Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article
Public Access

Authoring landscapes by combining ecosystem and terrain erosion simulation

Published: 20 July 2017 Publication History

Abstract

We introduce a novel framework for interactive landscape authoring that supports bi-directional feedback between erosion and vegetation simulation. Vegetation and terrain erosion have strong mutual impact and their interplay influences the overall realism of virtual scenes. Despite their importance, these complex interactions have been neglected in computer graphics. Our framework overcomes this by simulating the effect of a variety of geomorphological agents and the mutual interaction between different material and vegetation layers, including rock, sand, humus, grass, shrubs, and trees. Users are able to exploit these interactions with an authoring interface that consistently shapes the terrain and populates it with details. Our method, validated through side-by-side comparison with real terrains, can be used not only to generate realistic static landscapes, but also to follow the temporal evolution of a landscape over a few centuries.

Supplementary Material

ZIP File (a134-cordonnier.zip)
Supplemental files.
MP4 File (papers-0370.mp4)

References

[1]
Bedrich Benes, Michel Abdul-Massih, Philip Jarvis, Daniel G. Aliaga, and Carlos A. Vanegas. 2011. Urban ecosystem design. In Proc. of I3D. New York, NY, USA, 167--174.
[2]
Bedrich Benes, Nathan Andrysco, and Ondřej Št'ava. 2009. Interactive Modeling of Virtual Ecosystems. In Proceedings of Eurographics Workshop on Natural Phenomena. 9--16.
[3]
Bedrich Benes and Enrique David Espinosa. 2003. Modeling virtual ecosystems with the proactive guidance of agents. In Proc. of CASA. 126--131.
[4]
Bedrich Benes and Rafael Forsbach. 2001. Layered Data Representation for Visual Simulation of Terrain Erosion. In Proc. of SCCG, Vol. 25(4). IEEE Computer Society, 80--86.
[5]
Bedrich Benes and Rafael Forsbach. 2002. Visual Simulation of Hydraulic Erosion. In Proc. of the WSCG. 120--132.
[6]
Bedrich Benes, Václav Těšínský, Jan Hornyš, and Sanjiv K. Bhatia. 2006. Hydraulic erosion. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 17, 2 (2006), 99--108.
[7]
Jules Bloomenthal. 1985. Modeling the mighty maple. Proc. of Siggraph 19 (1985), 305--311.
[8]
Gwyneth A Bradbury, Kartic Subr, Charalampos Koniaris, Kenny Mitchell, and Tim Weyrich. 2015. Guided Ecological Simulation for Artistic Editing of Plant Distributions in Natural Scenes. Journal of Computer Graphics Techniques 4, 4 (Nov. 2015), 28--53.
[9]
Jean Braun and Malcolm Sambridge. 1997. Modelling landscape evolution on geological time scales: a new method based on irregular spatial discretization. Basin Research 9, 1 (1997), 27--52.
[10]
Brian Cade, James Terrell, and Richard Schroeder. 1999. Estimating effects of limiting factors with regression quantiles. Ecology 80, 1 (1999), 311--323.
[11]
Norishige Chiba, Kazunobu Muraoka, and Kunihiko Fujita. 1998. An Erosion Model Based on Velocity Fields for the Visual Simulation of Mountain Scenery. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation 9 (1998), 185--194.
[12]
Eugene Ch'Ng. 2013. Model resolution in complex systems simulation: Agent preferences, behavior, dynamics and n-tiered networks. Simulation 89, 5 (May 2013), 635--639.
[13]
Guillaume Cordonnier, Jean Braun, Marie-Paule Cani, Bedrich Benes, Eric Galin, Adrien Peytavie, and Guérin Eric. 2016. Large Scale Terrain Generation from Tectonic Uplift and Fluvial Erosion. Comp. Graph. Forum 35, 2 (2016), 165--175.
[14]
Alexander L Densmore, Michael A Ellis, and Robert S Anderson. 1998. Landsliding and the evolution of normal-fault-bounded mountains. Journal of geophysical research: solid earth 103, B7 (1998), 15203--15219.
[15]
Oliver Deussen, Pat Hanrahan, Bernd Lintermann, Radomír Měch, Matt Pharr, and Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz. 1998. Realistic Modeling and Rendering of Plant Ecosystems. In Proc. of Siggraph (SIGGRAPH '98). ACM, 275--286.
[16]
Oliver Deussen and Bernd Lintermann. 2006. Digital design of nature: computer generated plants and organics. Springer Science & Business Media.
[17]
Arnaud Emilien, Ulysse Vimont, Marie-Paule Cani, Pierre Poulin, and Bedrich Benes. 2015. WorldBrush: Interactive Example-based Synthesis of Procedural Virtual Worlds. ACM Trans. Graph. (2015).
[18]
Jonathan A. Foley, I. Colin Prentice, Navin Ramankutty, Samuel Levis, David Pollard, Steven Sitch, and Alex Haxeltine. 1996. An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes, terrestrial carbon balance, and vegetation dynamics. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 10, 4 (1996), 603--628.
[19]
Alain Fournier, Don Fussell, and Loren Carpenter. 1982. Computer rendering of stochastic models. Commun. ACM 25, 6 (1982), 371--384.
[20]
James Gain, Harry Long, Guillaume Cordonnier, and Marie-Paule Cani. 2017. EcoBrush: Interactive Control of Visually Consistent Large-Scale Ecosystems. Comp. Graph. Forum 36, 2 (2017), 105--116.
[21]
James Gain, Bruce Merry, and Patrick Marais. 2015. Parallel, Realistic and Controllable Terrain Synthesis. Comp. Graph. Forum 34, 2 (2015), 105--116.
[22]
