Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
opinion

A Survey of Link Recommendation for Social Networks: Methods, Theoretical Foundations, and Future Research Directions

Published: 25 October 2017 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    Link recommendation has attracted significant attention from both industry practitioners and academic researchers. In industry, link recommendation has become a standard and most important feature in online social networks, prominent examples of which include “People You May Know” on LinkedIn and “You May Know” on Google+. In academia, link recommendation has been and remains a highly active research area. This article surveys state-of-the-art link recommendation methods, which can be broadly categorized into learning-based methods and proximity-based methods. We further identify social and economic theories, such as social interaction theory, that underlie these methods and explain from a theoretical perspective why a link recommendation method works. Finally, we propose to extend link recommendation research in several directions that include utility-based link recommendation, diversity of link recommendation, link recommendation from incomplete data, and experimental study of link recommendation.

    References

    [1]
    E. Acar, D. M. Dunlavy, and T. G. Kolda. 2009. Link prediction on evolving data using matrix and tensor factorizations. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops. 262--269.
    [2]
    S. Adali, F. Sisenda, and M. Magdon-Ismail. 2012. Actions speak as loud as words: Predicting relationships from social behavior data. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW’12) 689--698.
    [3]
    L. A. Adamic and E. Adar. 2003. Friends and neighbors on the web. Soc. Netw. 25, 3 (2003), 211--230.
    [4]
    C. Aggarwal. 2007. Data Streams: Models and Algorithms. Springer, New York, NY.
    [5]
    G. A. Akerlof. 1997. Social distance and social decisions. Econometrica 65, 5 (1997), 1005--1027.
    [6]
    R. Albert, H. Jeong, and A. L. Barabasi. 2000. Error and attack tolerance of complex networks. Nature 406, 6794 (2000), 378--382.
    [7]
    S. Aral, L. Muchnik, and A. Sundararajan. 2009. Distinguishing influence-based contagion from homophily-driven diffusion in dynamic networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 51 (2009), 21544--21549.
    [8]
    S. Aral and D. Walker. 2012. Identifying influential and susceptible members of social networks. Science 337, 6092 (2012), 337--341.
    [9]
    J. Akehurst, I. Koprinska, K. Yacef, L. Pizzato, J. Kay, and T. Rej. 2011. A hybrid content-collaborative reciprocal recommender for online dating. In Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
    [10]
    S. B. Bacharach. 1989. Organizational theories: Some criteria for evaluation. Acad. Manage. Rev. 14, 4 (1989), 496--515.
    [11]
    L. Backstrom and J. Leskovec. 2011. Supervised random walks: Predicting and recommending links in social networks. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM’11). 635--644.
    [12]
    A. Barabási and R. Albert. 1999. Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286, 5439 (1999), 509--512.
    [13]
    A. Barabási, H. Jeong, Z. Néda, E. Ravasz, A. Schubert, and T. Vicsek. 2002. Evolution of the social network of scientific collaborations. Physica A 311, 3 (2002), 590--614.
    [14]
    N. Barbieri, F. Bonchi, and G. Manco. 2014. Who to follow and why: Link prediction with explanations. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’14). 1266--1275.
    [15]
    G. Becker. 1974. A Theory of social interactions. J. Polit. Econ. 82 (1974), 1063--1093.
    [16]
    N. Benchettara, R. Kanawati, and C. Rouveirol. 2010. A supervised machine learning link prediction approach for academic collaboration recommendation. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 253--256.
    [17]
    C. R. Berger and R. J. Calabrese. 1975. Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication. Hum. Commun. Res. 1, 2 (1975), 99--112.
    [18]
    C. A. Bliss, M. R. Frank, C. M. Danforth, and P. S. Dodds. 2014. An evolutionary algorithm approach to link prediction in dynamic social networks. J. Comput. Sci. 5, 5 (2014), 750--764.
    [19]
    M. Bilgic, G. M. Namata, and L. Getoor. 2007. Combining collective classification and link prediction. In Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Conference on Data. 381--386.
    [20]
