research-article

Open access

Triple-Parity RAID and Beyond: As hard-drive capacities continue to outpace their throughput, the time has come for a new level of RAID.

Author:

Adam LeventhalAuthors Info & Claims

Queue, Volume 7, Issue 11

Pages 30 - 39

https://doi.org/10.1145/1661785.1670144

Published: 01 December 2009 Publication History

All formats PDF

Abstract

How much longer will current RAID techniques persevere? The RAID levels were codified in the late 1980s; double-parity RAID, known as RAID-6, is the current standard for high-availability, space-efficient storage. The incredible growth of hard-drive capacities, however, could impose serious limitations on the reliability even of RAID-6 systems. Recent trends in hard drives show that triple-parity RAID must soon become pervasive. In 2005, Scientific American reported on Kryder’s law, which predicts that hard-drive density will double annually. While the rate of doubling has not quite maintained that pace, it has been close.

References

[1]

Berriman, E., Feresten, P., Kung, S. 2006. NetApp RAID-DP: Dual-parity RAID-6 protection without compromise; http://media.netapp.com/documents/netapp-raid-dp.pdf.

Google Scholar

[2]

Blaum, M., Brady, J., Bruck, J., Menon, J. 1994. EVENODD: an optimal scheme for tolerating double disk failures in RAID architectures. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Architecture: 245-254; http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/191995.192033.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[3]

Chen, P., Lee, E., Patterson, D., Gibson, G., Katz, R. 1993. RAID: High-performance, reliable secondary storage. Technical Report CSD 93-778; http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=893811.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[4]

Corbett, P., English, B., Goel, A., Grcanac, T., Kleiman, S., Leong, J., Sankar, S. 2004. Row-diagonal parity for double disk failure correction. Proceedings of the 3rd Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies: 1-14; http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1096673.1096677.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[5]

Elerath, J. 2007. Hard-disk drives: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Queue 5(6): 28-37; http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1317394.1317403.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[6]

Gray, J. Fitzgerald, B. 2007. Flash Disk Opportunity for Server-Applications. Microsoft Research; http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gray/papers/FlashDiskPublic.doc.

Google Scholar

[7]

Hitz, D. 2006. Why "Double Protecting RAID" (RAID-DP) doesn't waste extra disk space; http://blogs.netapp.com/dave/2006/05/why_double_prot.html.

Google Scholar

[8]

Leventhal, A. 2008. Flash storage today. Queue 6(4): 24-30; http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1413254.1413262.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[9]

Patterson, D., Gibson, G., Katz, R. 1988. A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID). Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data: 109-116; http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/50202.50214.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[10]

Plank, J. 1996. A tutorial on Reed-Solomon coding for fault-tolerance in RAID-like systems. Technical Report UT-CS-96-332; http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=898928.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[11]

Walter, C. 2005. Kryder's law. Scientific American (August); http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=kryders-law.

Google Scholar

Cited By

View all

(2022)BibliographyStorage Systems10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00023-1(641-693)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00023-1
Thomasian A(2022)Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks - RAIDStorage Systems10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00014-0(269-336)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00014-0
Wiktorski TWiktorski T(2019)IntroductionData-intensive Systems10.1007/978-3-030-04603-3_2(5-17)Online publication date: 2-Jan-2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04603-3_2
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Triple-Parity RAID and Beyond: As hard-drive capacities continue to outpace their throughput, the time has come for a new level of RAID.
1. General and reference
  1. Document types
    1. Surveys and overviews
2. Hardware
  1. Communication hardware, interfaces and storage
    1. External storage
  2. Integrated circuits
    1. Semiconductor memory
      1. Non-volatile memory

Recommendations

Triple-parity RAID and beyond
Amir Pnueli: Ahead of His Time

As hard-drive capacities continue to outpace their throughput, the time has come for a new level of RAID.
RAID triple parity

RAID triple parity (RTP) is a new algorithm for protecting against three-disk failures. It is an extension of the double failure correction Row-Diagonal Parity code. For any number of data disks, RTP uses only three parity disks. This is optimal with ...
A high-performance and endurable SSD cache for parity-based RAID

Solid-state drives (SSDs) have been widely used as caching tier for disk-based RAID systems to speed up data-intensive applications. However, traditional cache schemes fail to effectively boost the parity-based RAID storage systems (e.g., RAID-5/6), ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

Queue Volume 7, Issue 11

Development

December 2009

24 pages

ISSN:1542-7730

EISSN:1542-7749

DOI:10.1145/1661785

Issue’s Table of Contents

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 December 2009

Published in QUEUE Volume 7, Issue 11

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Research-article
Popular
Editor picked

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

13
Total Citations
View Citations
144,210
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)6,329
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)511

Reflects downloads up to 20 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

(2022)BibliographyStorage Systems10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00023-1(641-693)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00023-1
Thomasian A(2022)Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks - RAIDStorage Systems10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00014-0(269-336)Online publication date: 2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00014-0
Wiktorski TWiktorski T(2019)IntroductionData-intensive Systems10.1007/978-3-030-04603-3_2(5-17)Online publication date: 2-Jan-2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04603-3_2
Punekar MMalluhi QWang YDesmedt YAnjum ASill AZhao XFarid MPallickara SCao J(2017)Candidate MDS Array Codes for Tolerating Three Disk Failures in RAID-7 ArchitecturesProceedings of the Fourth IEEE/ACM International Conference on Big Data Computing, Applications and Technologies10.1145/3148055.3148056(33-42)Online publication date: 5-Dec-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3148055.3148056
AKUTSU HUEDA KCHIBA TKAWAGUCHI TSHIMOZONO N(2016)Reliability and Failure Impact Analysis of Distributed Storage Systems with Dynamic RefugingIEICE Transactions on Information and Systems10.1587/transinf.2016EDP7139E99.D:9(2259-2268)Online publication date: 2016
https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2016EDP7139
Grawinkel MNagel LBrinkmann A(2016)LoneStar RAIDACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/284081012:1(1-29)Online publication date: 7-Jan-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2840810
Mingzhu Deng Lingyu Zhu Xiao NChen ZLiu F(2015)X-code+: A compromised coding scheme with smaller rebuild window and load-balance2015 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT)10.1109/ICCSNT.2015.7490747(254-261)Online publication date: Dec-2015
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSNT.2015.7490747
Deng MOu YXiao NYu SChen WChen ZLiu F(2015)RAID-6PlusProceedings of the 9th Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference on Advances in Services Computing - Volume 946410.1007/978-3-319-26979-5_15(210-221)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-319-26979-5_15
Bayram URozier KRozier E(2015)Characterizing Data Dependence Constraints for Dynamic Reliability Using N-Queens Attack DomainsProceedings of the 12th International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems - Volume 925910.1007/978-3-319-22264-6_14(211-227)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-319-22264-6_14
Leventhal A(2013)A File System All Its OwnQueue10.1145/2460276.246363611:3(30-35)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2460276.2463636
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Magazine Site

View this article on the magazine site (external)

Magazine Site

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Abstract

References

Cited By

Index Terms

Recommendations