Jean-David Génevaux, Eric Galin, Eric Guérin, Adrien Peytavie, and Bedrich Benes. 2013. Terrain Generation Using Procedural Models Based on Hydrology. ACM Trans. Graph. 32, 4, Article 143 (2013), 13 pages.
[23]
Jean-David Genevaux, Eric Galin, Adrien Peytavie, Eric Guérin, Cyril Briquet, François Grosbellet, and Bedrich Benes. 2015. Terrain Modelling from Feature Primitives. Comp. Graph. Forum 34, 6 (2015), 198--210.
[24]
Sabine Grunwald. 2016. Environmental soil-landscape modeling: Geographic information technologies and pedometrics. CRC Press.
[25]
Eric Guérin, Julie Digne, Adrien Peytavie, and Eric Galin. 2016. Sparse representation of terrains for procedural modeling. Comp. Graph. Forum 35, 2 (2016), 177--187.
[26]
Eric Guérin, Eric Galin, François Grosbellet, Adrien Peytavie, and Jean-David Geneveaux. 2016. Efficient modeling of entangled details for natural scenes. Comp. Graph. Forum 35, 7 (2016).
[27]
Steven I Higgins, William J Bond, Edmund C February, Andries Bronn, Douglas IW Euston-Brown, Beukes Enslin, Navashni Govender, Louise Rademan, Sean O'Regan, Andre LF Potgieter, and others. 2007. Effects of four decades of fire manipulation on woody vegetation structure in savanna. Ecology 88, 5 (2007), 1119--1125.
[28]
Alex D. Kelley, Michael C. Malin, and Gregory M. Nielson. 1988. Terrain simulation using a model of stream erosion. ACM Trans. on Graph. (1988), 263--268.
[29]
Jasper Knight and Stefan Grab. 2014. Lightning as a geomorphic agent on mountain summits: Evidence from southern Africa. Geomorphology 204 (2014), 61--70.
[30]
Peter Krištof, Bedrich Benes, Jaroslav Křivánek, and Ondřej Štava. 2009. Hydraulic Erosion Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Computer Graphics Forum 28, 2 (2009).
[31]
Brendan Lane and Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz. 2002. Generating spatial distributions for multilevel models of plant communities. In Proc. of Graphics Interface. 69--80.
[32]
Aristid Lindenmayer. 1968. Mathematical models for cellular interaction in development. Journal of Theoretical Biology Parts I and II, 18 (1968), 280--315.
[33]
Benoit B Mandelbrot and Roberto Pignoni. 1983. The Fractal Geometry of Nature. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.
[34]
Xing Mei, Philippe Decaudin, and Bao-Gang Hu. 2007. Fast Hydraulic Erosion Simulation and Visualization on GPU. In Proc. of Pacific Graphics.
[35]
F Kenton Musgrave, Craig E Kolb, and Robert S Mace. 1989. The synthesis and rendering of eroded fractal terrains. Proc. of Siggraph 23, 3 (1989), 41--50.
[36]
Mattia Natali, EM Lidal, J Parulek, I Viola, and D Patel. 2013. Modeling terrains and subsurface geology. Proc. of Eurogr. State of the Art Reports (2013), 155--173.
[37]
Benjamin Neidhold, Markus Wacker, and Oliver Deussen. 2005. Interactive physically based Fluid and Erosion Simulation. In Proceedings of the First Eurographics Conference on Natural Phenomena. 25--33.
[38]
Adrien Peytavie, Eric Galin, Jérôme Grosjean, and Stéphane Mérillou. 2009. Arches: a Framework for Modeling Complex Terrains. Comp. Graph. Forum 28, 2 (2009), 457--467.
[39]
I Colin Prentice, Martin T Sykes, and Wolfgang Cramer. 1993. A simulation model for the transient effects of climate change on forest landscapes. Ecological modelling 65, 1 (1993), 51--70.
[40]
Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and Mark Hammel. 1993. A Fractal Model of Mountains with Rivers. In Proc. of Graphics Interface, Vol. 30(4). 174--180.
[41]
Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and Aristid Lindenmayer. 1990. The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York.
[42]
Hisashi Sato, Akihiko Itoh, and Takashi Kohyama. 2007. SEIB-DGVM: A new Dynamic Global Vegetation Model using a spatially explicit individual-based approach. Ecological Modelling 200, 3--4 (2007), 279 -- 307.
[43]
Stephen Sitch, Benjamin Smith, I Colin Prentice, Almut Arneth, A Bondeau, W Cramer, JO Kaplan, Samuel Levis, W Lucht, M Thonicke Sykes, and others. 2003. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model. Global Change Biology 9, 2 (2003), 161--185.
[44]
Ruben M. Smelik, Tim Tutenel, Rafael Bidarra, and Bedrich Benes. 2014. A Survey on Procedural Modelling for Virtual Worlds. Comp. Graph. Forum 33, 6 (2014), 31--50.
[45]
Szymon Stachniak and Wolfgang Stuerzlinger. 2005. An Algorithm for Automated Fractal Terrain Deformation. In Proceedings of Computer Graphics and Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 1. 64--76.
[46]
Ondřej Št'ava, Bedrich Benes, Matthew Brisbin, and Jaroslav Křivánek. 2008. Interactive terrain modeling using hydraulic erosion. In Proceedings of the SCA. Eurographics Association, 201--210.
[47]
Juraj Vanek, Bedrich Benes, AdamHerout, and Ondrej Stava. 2011. Large-Scale Physics-Based Terrain Editing Using Adaptive Tiles on the GPU. Comp. Graph. and App., IEEE 31, 6 (2011), 35 --44.
[48]
Richard F Voss. 1985. Random fractal forgeries. In Fundamental algorithms for computer graphics. Springer, 805--835.
[49]
Shahram Yassemi, Suzana Dragićević, and Margaret Schmidt. 2008. Design and implementation of an integrated GIS-based cellular automata model to characterize forest fire behaviour. ecological modelling 210, 1 (2008), 71--84.
[50]
Howard Zhou, Jie Sun, Greg Turk, and James M Rehg. 2007. Terrain synthesis from digital elevation models. IEEE Trans. on Vis. and Comp. Graph. 13, 4 (2007), 834--848.