    M. A. Brandão, M. M. Moro, G. R. Lopes, and J. P. M. Oliveira. 2013. Using link semantics to recommend collaborations in academic social networks. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web Companion (WWW’13). 833--840.
    [21]
    S. Brin and L. Page. 1998. The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine. Comput. Netw. 30 (1998), 107--117.
    [22]
    R. Burt. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
    [23]
    X. Cai, M. Bain, A. Krzywicki, W. Wobcke, Y. Kim, P. Compton, and A. Mahidadia. 2012. Reciprocal and heterogeneous link prediction in social networks. Adv. Knowl. Discov. Data Min. (2012) 193--204.
    [24]
    J. Chen, W. Geyer, C. Dugan, M. Muller, and I. Guy. 2009. Make new friends, but keep the old: Recommending people on social networking sites. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 201--210.
    [25]
    J. Cheng, D. M. Romero, B. Meeder, and J. Kleinberg. 2011. Predicting reciprocity in social networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE 3rd International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and the IEEE 3rd International Conference on Social Computing. 49--56.
    [26]
    A. Clauset, C. Moore, and M. E. Newman. 2008. Hierarchical structure and the prediction of missing links in networks. Nature 453, 7191 (2008), 98--101.
    [27]
    D. J. Crandall, L. Backstrom, D. Cosley, S. Suri, D. Huttenlocher, and J. Kleinberg. 2010. Inferring social ties from geographic coincidences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 52 (2010), 22436--22441.
    [28]
    T. Davenport and D. J. Patil. 2012. Data scientist: the sexist job of the 21st century. Harv. Bus. Rev. 90, 10 (2012), 70--76.
    [29]
    J. A. Davis and S. Leinhardt. 1971. The structure of positive interpersonal relations in small groups. In Sociological Theories in Progress (2nd ed.). Houghton-Mifflin, Boston.
    [30]
    S. Deerwester, S. T. Dumais, G. W. Furnas, and T. K. Landauer. 1990. Indexing by latent semantic analysis. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 41, 6 (1990), 391--407.
    [31]
    A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, and D. B. Rubin. 1977. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the em algorithm. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 39, 1, 1--38.
    [32]
    J. R. Doppa, J. Yu, P. Tadepalli, and L. Getoor. 2010. Learning algorithms for link prediction based on chance constraints. Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Springer, Berlin, 344--360.
    [33]
    Y. Dong, J. Tang, S. Wu, J. Tian, N. V. Chawla, J. Rao, and H. Cao. 2012. Link prediction and recommendation across heterogeneous social networks. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Data Mining. 181--190.
    [34]
    Y. Dong, J. Zhang, J. Tang, N. V. Chawla, and B. Wang. 2015. CoupledLP: Link prediction in coupled networks. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’15). 199--208.
    [35]
    D. M. Dunlavy, T. G. Kolda, and E. Acar. 2011. Temporal link prediction using matrix and tensor factorizations. ACM Trans. Knowl. Discov. Data 5, 2 (2011), 1--27.
    [36]
    N. Eagle, M. Macy, and R. Claxton. 2010. Network diversity and economic development. Science 328, 5981 (2010), 1029--1031.
    [37]
    Facebook 10-K2013. Form 10-K of Facebook Inc. for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2013. Securities and Exchange Commission's Edgar Website. Retrieved on January 7, 2016 from https://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml.
    [38]
    X. Fang, P. Hu, Z. Li, and W. Tsai. 2013a. Predicting adoption probabilities in social networks. Inf. Syst. Res. 24, 1 (2013), 128--145.
    [39]
    X. Fang, O. R. Liu Sheng, and P. Goes. 2013b. When is the right time to refresh knowledge discovered from data? Operat. Res. 61, 1 (2013), 32--44.
    [40]
    X. Fang. 2013. Inference-based naïve bayes: Turning naïve bayes cost-sensitive. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 25, 10 (2013), 2302--2313.
    [41]
    Scott L. Feld. 1981. The focused organization of social ties. Am. J. Sociol. 86, 5 (1981), 1015--1035.
    [42]
    M. Fire, L. Tenenboim, O. Lesser, R. Puzis, L. Rokach, and Y. Elovici. 2011. Link prediction in social networks using computationally efficient topological features. In Proceedings of Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and IEEE 3rd International Conference on Social Computing. 73--80.
    [43]
    F. Fouss, A. Pirotte, J. M. Renders, and M. Saerens. 2007. Random-walk computation of similarities between nodes of a graph with application to collaborative recommendation. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 19, 3 (2007), 355--369.
