Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/2983323.2983777acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagescikmConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Learning to Extract Conditional Knowledge for Question Answering using Dialogue

Published: 24 October 2016 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    Knowledge based question answering (KBQA) has attracted much attention from both academia and industry in the field of Artificial Intelligence. However, many existing knowledge bases (KBs) are built by static triples. It is hard to answer user questions with different conditions, which will lead to significant answer variances in questions with similar intent. In this work, we propose to extract conditional knowledge base (CKB) from user question-answer pairs for answering user questions with different conditions through dialogue. Given a subject, we first learn user question patterns and conditions. Then we propose an embedding based co-clustering algorithm to simultaneously group the patterns and conditions by leveraging the answers as supervisor information. After that, we extract the answers to questions conditioned on both question pattern clusters and condition clusters as a CKB. As a result, when users ask a question without clearly specifying the conditions, we use dialogues in natural language to chat with users for question specification and answer retrieval. Experiments on real question answering (QA) data show that the dialogue model using automatically extracted CKB can more accurately answer user questions and significantly improve user satisfaction for questions with missing conditions.

    References

    [1]
    J. Bao, N. Duan, M. Zhou, and T. Zhao. Knowledge-based question answering as machine translation. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the ACL, 2014.
    [2]
    J. Berant, A. Chou, R. Frostig, and P. Liang. Semantic parsing on freebase from question-answer pairs. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 1533--1544, 2013.
    [3]
    J. Berant and P. Liang. Semantic parsing via paraphrasing. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the ACL, 2014.
    [4]
    G. Bisson and F. Hussain. X-sim: a new similarity measure for the co-clustering task. In Proceedings of the 2008 Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning and Application-Volume(ICMLA), pages 211--217, 2008.
    [5]
    A. Bordes, J. Weston, and S. Chopra. Question answering with subgraph embeddings. In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2014.
    [6]
    A. Carlson, J. Betteridge, J. Kisiel, B. Settles, E. H. Jr, and T. Mitchell. Towards an architecture for never-ending language learning. In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2010.
    [7]
    A. Fader, L. Zettlemoyer, and O. Etzioni. Paraphrase-driven learning for open question answering. In Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pages 1608--1618, 2013.
    [8]
    A. Fader, L. Zettlemoyer, and O. Etzioni. Open question answering over curated and extracted knowledge bases. In Proceedings of the 20th conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (SIGKDD), pages 1156--1165, 2014.
    [9]
    D. Ferrucci, E. Brown, J. Chu-Carroll, J. Fan, D. Gondek, A. Kalyanpur, A. Lally, J. Murdock, E. Nyberg, J. Prager, N. Schlaefer, and C. Welty. Building watson: An overview of the deepqa project. In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2010.
    [10]
    J. R. Finkel, T. Grenager, and C. Manning. Incorporating non-local information into information extraction systems by gibbs sampling. Proceedings of the 43nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pages 363--370, 2005.
    [11]
    S. Gupta and C. Manning. Improved pattern learning for bootstrapped entity extraction. In Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL), pages 68--77, 2014.
    [12]
    S. Gupta and C. Manning. Spied: Stanford pattern-based information extraction and diagnostics. In Proceedings of the ACL 2014 Workshop on Interactive Language Learning, Visualization, and Interfaces (ACL-ILLVI), 2014.
    [13]
    X. Hao, X. Chang, and K. Liu. A rule-based chinese question answering system for reading comprehension test. In proceedings of IEEE third International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIHMS), pages 325--329, 2007.
    [14]
    D. Jurafsky and J. Martin. Speech and language processing. pearson international. 2009.
    [15]
    O. Kolomiyets and M. Moens. A survey on question answering technology from an information retrieval perspective. Information Sciences, 2011.
    [16]
    J. Lester, K. Branting, and B. Mott. Conversational agents. In Handbook of Internet Computing, 2004.
    [17]
    T. Mikolov, K. Chen, G. Corrado, and J. Dean. Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. In ICLR Workshop, 2013.
    [18]
    T. Mikolov, M. Krarafiat, L. Burget, J. Gernocky, and S. Khudanpur. Recurrent neural network based language model. In Proceedings of INTERSPEECH, pages 1045--1048, 2010.
    [19]
    T. Mikolov, I. Sutskever, K. Chen, G. Corrado, and J. Dean. Distributed representations of phrases and their compositionality. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pages 3111--3119, 2013.
    [20]
    T. Mitchell, W. Cohen, E. Hruschka, P. Talukdar, J. Betteridge, A. Carlson, B. Dalvi, M. Gardner, B. Kisiel, J. Krishnamurthy, N. Lao, K. Mazaitis, T. Mohamed, N. Nakashole, E. Platanios, A. Ritter, M. Samadi, B. Settles, R. Wang, D. Wijaya, A. Gupta, X. Chen, A. Saparov, M. Greaves, and J. Welling. Never-ending learning. In Proceedings of the 2015 National Conference on Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2015.
    [21]
    J. Moré, S. Climent, and M. Coll-Florit. An answering system for questions asked by students in an e-learning context. Universities and Knowledge Society Journal (RUSC), pages 229--239, 2012.
    [22]
    E. Riloff. Automatically generating extraction patterns from untagged text. In Proceedings of the 13th National Conference on Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pages 1044--1049, 1996.
    [23]
    L. Shang, Z. Lu, and H. Li. Neural responding machine for short-text conversation. In Proceedings of ACL, pages 1044--1049, 2015.
    [24]
    I. Sutskever, O. Vinyals, and Q. Le. Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2014.
    [25]
    J. Tang, M. Qu, M. Wang, M. Zhang, J. Yan, and Q. Mei. Line: Large-scale information network embedding. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW), pages 1044--1049, 2015.
    [26]
    K. Toutanova, D. Klein, C. Manning, and Y. Singer. Feature-rich part-of-speech tagging with a cyclic dependency network. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL, pages 252--259, 2003.
    [27]
    L. van der Maaten. Accelerating t-sne using tree-based algorithms. Journal of Machine Learning Research, pages 15(1):3221--3245, 2014.
    [28]
    O. Vinyals and Q. Le. A neural conversational model. In Proceeding of the 31st International Conference on Machine Learning, JMLR, 2015.
    [29]
    T. Will. Creating a dynamic speech dialogue. VDM Verlag Dt, 2007.
    [30]
    W. Wu, H. Li, H. Wang, and K. Zhu. Probase: A probabilistic taxonomy for text understanding. In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD), pages 481--492, 2013.
    [31]
    X. Yao and B. Durme. Information extraction over structured data: Question answering with freebase. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the ACL, 2014.

