. These non-functional aspects of the system are integrated with an existing formal model of the functional system behavior, achieving a separation of concerns between the functional and non-functional aspects in the integrated model. The resource costs associated with execution in the system depend on the size of local data structures, which evolve over time; we derive corresponding worst-case cost estimations by static analysis techniques and integrate them into our resource-sensitive model. The model is further parameterized with respect to deployment scenarios which capture different application-level management policies for virtualized resources. The model is validated against the existing system's performance characteristics and used to simulate, analyze, and compare deployment scenarios on the cloud.

    References

    [1]
    Agha GA (1986) ACTORS: a model of concurrent computations in distributed systems. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    [2]
    Albert E, Arenas P, Genaim S, Gómez-Zamalloa M, Puebla G (2011) Cost analysis of concurrent OO programs. In: The 9th Asian symposium on programming languages and systems (APLAS'11), LNCS, vol 7078. Springer, Berlin, pp 238---254
    [3]
    Albert E, Arenas P, Genaim S, Gómez-Zamalloa M, Puebla G (2012) COSTABS: a cost and termination analyzer for ABS. In: Kiselyov O, Thompson S (eds) Proceedings of the workshop on partial evaluation and program manipulation (PEPM'12). ACM, pp 151---154
    [4]
    Albert E, Arenas P, Genaim S, Puebla G, Zanardini D (2012) Cost analysis of object-oriented bytecode programs. TCS 413(1):142---159
    [5]
    Albert E, de Boer F, Hähnle R, Johnsen EB, Laneve C (2013) Engineering virtualized services. In: Babar MA, Dumas M (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd nordic symposium on cloud computing & internet technologies (NordiCloud'13). ACM, pp 59---63
    [6]
    Albert E, Bubel R, Genaim S, Hähnle R, Puebla G, Román-Díez G (2011) Verified resource guarantees using COSTA and KeY. In: ACM SIGPLAN workshop on partial evaluation and semantics-based program manipulation (PEPM'11). ACM Press
    [7]
    Albert E, Genaim S, Gómez-Zamalloa M, Johnsen EB, Schlatte R, Tapia Tarifa SL (2011) Simulating concurrent behaviors with worst-case cost bounds. In: Butler M, Schulte W (eds) FM 2011, LNCS, vol 6664. Springer, Berlin, pp 353---368
    [8]
    Albert E, Østvold BM, Rojas JM (2012) Automated extraction of abstract behavioural models from JMS applications. In: Formal methods for industrial critical systems (FMICS'12), LNCS, vol 7437. Springer, Berlin, pp 16---31
    [9]
    Amnell T, Fersman E, Mokrushin L, Pettersson P, Yi W (2003) TIMES: a tool for schedulability analysis and code generation of real-time systems. In: Larsen KG, Niebert P (eds) Proceeding of the first international workshop on formal modeling and analysis of timed systems (FORMATS 2003), LNCS, vol 2791. Springer, Berlin, pp 60---72
    [10]
    Armstrong J (2007) Programming Erlang: software for a concurrent world. Pragmatic Bookshelf (2007)
    [11]
    Bai X, Li M, Chen B, Tsai WT, Gao J (2011) Cloud testing tools. In: Gao JZ, Lu X, Younas M, Zhu H (eds) Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on service oriented system engineering (SOSE'11). IEEE, pp 1---12
    [12]
    Baier C, Haverkort BR, Hermanns H, Katoen JP (2010) Performance evaluation and model checking join forces. Commun ACM 53(9):76---85
    [13]
    Barbanera F, Bugliesi M, Dezani-Ciancaglini M, Sassone V (2007) Space-aware ambients and processes. TCS 373(1---2):41---69
    [14]
    Benoy F, King A (1997) Inferring argument size relationships with CLP(R). In: Proceedings of the LOPSTR'97, LNCS, vol 1207. Springer, Berlin, pp 204---223
    [15]
    BjØrk J, de Boer FS, Johnsen EB, Schlatte R, Tapia Tarifa SL (2012) User-defined schedulers for real-time concurrent objects. Innov Syst Softw Eng 9(1):29---43
    [16]
    Bohnenkamp HC, D'Argenio PR, Hermanns H, Katoen JP (2006) MODEST: a compositional modeling formalism for hard and softly timed systems. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 32(10):812---830
    [17]
    Bouyer P, Fahrenberg U, Larsen KG, Markey N (2011) Quantitative analysis of real-time systems using priced timed automata. Commun ACM 54(9):78---87
    [18]
    Bruno EJ, Bollella G (2009) Real-Time Java Programming: with Java RTS. Prentice Hall PTR, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
    [19]
    Buyya R, Yeo CS, Venugopal S, Broberg J, Brandic I (2009) Cloud computing and emerging IT platforms: vision, hype, and reality for delivering computing as the 5th utility. Future Gener Comput Syst 25(6):599---616
    [20]
    Calheiros RN, Netto MA, Rose CAD, Buyya R (2012) EMUSIM: an integrated emulation and simulation environment for modeling, evaluation, and validation of performance of cloud computing applications. Softw Pract Exp 43(5):595---612
    [21]
    Calheiros RN, Ranjan R, Beloglazov A, Rose CAFD, Buyya R (2011) CloudSim: a toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environments and evaluation of resource provisioning algorithms. Softw Pract Exp 41(1):23---50
    [22]
    Caromel D, Henrio L (2005) A theory of distributed objects. Springer, Berlin
    [23]
    Chander A, Espinosa D, Islam N, Lee P, Necula GC (2007) Enforcing resource bounds via static verification of dynamic checks. ACM ToPLaS 29(5), art no 28
    [24]