    [44]
    N. Friedman, L. Getoor, D. Koller, and A. Pfeffer. 1999. Learning probabilistic relational models. In Proceedings of International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence 1300--1309.
    [45]
    L. Getoor, N. Friedman, D. Koller, and B. Taskar. 2001. Learning probabilistic models of relational structure. In Proceedings of International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML’01). 170--177.
    [46]
    L. Getoor, N. Friedman, D. Koller, and B. Taskar. 2003. Learning probabilistic models of link structure. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3 (2003), 679--707.
    [47]
    L. Getoor and B. Taskar. 2007. Introduction to Statistical Relational Learning. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
    [48]
    N. Z. Gong, A. Talwalkar, L. Mackey, L. Huang, E. C. R. Shin, E. Stefanov, E. R. Shhi, and D. Song. 2014. Jointly predicting links and inferring attributes using a social-attribute network. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 5, 2 (2014), 1--20.
    [49]
    R. Guimerà and S. Marta. 2009. Missing and spurious interactions and the reconstruction of complex networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 106, 52 (2009), 22073--22078.
    [50]
    R. Guha, R. Kumar, P. Raghavan, and A. Tomkins. 2004. Propagation of trust and distrust. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web. 403--412.
    [51]
    M. Hasan, V. Chaoji, S. Salem, and M. Zaki. 2006. Link prediction using supervised learning. In SIAM International Conference on Data Mining Workshop on Link Analysis, Counter-terrorism and Security.
    [52]
    M. Hasan and M. Zaki. 2009. A survey of link prediction in social networks. In Social Network Data Analytics. Springer, New York, NY.
    [53]
    T. H. Haveliwala. 2002. Topic-sensitive Pagerank. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW’02). 517--526.
    [54]
    D. Heckerman, D. M. Chickering, C. Meek, R. Rounthwaite, and C. Kadie. 2001. Dependency networks for inference, collaborative filtering, and data visualization. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 1 (2001), 49--75.
    [55]
    D. Heckerman, C. Meek, and D. Koller. 2004. Probabilistic models for relational data. Technical Report MSR-TR-2004-30. Microsoft Research.
    [56]
    F. Heider. 1958. The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. Wiley, New York, NY.
    [57]
    T. Hofmann. 2004. Latent semantic models for collaborative filtering. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 22, 1 (2004), 89--115.
    [58]
    G. C. Homans. 1950. The Human Group. Harcourt, Brace, and World, New York, NY.
    [59]
    J. Hopcroft, T. Lou, and J. Tang. 2011. Who will follow you back?: Reciprocal relationship prediction. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. 1137--1146.
    [60]
    Z. Huang. 2010. Link prediction based on graph topology: The predictive value of generalized clustering coefficient. Retrieved from
    [61]
    Z. Huang and D. K. J. Lin. 2009. The time-series link prediction problem with applications in communication surveillance. INFORMS J. Comput. 21, 2 (2009), 286--303.
    [62]
    G. Jeh and J. Widom. 2002. SimRank: A measure of structural-context similarity. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’02). 538--543.
    [63]
    G. Jeh and J. Widom. 2003. Scaling personalized web search. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW’03). 271--279.
    [64]
    B. Jiang, Z. Zhang, and D. Towsley. 2015. Reciprocity in social networks with capacity constraints. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’15). 457--466.
    [65]
    I. Kahanda and J. Neville. 2009. Using transactional information to predict link strength in online social networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM’09). 74--81.
    [66]
    H. Kashima and N. Abe. 2006. A parameterized probabilistic model of network evolution for supervised link prediction. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM’06). 340--349.
    [67]
    L. Katz. 1953. A new status index derived from sociometric analysis. Psychometrika 18, 1 (1953), 39--43.
    [68]
    H. H. Kelley. 1971. Attribution in social interaction. General Learning Press, New York, NY.
    [69]
    J. G. Kemeny and J. L. Snell. 1976. Finite Markov Chains 210. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
    [70]
    M. Kim and J. Leskovec. 2011. The network completion problem: inferring missing nodes and edges in networks. In Proceedings of SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. 47--58.
