Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/1176887.1176927acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesesweekConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Incremental schedulability analysis of hierarchical real-time components

Published: 22 October 2006 Publication History

Abstract

Embedded systems are complex as a whole but consist of smaller independent modules minimally interacting with each other. This structure makes embedded systems amenable to compositional system design. Compositional design of real-time embedded systems can be done using hierarchical systems which consist of real-time components arranged in a scheduling hierarchy. Each component consists of a real-time workload and a scheduling policy for the workload. To simplify schedulability analysis of hierarchical systems, analysis can be done compositionally using interfaces that abstract the timing requirements of components. Associative composition will facilitate analysis of systems in which components are modified on the fly. In this paper, we propose efficient algorithms to abstract the resource requirements of components in the form of periodic resource models. Each component interface consists of a set of periodic resource models for different values of period, which allows the selection of a periodic interface that minimizes the collective real-time requirements of hierarchical components. We also describe an interface composition algorithm which accounts for context switch overheads incurred by components and is associative.

References

[1]
L. Almeida and P. Pedreiras. Scheduling within temporal partitions: response-time analysis and server design.In Proc. of the Fourth ACM International Conference on Embedded Software September 2004.
[2]
H. Aydin, R. Melhem, D. Mosse, and P. M. Alvarez. Power-aware scheduling for periodic real-time tasks. IEEE Transactions on Computers 53(5): 584--600, 2004.
[3]
Hakan Aydin, Rami Melhem, Daniel Mosse, and Pedro Mejia-Alvarez. Determining optimal processor speeds for periodic real-time tasks with different power characteristics. In 13th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS'01) page 225, 2001.
[4]
R. I. Davisand A. Burns. Hierarchical fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium December 2005.
[5]
L. de Alfaro and T. A. Henzinger. Interface automata. In Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering ACM Press, 2001.
[6]
L. de Alfaro and T. A. Henzinger. Interface theories for component-based design. In Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Embedded Software pages pp. 148--165. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2211, Springer-Verlag, 2001.
[7]
Z. Deng and J. W.-S. Liu. Scheduling real-time applications in an open environment. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium pages 308--319, December 1997.
[8]
Arvind Easwaran, Insik Shin, Insup Lee, and Oleg Sokolsky. Associative composition of hierarchical real-time systems. Technical Report MS-CIS-06-06, University of Pennsylvania, 2006.
[9]
Arvind Easwaran, Insik Shin, Insup Lee, and Oleg Sokolsky. Bounding preemptions under EDF and RM schedulers. Technical Report MS-CIS-06-07, University of Pennsylvania, 2006.
[10]
X. Feng and A. Mok. A model of hierarchical real-time virtual resources. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium pages 26--35,December 2002.
[11]
T. A. Henzinger, B. Horowitz, and C. M. Kirsch. Giotto: A time-triggered language for embedded programming. Proceedings of IEEE 91: 84--99, 2003.
[12]
T. A. Henzinger and S. Matic. An interface algebra for real-time components. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium pages 253--263, April 2006.
[13]
T.-W. Kuo and C. H. Li. A fixed-priority-driven open environment for real-time applications. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium pages 256--267, December 1999.
[14]
G. Lipari and S. Baruah. Efficient scheduling of real-time multi-task applications in dynamic systems. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium pages 166--175, May 2000.
[15]
G. Lipari and E. Bini. Resource partitioning among real-time applications. In Proc. of Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems July 2003.
[16]
G. Lipari, J. Carpenter, and S. Baruah. A framework for achieving inter-application isolation in multiprogrammed hard-real-time environments. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium December 2000.
[17]
C. L. Liu and J. W. Layland. Scheduling algorithms for multi-programming in a hard-real-time environment. Journal of the ACM 20(1): 46--61, 1973.
[18]
Mathworks. Models with multiple sample rates. In Real-Time Workshop User Guide pages 1--34, The MathWorks Inc, 2005.
[19]
S. Matic and T. A. Henzinger. Trading end-to-end latency for composability. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium pages 99--110, December 2005.
[20]
A. Mok, X. Feng, and D. Chen. Resource partition for real-time systems. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium pages 75--84, May 2001.
[21]
S. Saewong and R. Rajkumar. Practical voltage-scaling for fixed-priority RT-systems. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium pages 106--115, May 2003.
[22]
S. Saewong, R. Rajkumar, J. P. Lehoczky, and M. H. Klein. Analysis of hierarchical fixed-priority scheduling.In Proc. of Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems June 2002.
[23]
I. Shin and I. Lee. Periodic resource model for compositional real-time guarantees. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium pages 2--13, December 2003.
[24]
I. Shin and I. Lee. Compositional real-time scheduling framework. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium December 2004.
[25]
E. Wandeler and L. Thiele. Real-time interface for interface-based design of real-time systems with fixed priority scheduling. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'05) pages 80--89, October 2005.
[26]
E. Wandeler and L. Thiele. Interface-based design of real-time systems with hierarchical scheduling. In Proc. of IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium pages 243--252, April 2006.