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Are my answers medically accurate? Exploiting medical knowledge graphs for medical question answeringApplied Intelligence10.1007/s10489-024-05282-854:2(2172-2187)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2024
    • (2021)A knowledge graph based question answering method for medical domainPeerJ Computer Science10.7717/peerj-cs.6677(e667)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2021
    • (2021)A Multi-semantic Knowledge Graph Construction Scheme Suitable for Intelligent Power Customer ServiceInternational Conference on Frontiers of Electronics, Information and Computation Technologies10.1145/3474198.3478153(1-7)Online publication date: 21-May-2021
    • Show More Cited By

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    CIKM '16: Proceedings of the 25th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management
    October 2016
    2566 pages
    ISBN:9781450340731
    DOI:10.1145/2983323
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 24 October 2016

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. conditional knowledge base
    2. dialogue
    3. knowledge based question answering

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    • NSFC
    • The National Key Research & Development Plan of China
    • GDSTP

    Conference

    CIKM'16
    Sponsor:
    CIKM'16: ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management
    October 24 - 28, 2016
    Indiana, Indianapolis, USA

    Acceptance Rates

    CIKM '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 160 of 701 submissions, 23%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 1,861 of 8,427 submissions, 22%

    Upcoming Conference

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)7
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
    Reflects downloads up to 11 Aug 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Are my answers medically accurate? Exploiting medical knowledge graphs for medical question answeringApplied Intelligence10.1007/s10489-024-05282-854:2(2172-2187)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2024
    • (2021)A knowledge graph based question answering method for medical domainPeerJ Computer Science10.7717/peerj-cs.6677(e667)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2021
    • (2021)A Multi-semantic Knowledge Graph Construction Scheme Suitable for Intelligent Power Customer ServiceInternational Conference on Frontiers of Electronics, Information and Computation Technologies10.1145/3474198.3478153(1-7)Online publication date: 21-May-2021
    • (2020)AIServiceX: A Knowledge Graph-Based Intelligent Question-Answering System for Personal ServicesServices – SERVICES 202010.1007/978-3-030-59595-1_7(85-92)Online publication date: 17-Sep-2020
    • (2020)Semantic Enhancement Based Dynamic Construction of Domain Knowledge GraphCognitive Computing – ICCC 202010.1007/978-3-030-59585-2_9(107-114)Online publication date: 14-Sep-2020
    • (2018)Review-Aware Answer Prediction for Product-Related Questions Incorporating AspectsProceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining10.1145/3159652.3159718(691-699)Online publication date: 2-Feb-2018
    • (2018)Conditional Relationship Extraction for Diseases and Symptoms by a Web Search-Based Approach2018 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI)10.1109/WI.2018.00-38(554-561)Online publication date: Dec-2018
    • (2017)Hierarchical RNN with Static Sentence-Level Attention for Text-Based Speaker Change DetectionProceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management10.1145/3132847.3133110(2203-2206)Online publication date: 6-Nov-2017
    • (2017)Movie Fill in the Blank with Adaptive Temporal Attention and Description UpdateProceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management10.1145/3132847.3132922(1039-1048)Online publication date: 6-Nov-2017

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media