    [71]
    J. M. Kleinberg. 2000. Navigation in a small world. Nature 406, 6798 (2000), 845--845.
    [72]
    Y. Koren, R. Bell, and C. Volinsky. 2009. Matrix factorization techniques for recommender systems. Computer 42, 8 (2009), 30--37.
    [73]
    J. Kunegis and A. Lommatzsch. 2009. Learning spectral graph transformations for link prediction. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML’09). 561--568.
    [74]
    J. Kunegis, A. Lommatzsch, and C. Bauckhage. 2009. The slashdot zoo: Mining a social network with negative edges. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on World Wide Web. 741--750.
    [75]
    T. T. Kuo, R. Yan, Y. Y. Huang, P. H. Kung, and S. D. Lin. 2013. Unsupervised link prediction using aggregative statistics on heterogeneous social networks. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’13). 775--783.
    [76]
    E. A. Leicht, P. Holme, and M. E. J. Newman. 2006. Vertex similarity in networks. Phys. Rev. E 73, 2 (2006), 026120.
    [77]
    V. Leroy, B. B. Cambazoglu, and F. Bonchi. 2010. Cold start link prediction. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 393--402.
    [78]
    J. Leskovec, D. Huttenlocher, and J. Kleinberg. 2010a. Signed networks in social media. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1361--1370.
    [79]
    J. Leskovec, D. Huttenlocher, and J. Kleinberg. 2010b. Predicting positive and negative links in online social networks. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web. 641--650.
    [80]
    Z. Li, X. Fang, X. Bai, and O. R. Liu Sheng. 2017. Utility-based link recommendation for online social networks. Manage. Sci. 63, 6 (2017), 1938--1952.
    [81]
    D. Liben-Nowell and J. Kleinberg. 2007. The link prediction problem for social networks. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 58, 7 (2007), 1019--1031.
    [82]
    R. N. Lichtenwalter, J. T. Lussier, and N. V. Chawla. 2010. New perspectives and methods in link prediction. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’10). 243--252.
    [83]
    W. Liu and L. Lü. 2010. Link prediction based on local random walk. Europhys. Lett. 89, 5 (2010), 58007.
    [84]
    T. Lou, J. Tang, J. Hopcroft, Z. Fang, and X. Ding. 2013. Learning to predict reciprocity and triadic closure in social networks. ACM Trans. Knowl. Discov. Data, 7, 2 (2013), 5.
    [85]
    Z. Lu, B. Savas, W. Tang, and I. S. Dhillon. 2010. Supervised link prediction using multiple sources. In Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM’10). 923--928.
    [86]
    L. Lü, C.-H. Jin, and T. Zhou. 2009. Similarity index based on local paths for link prediction of complex networks. Phys. Rev. E 80, 4, 046122.
    [87]
    L. Lü and T. Zhou. 2011. Link prediction in complex networks: A survey. Physica A 390, 6 (2011), 1150--1170.
    [88]
    F. Maccheroni, M. Marinacci, and A. Rustichini. 2012. Social decision theory: Choosing within and between groups. Rev. Econ. Stud. 79, 4 (2012), 1591--1636.
    [89]
    M. Makrehchi. 2011. Social link recommendation by learning hidden topics. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 189--196.
    [90]
    J. M. McPherson. 1983. Ecology of affiliation. Am. Sociol. Rev. 48 (1983), 519--532.
    [91]
    J. M. McPherson and J. R. Ranger-Moore. 1991. Evolution on a dancing landscape: Organizations and networks in dynamic blau space. Soc. Forces 70 (1991), 19--42.
    [92]
    M. McPherson, L. Smith-Lovin, and J. M. Cook. 2001. Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Ann. Rev. Sociol. 27 (2001), 415--444.
    [93]
    A. K. Menon and C. Elkan. 2011. Link prediction via matrix factorization. In Proceedings of the 2011 European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. 437--452.
    [94]
    N. Metropolis, A. W. Rosenbluth, M. N. Rosenbluth, A. H. Teller, E. Teller. 1953. Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines. J. Chem. Phys. 21 (1953), 1087.
    [95]
    L. Mihalkova, W. Moustafa, and L. Getoor. 2011. Learning to predict web collaborations. In Workshop on User Modeling for Web Applications.
    [96]
    M. E. Newman. 2001. Clustering and preferential attachment in growing networks. Phys. Rev. E 64, 2 (2001), 025102.
    [97]
    M. E. Newman, S. H. Strogatz, and D. J. Watts. 2001. Random graphs with arbitrary degree distributions and their applications. Phys. Rev. E 64, 2 (2001), 026118.
    [98]
    M. E. Newman and J. Park. 2003. Why social networks are different from other types of networks. Phys. Rev. E 68, 3 (2003), 036122.
