research-article

Pyramid: A Layered Sharding Blockchain System

Authors:

Wuhui ChenAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications

Pages 1 - 10

https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM42981.2021.9488747

Published: 10 May 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Sharding can significantly improve the blockchain scalability, by dividing nodes into small groups called shards that can handle transactions in parallel. However, all existing sharding systems adopt complete sharding, i.e., shards are isolated. It raises additional overhead to guarantee the atomicity and consistency of cross-shard transactions and seriously degrades the sharding performance. In this paper, we present Pyramid, the first layered sharding blockchain system, in which some shards can store the full records of multiple shards thus the cross-shard transactions can be processed and validated in these shards internally. When committing cross-shard transactions, to achieve consistency among the related shards, a layered sharding consensus based on the collaboration among several shards is presented. Compared with complete sharding in which each cross-shard transaction is split into multiple sub-transactions and cost multiple consensus rounds to commit, the layered sharding consensus can commit cross-shard transactions in one round. Furthermore, the security, scalability, and performance of layered sharding with different sharding structures are theoretically analyzed. Finally, we implement a prototype for Pyramid and its evaluation results illustrate that compared with the state-of-the-art complete sharding systems, Pyramid can improve the transaction throughput by 2.95 times in a system with 17 shards and 3500 nodes.

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Cited By

Xu MGuo YLiu CHu QYu DXiong ZNiyato DCheng X(2024)Exploring Blockchain Technology through a Modular Lens: A SurveyACM Computing Surveys10.1145/365728856:9(1-39)Online publication date: 11-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3657288
Li PSong MXing MXiao ZDing QGuan SLong JChua TNgo CKa-Wei Lee RKumar RLauw H(2024)SPRING: Improving the Throughput of Sharding Blockchain via Deep Reinforcement Learning Based State PlacementProceedings of the ACM Web Conference 202410.1145/3589334.3645386(2836-2846)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3589334.3645386
Sun NLi JLiu YArya V(2023)A Scalable Sharding Protocol Based on Cross-Shard Dynamic Transaction Confirmation for Alliance Chain in Intelligent SystemsInternational Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems10.4018/IJSWIS.33306319:1(1-30)Online publication date: 7-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.4018/IJSWIS.333063
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IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications

May 2021

2503 pages

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Published: 10 May 2021

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Cited By

Xu MGuo YLiu CHu QYu DXiong ZNiyato DCheng X(2024)Exploring Blockchain Technology through a Modular Lens: A SurveyACM Computing Surveys10.1145/365728856:9(1-39)Online publication date: 11-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3657288
Li PSong MXing MXiao ZDing QGuan SLong JChua TNgo CKa-Wei Lee RKumar RLauw H(2024)SPRING: Improving the Throughput of Sharding Blockchain via Deep Reinforcement Learning Based State PlacementProceedings of the ACM Web Conference 202410.1145/3589334.3645386(2836-2846)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3589334.3645386
Sun NLi JLiu YArya V(2023)A Scalable Sharding Protocol Based on Cross-Shard Dynamic Transaction Confirmation for Alliance Chain in Intelligent SystemsInternational Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems10.4018/IJSWIS.33306319:1(1-30)Online publication date: 7-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.4018/IJSWIS.333063
Hong ZGuo SZhou EChen WHuang HZomaya A(2023)GriDB: Scaling Blockchain Database via Sharding and Off-Chain Cross-Shard MechanismProceedings of the VLDB Endowment10.14778/3587136.358714316:7(1685-1698)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.14778/3587136.3587143
Xu JWang CJia X(2023)A Survey of Blockchain Consensus ProtocolsACM Computing Surveys10.1145/357984555:13s(1-35)Online publication date: 13-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579845
Wang HZhang WYang YHu LHu D(2022)MC Sharding: An Efficient Blockchain Sharding Based on Minimum CutProceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Big Data, IoT, and Cloud Computing10.1145/3588340.3588367(1-4)Online publication date: 2-Dec-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3588340.3588367
Tang HQiao YYang FCai BGao R(2022)dMOBAsComputer Communications10.1016/j.comcom.2022.06.029193:C(10-22)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.06.029

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