research-article

Conversational gaze mechanisms for humanlike robots

Authors:

Takayuki Kanda,

Jessica Hodgins,

Hiroshi IshiguroAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS), Volume 1, Issue 2

Article No.: 12, Pages 1 - 33

https://doi.org/10.1145/2070719.2070725

Published: 13 January 2012 Publication History

Abstract

During conversations, speakers employ a number of verbal and nonverbal mechanisms to establish who participates in the conversation, when, and in what capacity. Gaze cues and mechanisms are particularly instrumental in establishing the participant roles of interlocutors, managing speaker turns, and signaling discourse structure. If humanlike robots are to have fluent conversations with people, they will need to use these gaze mechanisms effectively. The current work investigates people's use of key conversational gaze mechanisms, how they might be designed for and implemented in humanlike robots, and whether these signals effectively shape human-robot conversations. We focus particularly on whether humanlike gaze mechanisms might help robots signal different participant roles, manage turn-exchanges, and shape how interlocutors perceive the robot and the conversation. The evaluation of these mechanisms involved 36 trials of three-party human-robot conversations. In these trials, the robot used gaze mechanisms to signal to its conversational partners their roles either of two addressees, an addressee and a bystander, or an addressee and a nonparticipant. Results showed that participants conformed to these intended roles 97% of the time. Their conversational roles affected their rapport with the robot, feelings of groupness with their conversational partners, and attention to the task.

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Haefflinger LElisei FVarini BBailly GGrollman DBroadbent EJu WSoh HWilliams T(2024)Probing the Inductive Biases of a Gaze Model for Multi-party InteractionCompanion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction10.1145/3610978.3640702(507-511)Online publication date: 11-Mar-2024
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Index Terms

Conversational gaze mechanisms for humanlike robots
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. HCI design and evaluation methods
  2. Interaction design
    1. Interaction design process and methods
      1. User centered design

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cover image ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems

ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems Volume 1, Issue 2

January 2012

157 pages

ISSN:2160-6455

EISSN:2160-6463

DOI:10.1145/2070719

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Publication History

Published: 13 January 2012

Accepted: 01 October 2011

Revised: 01 August 2011

Received: 01 December 2010

Published in TIIS Volume 1, Issue 2

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