    de Boer FS, Hähnle R, Johnsen EB, Schlatte R, Wong PYH (2012) Formal modeling of resource management for cloud architectures: an industrial case study. In: Paoli FD, Pimentel E, Zavattaro G (eds) Proceedings of the European conference on service-oriented and cloud computing (ESOCC 2012), LNCS, vol 7592. Springer, Berlin, pp 91---106
    [25]
    Douglass BP (2004) Real Time UML--advances in the UML for Real-Time systems, 3rd edn. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA
    [26]
    ESOCC panel discussion (2012) Global management in service-oriented and cloud computing: challenges and open issues. In: European conference on service-oriented and cloud computing (ESSOC)
    [27]
    Foster H, Emmerich W, Kramer J, Magee J, Rosenblum DS, Uchitel S (2007) Model checking service compositions under resource constraints. In: Crnkovic I, Bertolino A (eds) Proceeding of the 6th joint meeting of the European software engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on foundations of software engineering (ESEC/FSE'07). ACM, pp 225---234
    [28]
    Gulwani S, Mehra KK, Chilimbi TM (2009) Speed: precise and efficient static estimation of program computational complexity. In: POPL. ACM, pp 127---139
    [29]
    Hoffmann J, Hofmann M (2010) Amortized resource analysis with polynomial potential. In: The 19th European symposium on programming (ESOP'10), LNCS, vol 6012. Springer, Berlin, pp 287---306
    [30]
    Johnsen EB, Hähnle R, Schäfer J, Schlatte R, Steffen M (2011) ABS: a core language for abstract behavioral specification. In: Aichernig B, de Boer FS, Bonsangue MM (eds) Proceeding of the 9th international symposium on formal methods for components and objects (FMCO 2010), LNCS, vol 6957. Springer, Berlin, pp 142---164
    [31]
    Johnsen EB, Owe O (2007) An asynchronous communication model for distributed concurrent objects. Softw Syst Model 6(1):35---58
    [32]
    Johnsen EB, Owe O, Schlatte R, Tapia Tarifa SL (2010) Dynamic resource reallocation between deployment components. In: Dong JS, Zhu H (eds) Proceedings of the international conference on formal engineering methods (ICFEM'10), LNCS, vol 6447. Springer, Berlin, pp 646---661
    [33]
    Johnsen EB, Owe O, Schlatte R, Tapia Tarifa SL (2011) Validating timed models of deployment components with parametric concurrency. In: Beckert, B Marché C (eds) Proceedings of the international conference on formal verification of Object-Oriented software (FoVeOOS'10), LNCS, vol 6528. Springer, Berlin, pp 46---60
    [34]
    Johnsen EB, Schlatte R, Tapia Tarifa SL (2012) Modeling resource-aware virtualized applications for the cloud in Real-Time ABS. In: Aoki T, Tagushi K (eds) Proceedings of the 14th international conference on formal engineering methods (ICFEM'12), LNCS, vol 7635. Springer, Berlin, pp 71---86
    [35]
    Kirner R, Puschner PP (2005) Classification of WCET analysis techniques. In: ISORC. IEEE Computer Society, pp 190---199
    [36]
    Kramer J (2007) Is abstraction the key to computing? Commun ACM 50(4):36---42
    [37]
    Larsen KG, Pettersson P, Yi W (1997) UPPAAL in a nutshell. Int J Softw Tools Technol Transf 1(1---2):134---152
    [38]
    Lee EA (2009) Computing needs time. Commun ACM 52(5):70---79
    [39]
    Moreau L, Queinnec C (2005) Resource aware programming. ACM ToPLaS 27(3):441---476
    [40]
    Netjes M, van der Aalst WM, Reijers HA (2005) Analysis of resource-constrained processes with Colored Petri Nets. In: Jensen K (ed) Proceedings of the sixth workshop on the practical use of coloured petri nets and CPN tools (CPN 2005), DAIMI, vol 576. University of Aarhus
    [41]
    Nuñez A, Vázquez-Poletti J, Caminero A, Castañé G, Carretero J, Llorente I (2012) iCanCloud: A flexible and scalable cloud infrastructure simulator. J Grid Comput 10:185---209
    [42]
    Petriu DB, Woodside CM (2007) An intermediate metamodel with scenarios and resources for generating performance models from UML designs. Softw Syst Model 6(2):163---184
    [43]
    Sgroi M, Lavagno L, Watanabe Y, Sangiovanni-Vincentelli A (1999) Synthesis of embedded software using free-choice Petri nets. In: Proceedings of the 36th ACM/IEEE design automation conference (DAC'99). ACM, pp 805---810
    [44]
    Verhoef M, Larsen PG, Hooman J (2006) Modeling and validating distributed embedded real-time systems with VDM++. In: Misra J, Nipkow T, Sekerinski E (eds) Proceedings of the 14th international symposium on formal methods (FM'06), LNCS, vol 4085. Springer, pp 147---162
    [45]
    Vulgarakis A, Seceleanu CC (2008) Embedded systems resources: views on modeling and analysis. In: Proceeding of the 32nd IEEE international computer software and applications conference (COMPSAC'08). IEEE Computer Society, pp 1321---1328
    [46]
    Wilhelm R, Engblom J, Ermedahl A, Holsti N, Thesing S, Whalley DB, Bernat G, Ferdinand C, Heckmann R, Mitra T, Mueller F, Puaut I, Puschner PP, Staschulat J, Stenström P (2008) The worst-case execution-time problem--overview of methods and survey of tools. ACM Trans Embed Comput Syst 7(3)
    [47]
    Wong PYH, Albert E, Muschevici R, Proença J, Schäfer J, Schlatte R (2012) The ABS tool suite: modelling, executing and analysing distributed adaptable object-oriented systems. Int J Softw Tools Technol Transf (STTT) 14(5):567---588
    [48]
    Wong PYH, Diakov N, Schaefer I (2012) Modelling distributed adaptable object oriented systems using HATS approach: a fredhopper case study (invited paper). In: 2nd international conference on formal verification of object-oriented software, LNCS, vol 7421. Springer, Berlin (2012)