    [99]
    M. Nowak and K. Sigmund. 2005. Evolution of indirect reciprocity. Nature 437 (2005), 1291--1298.
    [100]
    J. O'Madadhain, J. Hutchins, and P. Smyth. 2005. Prediction and ranking algorithms for event-based network data. ACM SIGKDD Explor Newslett. 7, 2 (2005), 23--30.
    [101]
    J. Pan and Q. Yang. 2010. A survey on transfer learning. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 22, 10 (2010), 1345--1359.
    [102]
    A. Papadimitriou, P. Symeonidis, and Y. Manolopoulos. 2012. Fast and accurate link prediction in social networking systems. J. Syst. Softw. 85, 9 (2012), 2119--2132.
    [103]
    T. Parsons. 1938. The role of theory in social research. Am. Sociol. Rev. 3, 1 (1938), 13--20.
    [104]
    J. Pfeffer, G. R. Salancik, and H. Leblebici. 1976. The effect of uncertainty on the use of social influence in organizational decision making. Admin. Sci. Quart. 21, 2 (1976), 227--245.
    [105]
    A. Popescul and L. Ungar. 2003. Statistical relational learning for link prediction. In Proceedings of International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Workshop on Learning Statistical Models from Relational Data. 81--90.
    [106]
    D. Quercia and L. Capra. 2009. Friendsensing: Recommending friends using mobile phones. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Recommender Systems. 273--276.
    [107]
    M. J. Rattigan and D. Jensen. 2005. The case for anomalous link discovery. SIGKDD Explor. Newslett. 7, 2 (2005), 41--47.
    [108]
    E. Ravasz, A. L. Somera, D. A. Mongru, Z. N. Oltvai, and A. Barabási. 2002. Hierarchical organization of modularity in metabolic networks. Science 297, 5586 (2002), 1551--1555.
    [109]
    J. Rennie and N. Srebro. 2005. Fast maximum margin matrix factorization for collaborative prediction. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Machine Learning. 713--719.
    [110]
    G. R. Salancik and J. Pfeffer. 1978. A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design. Admin. Sci. Quart. 224--253.
    [111]
    G. Salton and M. J. McGill. 1986. Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
    [112]
    G. Salton. 1989. Automatic Text Processing: the Transformation Analysis, and Retrieval of Information by Computer. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA.
    [113]
    S. Scellato, A. Noulas, and C. Mascolo. 2011. Exploiting place features in link prediction on location-based social networks. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’11). 1046--1054.
    [114]
    R. Schifanella, A. Barrat, C. Cattuto, B. Markines, and F. Menczer. 2010. Folks in folksonomies: Social link prediction from shared metadata. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM’10). 271--280.
    [115]
    D. Shen, J. Sun, Q. Yang, and Z. Chen. 2006. Latent friend mining from blog data. In Proceedings of IEEE 6th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM’06). 552--561.
    [116]
    D. Shin, S. Si, and I. S. Dhillon. 2012. Multi-scale link prediction. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. 215--224.
    [117]
    A. Singhal, K. Subbian, J. Srivastava, T. Kolda, and A. Pinar. 2013. Dynamics of trust reciprocation in multi-relational networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM’13). 661--665.
    [118]
    D. Song, A. Meyer, and D. Tao. 2015. Efficient latent link recommendation in signed networks. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’15). 1105--1114.
    [119]
    H. H. Song, T. W. Cho, V. Dave, Y. Zhang, and L. Qiu. 2009. Scalable proximity estimation and link prediction in online social networks. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference. 322--335.
    [120]
    D. Song, D. A. Meyer, and D. Tao. 2015. Efficient latent link recommendation in signed networks. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’15). 1105--1114.
    [121]
    T. Sørensen. 1948. A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species and its application to analyses of the vegetation on danish commons. Biol. Skr. 5 (1948), 1--34.
    [122]
    P. Symeonidis, E. Tiakas, and Y. Manolopoulos. 2010. Transitive node similarity for link prediction in social networks with positive and negative links. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems 183--190.
    [123]
    J. Tang, S. Chang, C. Aggarwal, and H. Liu. 2015. Negative link prediction in social media. In Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM’15). 87--96.
    [124]