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)Three dimensional forest dynamic evolution based on hydraulic erosion and forest fire disturbanceComputers & Graphics10.1016/j.cag.2024.104152126(104152)Online publication date: Feb-2025
  • (2024)Realistic Simulation of Dissolution Process on Rock SurfaceAlgorithms10.3390/a1710046617:10(466)Online publication date: 19-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Research on data-driven multi-sensory design path based on Chinese gardens under the perspective of AI big dataApplied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences10.2478/amns-2024-20699:1Online publication date: 5-Aug-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Authoring landscapes by combining ecosystem and terrain erosion simulation

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
    ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 36, Issue 4
    August 2017
    2155 pages
    ISSN:0730-0301
    EISSN:1557-7368
    DOI:10.1145/3072959
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 20 July 2017
    Published in TOG Volume 36, Issue 4

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. erosion
    2. landscape
    3. simulation of natural phenomena
    4. stochastic
    5. terrain
    6. vegetation

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)442
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)52
    Reflects downloads up to 25 Jan 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2025)Three dimensional forest dynamic evolution based on hydraulic erosion and forest fire disturbanceComputers & Graphics10.1016/j.cag.2024.104152126(104152)Online publication date: Feb-2025
    • (2024)Realistic Simulation of Dissolution Process on Rock SurfaceAlgorithms10.3390/a1710046617:10(466)Online publication date: 19-Oct-2024
    • (2024)Research on data-driven multi-sensory design path based on Chinese gardens under the perspective of AI big dataApplied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences10.2478/amns-2024-20699:1Online publication date: 5-Aug-2024
    • (2024)Terrain diffusion networkProceedings of the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Thirty-Sixth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Fourteenth Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence10.1609/aaai.v38i11.29150(12565-12573)Online publication date: 20-Feb-2024
    • (2024)Multi-domain modeling of environment and ecosystem of virtual off-road scenes for simulating ground vehicle autonomySIMULATION10.1177/00375497241261412101:1(29-39)Online publication date: 25-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Controllable Procedural Generation of LandscapesProceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia10.1145/3664647.3681129(6394-6403)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2024
    • (2024)Terrain Amplification using Multi Scale ErosionACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/365820043:4(1-12)Online publication date: 19-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Scintilla: Simulating Combustible Vegetation for WildfiresACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/365819243:4(1-21)Online publication date: 19-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Unerosion: Simulating Terrain Evolution Back in TimeProceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation10.1111/cgf.15182(1-12)Online publication date: 21-Aug-2024
    • (2024)Learning Based Infinite Terrain Generation with Level of Detailing2024 International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV)10.1109/3DV62453.2024.00077(1048-1058)Online publication date: 18-Mar-2024
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Login options

    Full Access

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media