    Cited By

    View all

    Index Terms

    1. Formal modeling and analysis of resource management for cloud architectures: an industrial case study using Real-Time ABS
      Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image Service Oriented Computing and Applications
      Service Oriented Computing and Applications  Volume 8, Issue 4
      December 2014
      80 pages

      Publisher

      Springer-Verlag

      Berlin, Heidelberg

      Publication History

      Published: 01 December 2014

      Author Tags

      1. Abstract behavioral specification
      2. Cloud computing
      3. Executable modeling
      4. Formal methods
      5. Hybrid validation
      6. Static analysis
      7. Virtualization
      8. Worst-case cost analysis

      Qualifiers

      • Article

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
      Reflects downloads up to 29 Jul 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2023)Deductive verification of active objects with Crowbar▪Science of Computer Programming10.1016/j.scico.2023.102928226:COnline publication date: 1-Mar-2023
      • (2023)Predicting resource consumption of Kubernetes container systems using resource modelsJournal of Systems and Software10.1016/j.jss.2023.111750203:COnline publication date: 13-Jul-2023
      • (2022)The ABS simulator toolchainScience of Computer Programming10.1016/j.scico.2022.102861223:COnline publication date: 1-Nov-2022
      • (2021)From post-conditions to post-region invariantsProceedings of the 24th International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control10.1145/3447928.3456633(1-11)Online publication date: 19-May-2021
      • (2021)A model-based approach for formal verification and performance analysis of dynamic load-balancing protocols in cloud environmentCluster Computing10.1007/s10586-021-03305-424:4(2977-2994)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021
      • (2020)A component-based framework for certification of components in a cloud of HPC servicesScience of Computer Programming10.1016/j.scico.2019.102379191:COnline publication date: 1-Jun-2020
      • (2020)Assumption-Commitment Types for Resource Management in Virtually Timed AmbientsLeveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Verification Principles10.1007/978-3-030-61362-4_6(103-121)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2020
      • (2020)On Slicing Software Product Line SignaturesLeveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Verification Principles10.1007/978-3-030-61362-4_5(81-102)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2020
      • (2020)A Formal Model of the Kubernetes Container FrameworkLeveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Verification Principles10.1007/978-3-030-61362-4_32(558-577)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2020
      • (2020)Step-Wise Development of Provably Correct Actor SystemsLeveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Verification Principles10.1007/978-3-030-61362-4_25(426-448)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2020
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      View options

      Get Access

      Login options

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media