Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
article

A physically-based motion retargeting filter

Published: 01 January 2005 Publication History

Abstract

This article presents a novel constraint-based motion editing technique. On the basis of animator-specified kinematic and dynamic constraints, the method converts a given captured or animated motion to a physically plausible motion. In contrast to previous methods using spacetime optimization, we cast the motion editing problem as a constrained state estimation problem, based on the per-frame Kalman filter framework. The method works as a filter that sequentially scans the input motion to produce a stream of output motion frames at a stable interactive rate. Animators can tune several filter parameters to adjust to different motions, turn the constraints on or off based on their contributions to the final result, or provide a rough sketch (kinematic hint) as an effective way of producing the desired motion. Experiments on various systems show that the technique processes the motions of a human with 54 degrees of freedom, at about 150 fps when only kinematic constraints are applied, and at about 10 fps when both kinematic and dynamic constraints are applied. Experiments on various types of motion show that the proposed method produces remarkably realistic animations.

References

[1]
Choi, K. and Ko, H. 2000. On-line motion retargetting. J. Visualiza. Comput. Anim. 11, 5, 223--235.
[2]
Cohen, M. F. 1992. Interactive spacetime constraint for animation. In Comput. Graphics (Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 92) 26, 2, ACM, 293--302.
[3]
Craig, J. J. 1989. Introduction to Robotics. Addison-Wesley.
[4]
Dasgupta, A. and Nakamura, Y. 1999. Making feasible walking motion of humanoid robots from human motion capture data. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Vol. 2. 1044--1049.
[5]
Faloutsos, P., van de Panne, M., and Terzopoulos, D. 2001. Composable controllers for physics-based character animation. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2001. Computer Graphics Proceedings. ACM Press. 251--260.
[6]
Fang, A. C. and Pollard, N. S. 2003. Efficient synthesis of physically valid human motion. ACM Trans. Graph. 22, 3, 417--426.
[7]
Geeter, J. D., Brussel, H. V., and Schutter, J. D. 1997. A smoothly constrained kalman filter. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 1171--1177.
[8]
Gleicher, M. 1997. Motion editing with spacetime constraints. In Proceedings of the 1997 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics.
[9]
Gleicher, M. 1998. Retargetting motion to new characters. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 98. Computer Graphics Proceedings. ACM Press. 33--42.
[10]
Gleicher, M. 2001. Comparing constraint-based motion editing methods. Graphical Models 63, 2, 107--134.
[11]
Julier, S. J. and Uhlmann, J. K. 1997. A new extension of the kalman filter to nonlinear systems. In Proceedings of AeroSense: The 11th International Symposium on Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation and Controls.
[12]
Ko, H. and Badler, N. I. 1996. Animating human locomotion in real-time using inverse dynamics, balance and comfort control. IEEE Comput. Graph. Applic. 16, 2, 50--59.
[13]
Komura, T., Shinagawa, Y., and Kunii, T. L. 1999. Calculation and visualization of the dynamic ability of the human body. J. Visualiz. Comput. Anim. 10, 57--78.
[14]
Lee, J. and Shin, S. Y. 1999. A hierarchical approach to interactive motion editing for human-like figures. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 99. Computer Graphics Proceedings. ACM Press. 39--48.
[15]
Lee, P., Wei, S., Zhao, J., and Badler, N. I. 1990. Stregth guided motion. In Comput. Graph. (Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 90). 24, 3. ACM, 253--262.
[16]
Liu, C. K. and Popović, Z. 2002. Synthesis of complex dynamic character motion from simple animations. ACM Trans. Graph. 21, 3, 408--416.
[17]
Liu, Z., Gortler, S. J., and Cohen, M. F. 1994. Hierarchical spacetime control. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 94. Computer Graphics Proceedings. ACM Press. 35--42.
[18]
Maybeck, P. S. 1979. Stochastic Models, Estimation, and Control. Vol. 1. Academic Press, Inc.
[19]
Oshita, M. and Makinouchi, A. 2001. A dynamic motion control technique for human-like articulated figures. In Proceedings of Eurographics 2001.
[20]
Pollard, N. S. and Behmaram-Mosavat, F. 2000. Force-based motion editing for locomotion tasks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Vol. 1. 663--669.
[21]
Popović, Z. and Witkin, A. 1999. Physically based motion transformation. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 99. Computer Graphics Proceedings. ACM Press. 11--20.
[22]
Rose, C., Guenter, B., Bodenheimer, B., and Cohen, M. F. 1996. Efficient generation of motion transitions using spacetime constraints. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 96. Computer Graphics Proceedings. ACM Press. 147--154.
[23]
Shabana, A. A. 1994. Computational Dynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[24]
Shin, H. J., Kovar, L., and Gleicher, M. 2003. Physical touch-up of human motions. In Proceedings of Pacific Graphics 2003.
[25]
Shin, H. J., Lee, J., Shin, S. Y., and Gleicher, M. 2001. Computer puppetry: An importance-based approach. ACM Trans. Graph. 20, 2, 67--94.
[26]
Simon, D. and Chia, T. 2002. Kalman filtering with state equality constraints. IEEE Trans. Aeros. Electr. Syst. 39, 128--136.
[27]
Sugihara, T., Nakamura, Y., and Inoue, H. 2002. Realtime humanoid motion generation through zmp manipulation based on inverted pendulum control. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Vol. 2. 1404--1409.
[28]
Tak, S., Song, O., and Ko, H. 2000. Motion balance filtering. Comput. Graph. For. (Eurographics 2000) 19, 3, 437--446.
[29]
Tak, S., Song, O., and Ko, H. 2002. Spacetime sweeping: An interactive dynamic constraints solver. In Proceedings of Computer Animation 2002. 261--270.
[30]
van der Merwe, R. and Wan, E. A. 2001. The squre-root unscented kalman filter for state and parameter-estimation. In Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.
[31]
Van de Panne, M. 1996. Parameterized gait synthesis. IEEE Comput. Graph. Applica. 16, 2, 40--49.
[32]
Vukobratović, M., Borovac, B., Surla, D., and Stokić, D. 1990. Biped Locomotion: Dynamics, Stability, Control and Application. Springer Verlag.
[33]
Wan, E. A. and van der Merwe, R. 2000. The unscented kalman filter for nonlinear estimation. In Proceedings of Symposium 2000 on Adaptive Systems for Signal Processing, Communication and Control.
[34]
Wan, E. A. and van der Merwe, R. 2001. Kalman Filtering and Neural Networks (Chapter 7. The Unscented Kalman Filter). John Wiley & Sons.
[35]
Welch, G. and Bishop, G. 2001. An introduction to the kalman filter. ACM SIGGRAPH 2001 Course Notes.
[36]
Winter, D. A. 1990. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. John-Wiley, New York.
[37]
Witkin, A. and Kass, M. 1988. Spacetime constraints. In Comput. Graph. (Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 88). 22, 4. ACM, 159--168.
[38]
Yamane, K. and Nakamura, Y. 2000. Dynamics filter: Concept and implementation of online motion generator for human figures. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Vol. 1. 688--694.
[39]
Yamane, K. and Nakamura, Y. 2003. Dynamics filter---concept and implementation of online motion generator for human figures. IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. 19, 3, 421--432.
[40]
Zordan, V. B. and Hodgins, J. K. 2002. Motion capture-driven simulations that hit and react. In 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation. 89--96.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Pose-Aware Attention Network for Flexible Motion Retargeting by Body PartIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.327791830:8(4792-4808)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2024
  • (2024)A Modular Neural Motion Retargeting System Decoupling Skeleton and Shape PerceptionIEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence10.1109/TPAMI.2024.338677746:10(6889-6904)Online publication date: Oct-2024
  • (2024)A Review of Depth-Based Human Motion Enhancement: Past and PresentIEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics10.1109/JBHI.2023.325766228:2(633-644)Online publication date: Feb-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 24, Issue 1
January 2005
179 pages
ISSN:0730-0301
EISSN:1557-7368
DOI:10.1145/1037957
Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 January 2005
Published in TOG Volume 24, Issue 1