Cited By

View all
  • (2018)Timing analysis for UAS application software2018 IEEE Aerospace Conference10.1109/AERO.2018.8396657(1-10)Online publication date: Mar-2018
  • (2016)Overloads in compositional embedded real-time control systemsProceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping: Shortening the Path from Specification to Prototype10.1145/2990299.2990309(51-57)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016
  • (2016)Best-Harmonically-Fit Periodic Task Assignment Algorithm on Multiple Periodic ResourcesIEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems10.1109/TPDS.2015.243737927:5(1303-1315)Online publication date: 1-May-2016
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
EMSOFT '06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM & IEEE International conference on Embedded software
October 2006
346 pages
ISBN:1595935428
DOI:10.1145/1176887
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 22 October 2006

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. associative real-time interfaces
  2. compositional schedulability analysis
  3. hierarchical scheduling
  4. incremental schedulability analysis

Qualifiers

  • Article

Conference

ESWEEK06
ESWEEK06: Second Embedded Systems Week 2006
October 22 - 25, 2006
Seoul, Korea

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 60 of 203 submissions, 30%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)2
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 16 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2018)Timing analysis for UAS application software2018 IEEE Aerospace Conference10.1109/AERO.2018.8396657(1-10)Online publication date: Mar-2018
  • (2016)Overloads in compositional embedded real-time control systemsProceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping: Shortening the Path from Specification to Prototype10.1145/2990299.2990309(51-57)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016
  • (2016)Best-Harmonically-Fit Periodic Task Assignment Algorithm on Multiple Periodic ResourcesIEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems10.1109/TPDS.2015.243737927:5(1303-1315)Online publication date: 1-May-2016
  • (2015)A Probabilistic Calculus for Probabilistic Real-Time SystemsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/271711314:3(1-30)Online publication date: 30-Apr-2015
  • (2015)Designing network servers within a hierarchical scheduling frameworkProceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing10.1145/2695664.2695919(653-658)Online publication date: 13-Apr-2015
  • (2015)Integrated Analysis of Temporal Behavior of Component-Based Distributed Real-Time Embedded SystemsProceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing Workshops10.1109/ISORCW.2015.56(50-57)Online publication date: 13-Apr-2015
  • (2014)Policy-based message scheduling using FlexRayProceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis10.1145/2656075.2656094(1-10)Online publication date: 12-Oct-2014
  • (2014)Overhead-aware temporal partitioning on multicore processors2014 IEEE 19th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)10.1109/RTAS.2014.6926007(251-262)Online publication date: Apr-2014
  • (2012)Modeling uncertainties in safety-critical real-time systems: A probabilistic component-based analysis7th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES'12)10.1109/SIES.2012.6356582(166-175)Online publication date: Jun-2012
  • (2012)Synchronous interface theories and time triggered schedulingProceedings of the 14th joint IFIP WG 6.1 international conference and Proceedings of the 32nd IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems10.1007/978-3-642-30793-5_13(203-218)Online publication date: 13-Jun-2012
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media