    J. Tang, T. Lou, J. Kleinberg, and S. Wu. 2015a. Transfer learning to infer social ties across heterogeneous networks. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 34, 3, Article 1 (December 2015).
    [125]
    T. Tanizawa, G. Paul, R. Cohen, S. Havlin, and H. E. Stanley. 2005. Optimization of network robustness to waves of targeted and random attacks. Phys. Rev. E 71, 4 (2005), 047101.
    [126]
    T. Taskar, M. F. Wong, P. Abbeel, and D. Koller. 2003. Link prediction in relational data. In Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 659--666.
    [127]
    H. Tong, C. Faloutsos, and J. Y. Pan. 2006. Fast random walk with restart and its applications. In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM’06). 613--622.
    [128]
    J. Ugander, L. Backstrom, C. Marlow, and J. Kleinberg. 2012. Structural diversity in social contagion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 16 (2012), 5962--5966.
    [129]
    S. Vargas and P. Castells. 2011. Rank and relevance in novelty and diversity metrics for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 109--116.
    [130]
    D. J. Watts and S. H. Strogatz. 1998. Collective dynamics of ‘small world’ networks. Nature 393, 6684 (1998), 440--442.
    [131]
    S. Wasserman and K. Faust. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    [132]
    C. Wang, V. Satuluri, and S. Parthasarathy. 2007. Local probabilistic models for link prediction. In Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM’07). 322--331.
    [133]
    D. Wang, D. Pedreschi, C. Song, F. Giannotti, and A. L. Barabasi. 2011. Human mobility, social ties, and link prediction. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’11). 1100--1108.
    [134]
    R. Xiang, J. Neville, and M. Rogati. 2010. Modeling relationship strength in online social networks. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW’10). 981--990.
    [135]
    Y. Xu and D. Rockmore. 2012. Feature selection for link prediction. In Proceedings of the 5th Ph.D. ACM Workshop on Information and Knowledge. 25--32.
    [136]
    Y. Xu, N. Chen, A. Fernandez, O. Sinno, and A. Bhasin. 2015. From infrastructure to culture: A/B testing challenges in large scale social networks. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 2227--2236.
    [137]
    S. H. Yang, B. Long, A. Smola, N. Sadagopan, Z. Zheng, and H. Zha. 2011. Like like alike: Joint friendship and interest propagation in social networks. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW’11). 537--546.
    [138]
    S. Yang, A. Smola, B. Long, H. Zha, and Y. Chang. 2012. Friend or frenemy? predicting signed ties in social networks. In Proceedings of the 35th ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 555--564.
    [139]
    J. Ye, H. Cheng, Z. Zhu, and M. Chen. 2013. Predicting positive and negative links in signed social networks by transfer learning. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web. 1477--1488.
    [140]
    Z. Yin, M. Gupta, T. Weninger, and J. Han. 2010. A unified framework for link recommendation using random walks. In Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining. 152--159.
    [141]
    K. Yu, W. Chu, S. Yu, T. Volker, and Z. Xu. 2006. Stochastic relational models for discriminative link prediction. Adv. Neur. Inf. Process. Syst. P. B. Schölkopf, J. C. Platt, and T. Hoffman (Eds.). MIT Press. 333--340.
    [142]
    G. Yuan, P. K. Murukannaiah, Z. Zhang, and M. P. Singh. 2014. Exploiting sentiment homophily for link prediction. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 17--24.
    [143]
    M. Zhang and N. Hurley. 2008. Avoiding monotony: Improving the diversity of recommendation lists. In Proceedings of ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 123--130.
    [144]
    J. Zhang, P. S. Yu, and Z. H. Zhou. 2014. Meta-path based multi-network collective link prediction. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD’14). 1286--1295.
    [145]
    K. Zhao, X. Wang, M. Yu, and B. Gao. 2014. User recommendations in reciprocal and bipartite social networks: An online dating case study. IEEE Intell. Syst. 29, 2 (2014), 27--35.
    [146]
    E. Zheleva, L. Getoor, J. Golbeck, and U. Kuter. 2008. Using friendship ties and family circles for link prediction. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advances in Social Network Mining and Analysis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 97--113.
    [147]
    T. Zhou, L. Lü, and Y. Zhang. 2009. Predicting missing links via local information. Eur. Phys. J B 71, 4 (2009), 623--630.