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Motion retargeting
  2. animation w/constraints
  3. physically based animation

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)68
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)8
Reflects downloads up to 02 Sep 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Pose-Aware Attention Network for Flexible Motion Retargeting by Body PartIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.327791830:8(4792-4808)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2024
  • (2024)A Modular Neural Motion Retargeting System Decoupling Skeleton and Shape PerceptionIEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence10.1109/TPAMI.2024.338677746:10(6889-6904)Online publication date: Oct-2024
  • (2024)A Review of Depth-Based Human Motion Enhancement: Past and PresentIEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics10.1109/JBHI.2023.325766228:2(633-644)Online publication date: Feb-2024
  • (2024)Correspondence-Free Online Human Motion Retargeting2024 International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV)10.1109/3DV62453.2024.00032(707-716)Online publication date: 18-Mar-2024
  • (2024)Digitizing traditional dances under extreme clothing: The case study of EyoJournal of Cultural Heritage10.1016/j.culher.2024.02.01167(145-157)Online publication date: May-2024
  • (2023)Video-Based Motion Retargeting Framework between Characters with Various Skeleton StructureProceedings of the 16th ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion, Interaction and Games10.1145/3623264.3624473(1-6)Online publication date: 15-Nov-2023
  • (2023)ACE: Adversarial Correspondence Embedding for Cross Morphology Motion Retargeting from Human to Nonhuman CharactersSIGGRAPH Asia 2023 Conference Papers10.1145/3610548.3618255(1-11)Online publication date: 10-Dec-2023
  • (2023)SAME: Skeleton-Agnostic Motion Embedding for Character AnimationSIGGRAPH Asia 2023 Conference Papers10.1145/3610548.3618206(1-11)Online publication date: 10-Dec-2023
  • (2023)Semantics2Hands: Transferring Hand Motion Semantics between AvatarsProceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia10.1145/3581783.3612703(9282-9290)Online publication date: 26-Oct-2023
  • (2023)Simplified Physical Model‐based Balance‐preserving Motion Re‐targeting for Physical SimulationComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1499643:1Online publication date: 11-Dec-2023
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media