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Link prediction based on spectral analysisPLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.028738519:1(e0287385)Online publication date: 2-Jan-2024
    • (2024)Kernelized Deep Learning for Matrix Factorization Recommendation System Using Explicit and Implicit InformationIEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems10.1109/TNNLS.2022.318294235:1(1205-1216)Online publication date: Jan-2024
    • (2024)Link Prediction Revisited: New Approach for Anticipating New Innovation Chances Using Technology ConvergenceIEEE Transactions on Engineering Management10.1109/TEM.2022.321386771(5143-5159)Online publication date: 2024
    • Show More Cited By

    Index Terms

    1. A Survey of Link Recommendation for Social Networks: Methods, Theoretical Foundations, and Future Research Directions

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems
      ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems  Volume 9, Issue 1
      March 2018
      89 pages
      ISSN:2158-656X
      EISSN:2158-6578
      DOI:10.1145/3146385
      Issue’s Table of Contents
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 25 October 2017
      Accepted: 01 August 2017
      Revised: 01 April 2017
      Received: 01 February 2016
      Published in TMIS Volume 9, Issue 1

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. Link Recommendation
      2. Network Formation
      3. Social Network

      Qualifiers

      • Opinion
      • Research
      • Refereed

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)77
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)5
      Reflects downloads up to 10 Aug 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)Link prediction based on spectral analysisPLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.028738519:1(e0287385)Online publication date: 2-Jan-2024
      • (2024)Kernelized Deep Learning for Matrix Factorization Recommendation System Using Explicit and Implicit InformationIEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems10.1109/TNNLS.2022.318294235:1(1205-1216)Online publication date: Jan-2024
      • (2024)Link Prediction Revisited: New Approach for Anticipating New Innovation Chances Using Technology ConvergenceIEEE Transactions on Engineering Management10.1109/TEM.2022.321386771(5143-5159)Online publication date: 2024
      • (2024)A Weighted Symmetric Graph Embedding Approach for Link Prediction in Undirected GraphsIEEE Transactions on Cybernetics10.1109/TCYB.2022.318181054:2(1037-1047)Online publication date: Feb-2024
      • (2024)Link Prediction in Dynamic Real-Life Friendship Networks: A Case Study2024 4th International Conference on Computer Communication and Artificial Intelligence (CCAI)10.1109/CCAI61966.2024.10603341(137-141)Online publication date: 24-May-2024
      • (2023)Integrating Users’ Contextual Engagements with Their General PreferencesINFORMS Journal on Computing10.1287/ijoc.2023.128435:3(614-632)Online publication date: 15-Mar-2023
      • (2023)Dual Subgraph-Based Graph Neural Network for Friendship Prediction in Location-Based Social NetworksACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data10.1145/355498117:3(1-28)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2023
      • (2023)A Deep Dual Adversarial Network for Cross-Domain RecommendationIEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering10.1109/TKDE.2021.313295335:4(3266-3278)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2023
      • (2023)Machine cultureNature Human Behaviour10.1038/s41562-023-01742-27:11(1855-1868)Online publication date: 20-Nov-2023
      • (2023)Community preserving adaptive graph convolutional networks for link prediction in attributed networksKnowledge-Based Systems10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110589272:COnline publication date: 19-Jul-2023
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      Get Access

      Login options

      Full Access

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media